Mr. Thomas midterm

Missouri Compromise:

"Compromise of 1820" over the issue of slavery in Missouri. It was decided Missouri entered as a slave state and Maine entered as a free state and all states North of the 36th parallel were free states and all South were slave states.

James Madison:

"Father of the Constitution," Federalist leader, and fourth President of the United States.

Compromise of 1850:

(1) California admitted as free state, (2) territorial status and popular sovereignty of Utah and New Mexico, (3) resolution of Texas-New Mexico boundaries, (4) federal assumption of Texas debt, (5) slave trade abolished in DC, and (6) new fugitive slave law; advocated by Henry Clay and Stephen A. Douglas

John Quincy Adams:

(1767-1848) Son of President John Adams and the secretary of state to James Monroe, he largely formulated the Monroe Doctrine. He was the sixth president of the United States and later became a representative in Congress.

James Monroe:

(1817-1821) and (1821-1825) The Missouri Compromise in 1821., the fifth President of the United States (1817-1825).His administration was marked by the acquisition of Florida (1819); the Missouri Compromise (1820), in which Missouri was declared a slave state; and the profession of the Monroe Doctrine (1823), declaring U.S. opposition to European interference in the Americas

John C. Calhoun:

(1830s-40s) Leader of the Fugitive Slave Law, which forced the cooperation of Northern states in returning escaped slaves to the south. He also argued on the floor of the senate that slavery was needed in the south. He argued on the grounds that society is supposed to have an upper ruling class that enjoys the profit of a working lower class.

Martin Van Buren:

(1837-1841) Advocated lower tariffs and free trade, and by doing so maintained support of the south for the Democratic party. He succeeded in setting up a system of bonds for the national debt.

How many senators are in Congress?

100 senators, 2 for each state

John K. Polk:

11th president of the United States. Was a Democrat. He was known as a dark horse candidate but also the hardest working in most accessible president in US history. Mexican-American war takes place during his term

Zackary Taylor:

12th president of the United States. Mexican-American war hero. Appealed to both North and South voters. Nicknamed "old rough and ready". Dies in office less than a year into his presidency after eating a pool of cherries and a picture of milk. Died of cholera

Millard Fillmore

13th president of the United States. Was a wig and an accidental president however proved to be remarkable. fire Taylor's entire cabinet. Signed the compromise of 1850 and believed by signing it the issue of slavery would be solved forever. Renominated in the election of 1852

XYZ affair:

1798 - A commission had been sent to France in 1797 to discuss the disputes that had arisen out of the U.S.'s refusal to honor the Franco-American Treaty of 1778. President Adams had also criticized the French Revolution, so France began to break off relations with the U.S. Adams sent delegates to meet with French foreign minister Talleyrand in the hopes of working things out. Talleyrand's three agents told the American delegates that they could meet with Talleyrand only in exchange for a very large bribe. The Americans did not pay the bribe, and in 1798 Adams made the incident public, substituting the letters "X, Y and Z" for the names of the three French agents in his report to Congress.

What is the voting age in United States?

18 years old

Lewis and Clark expedition:

1804-1806 - Meriwether Lewis and William Clark were commissioned by Jefferson to map and explore the Louisiana Purchase region. Beginning at St. Louis, Missouri, the expedition travelled up the Missouri River to the Great Divide, and then down the Columbia River to the Pacific Ocean. It produced extensive maps of the area and recorded many scientific discoveries, greatly facilitating later settlement of the region and travel to the Pacific coast.

William Lloyd Garrison:

1805-1879. Prominent American abolitionist, journalist and social reformer. Editor of radical abolitionist newspaper "The Liberator", and one of the founders of the American Anti-Slavery Society.

Monroe Doctrine:

1823 - Declared that Europe should not interfere in the affairs of the Western Hemisphere and that any attempt at interference by a European power would be seen as a threat to the U.S. It also declared that a New World colony which has gained independence may not be recolonized by Europe. (It was written at a time when many South American nations were gaining independence). Only England, in particular George Canning, supported the Monroe Doctrine. Mostly just a show of nationalism, the doctrine had no major impact until later in the 1800s.

Tariff of Abominations:

1828 - Also called Tariff of 1828, it raised the tariff on imported manufactured goods. The tariff protected the North but harmed the South; South said that the tariff was economically discriminatory and unconstitutional because it violated state's rights.

Mexican-American War:

1846 - 1848 - President Polk declared war on Mexico over the dispute of land in Texas. At the end, American ended up with 55% of Mexico's land.

Kansas-Nebraska Act:

1854 - Created Nebraska and Kansas as states and gave the people in those territories the right to chose to be a free or slave state through popular sovereignty.

George Washington:

1st President of the United States; commander-in-chief of the Continental Army during the American Revolution (1732-1799)

What amendment gives the right of freedom of speech, freedom of the press, and the right to peacefully assemble?

1st amendment

What is the term length of a representative?

