Multiple Choice Questions Midterm History 102

Which of the following accurately describes a change in China's economy during the Ming dynasty?

****Silver money replaced barter in China's internal markets.

Which of the following was a major difference between the rulers of Spain and Portugal and the Ottomans?

****The Spanish and Portuguese rulers expelled or forced the conversion of members of other religions; the Ottomans permitted those with diverse religious beliefs to remain in their territories.

Which of the following was a major milestone in the reign of Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain?

****The last Muslim stronghold in Spain—Granada—fell to Christian forces.

To project imperial power and grandeur, the Yongle Emperor of the Ming dynasty:

****constructed the Forbidden City.

Which of the following allowed the Spanish to defeat both the Aztec and Inca Empires?

***Both empires suffered from internal weakness and divisions that were exploited by the Spanish.

As a result of the Ming dynasty's abandoning support for oceanic exploration:

***Chinese maritime power declined and opened the way for newcomers and rivals in the Indian Ocean and Southeast Asia.

What led Portuguese traders to explore the coast of Africa in the mid-sixteenth century?

***Gold's value rose dramatically during and after the Black Death, and the Portuguese believed that Africa was a source of precious metals.

Which of the following statements best describes the early Ming dynasty?

***It had to rebuild a devastated society from the ground up after Mongol rule and plague.

Which of the following was essential to the Aztec state's legitimacy?

***Kinship and clan networks

Which of the following statements best explains the impact of the Black Death on the influence of the Christian church in Western Europe?

***The Black Death unleashed a wave of popular hostility toward the church.

Which of the following beliefs was shared by Luther and Calvin?

***The belief that the source of religious knowledge lay in the scriptures

What circumstance permitted the English and Dutch to expand their trade in Asia and the Americas?

***They took advantage of Spain's bankruptcy caused