2 years

How many amendments are there?

27 amendments

What amendment gives the right to bear arms?

2nd Amendment

What is the term length of The president of the United States?

4 years

How many representatives are in Congress?

435

What amendment is in place so there is no unreasonable searches and seizures?

4th amendment

What amendment is in place so there needs to be probable cause?

4th amendment

What amendment gives the right to have a speedy and public trail?

5th amendment

What amendment includes double jeopardy?

5th amendment

What amendment is in place so you are not a witness against yourself?

5th amendment

What is the term length of a senator?

6 years

What amendment is in place so there is no impartial jury?

6th amendment

What amendment is in place so there is no cruel and unusual punishments?

8th amendment

What amendment is in place so there is no excessive bail?

8th amendment

How many justices are in the supreme Court?

9 justices

Willam Henry Harrison:

9th president of the United States ran in the election of 1840 under the wig party. Campaign slogan "Tippecanoe and Tyler too" gives two hour long inaugurational address and couches pneumonia. Dies 31 days into administration. Becomes the first president to die in office

Dark Horse Candidate:

A candidate for office with little support before the beginning of the nomination process; James K. Polk was the first dark horse candidate for president in 1844.

Era of Good Feelings:

A name for President Monroe's two terms, a period of strong nationalism, economic growth, and territorial expansion. Since the Federalist party dissolved after the War of 1812, there was only one political party and no partisan conflicts.

Wig party:

A political party formed in 1834 by opponents of Andrew Jackson and who supported a strong legislature

The middle passage:

A voyage that brought enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to North America and the West Indies

The war of 1812:

A war between the U.S. and Great Britain caused by American outrage over the impressment of American sailors by the British, the British seizure of American ships, and British aid to the Indians attacking the Americans on the western frontier. Also, a war against Britain gave the U.S. an excuse to seize the British northwest posts and to annex Florida from Britain's ally Spain, and possibly even to seize Canada from Britain. The War Hawks (young westerners led by Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun) argued for war in Congress. The war involved several sea battles and frontier skirmishes. U.S. troops led by Andrew Jackson seized Florida and at one point the British managed to invade and burn Washington, D.C. The Treaty of Ghent (December 1814) restored the status quo and required the U.S. to give back Florida. Two weeks later, Andrew Jackson's troops defeated the British at the Battle of New Orleans, not knowing that a peace treaty had already been signed. The war strengthened American nationalism and encouraged the growth of industry.

John Adams:

America's first Vice-President and second President. Sponsor of the American Revolution in Massachusetts, and wrote the Massachusetts guarantee that freedom of press "ought not to be restrained."

Indian Territory:

An area covering most of present-day Oklahoma to which most Native Americans in the Southeast were forced to move in the 1830s

Peculiar Institution:

Another term for slavery; The owning of human beings existed in a country that practiced liberty.

Nicholas Biddle:

As President of the Second Bank of the United States, this man occupied a position of power and responsibility that propelled him to the forefront of Jacksonian politics in the 1830s. He, along with others who regarded the bank as a necessity, realized the threat posed by the election of Andrew Jackson in 1828. Jackson was bitterly opposed to the national bank, believing that it was an unconstitutional, elitist institution that bred inequalities among the people. A bitterly divisive issue, the rechartering of the bank dominated political discussion for most of the 1830s, and for many, this man became a symbol of all for which the bank stood. After Jackson's reelection, the Second Bank of the United States was doomed.

The first 10 amendments were nicknamed what?

Bill of rights

Supreme Court:

Consists of nine justices, each appointed by the President and confirmed by Congress. Appointment is for life. Supreme Court exercises the power to determine constitutionality of statutes

Henry Clay:

Distinguished senator from Kentucky, who ran for president five times until his death in 1852. He was a strong supporter of the American System, a war hawk for the War of 1812, Speaker of the House of Representatives, and known as "The Great Compromiser." Outlined the Compromise of 1850 with five main points. Died before it was passed however.

Charles Dickinson:

Famous duelist, expert marksman, was fatally wounded by Andrew Jackson, who he had called a coward and probably insulted his wife. Jackson was hit in the heart and the bullet could not be removed.

Thomas Jefferson:

He was delegate from Virginia at the second Continental Congress and wrote the declaration of Independence. He later served as the third president of the United States

The great compromiser:

Henry Clay's nickname

Whiskey rebellion:

In 1794, farmers in Pennsylvania rebelled against Hamilton's excise tax on whiskey, and several federal officers were killed in the riots caused by their attempts to serve arrest warrants on the offenders. In October, 1794, the army, led by Washington, put down the rebellion. The incident showed that the new government under the Constitution could react swiftly and effectively to such a problem, in contrast to the inability of the government under the Articles of Confederation to deal with Shay's Rebellion.

Louisiana purchase:

In 1803 a 15 million dollar purchase of Louisiana territory from France was made by TJ, this double the size of the United States

Corrupt Bargain:

In the election of 1824, none of the candidates were able to secure a majority of the electoral vote, thereby putting the outcome in the hands of the House of Representatives, which elected John Quincy Adams over rival Andrew Jackson. Henry Clay was the Speaker of the House at the time, and he convinced Congress to elect Adams. Adams then made Clay his Secretary of State.

Gold Rush of 1849:

Individual prospectors made the first gold strikes along the Sierra Nevada Mountains in 1849, touching off a mining boom that helped shape the development of the West and set the pattern for subsequent strikes in other regions.

Veto>

It is a constitutional right to reject a decision or proposal made by a law-making body. Commonly made by the president

2nd Bank of the US:

It was a federal establishment operated by the gov't as an attempt to save the welfare of the economy after the War of 1812. It was part of Henry Clay's American System and forced state banks to call in their loans which led to foreclosures and the Panic of 1819.

What month do we inaugurate the president?

January

What are the three branches of government?

Legislative branch: The part of United States government that creates laws Executive branch: The branch of federal and state government that is broadly responsible for implementing, supporting, and enforcing the laws Judicial branch: The part of the United States government that interprets the law and administers justice

What month do we vote for president?

November

Amendments:

Official changes, corrections, or additions to the Constitution

What is the date of when the declaration of Independence was adopted?

Online says August 2nd but I think the test is going to say the 4th of July

Indian Removal Act of 1830:

Passed by Congress on May 28, 1830, during the presidency of Andrew Jackson. It authorized the president to negotiate with Indians tribes in the Southern U.S. for their removal to federal territory west of the Mississippi River in exchange for their homelands. The act was strongly supported by non-native people of the South, who were eager to gain access to lands inhabited by the Five Civilized Tribes. The Removal Act paved the way for the reluctant migration of tens of thousands of American Indians to the West, an event widely known as the "Trail of Tears".

James Tallmadge:

Proposed two amendments to the Missouri statehood bill: one to prohibit bringing in of slaves and one to slowly emancipate slaves

Commander in chief:

The role of United States president as highest ranking officer in the armed forces. The Constitution provides this power, but, through the system of checks and balances, gives Congress to authority to declare war

Andrew Jackson:

The seventh President of the United States (1829-1837), who as a general in the War of 1812 defeated the British at New Orleans (1815). As president he opposed the Bank of America, objected to the right of individual states to nullify disagreeable federal laws, and increased the presidential powers.

Why were the articles of confederation weak?

There was no executive, no judicial, no power to tax, no power to regulate trade

Alien and sedition acts:

These consist of four laws passed by the Federalist Congress and signed by President Adams in 1798: the Naturalization Act, which increased the waiting period for an immigrant to become a citizen from 5 to 14 years; the Alien Act, which empowered the president to arrest and deport dangerous aliens; the Alien Enemy Act, which allowed for the arrest and deportation of citizens of countries at was with the US; and the Sedition Act, which made it illegal to publish defamatory statements about the federal government or its officials. The first 3 were enacted in response to the XYZ Affair, and were aimed at French and Irish immigrants, who were considered subversives. The Sedition Act was an attempt to stifle Democratic-Republican opposition, although only 25 people were ever arrested, and only 10 convicted, under the law. The Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions, which initiated the concept of "nullification" of federal laws were written in response to the Acts.

Who was the author of the declaration of Independence?

Thomas Jefferson

Texas Revolution:

War between Texas settlers and Mexico from 1835-1836 resulting in the formation of the Republic of Texas

Washington's farewell address:

Warned Americans not to get involved in European affairs, not to make permanent alliances, not to form political parties and to avoid sectionalism.

Pardon:

a declaration of forgiveness and freedom from punishment made by the president

Preamble:

a statement attached to the beginning of the Constitution by the constitutional convention, declaring the purpose of the document. It begins with: "we, the people"

John Tyler:

elected Vice President and became the 10th President of the United States when Harrison died 1841-1845, President responsible for annexation of Mexico after receiving mandate from Polk, opposed many parts of the Whig program for economic recovery

Bicameral:

having two branches or chambers of a legislative body

Patent:

legal ownership of an invention held by the Creator; exclusive right or ownership

David Wilmot:

member of Congress best known for the "Wilmot Proviso" (1846). This was a plan to not allow slavery in any of the land annexed from Mexico after the Mexican-American War. It did not pass, but was considered the first event in a long slide towards the Civil War.

Ratify:

sign or give formal consent to (a treaty, contract, or agreement), making it officially valid.

Webster-Ashburton Treaty:

signed August 9, 1842, was a treaty resolving several border issues between the United States and the British North American colonies, particularly a dispute over the location of the Maine-New Brunswick border. Also banned the slave trade (on the ocean)

Status quo:

the existing state of affairs

Tippecanoe and Tyler too:

this was Tyler's slogan during his election, using his vicotry during the Battle of Tippecanoe as a "pro" for voting for him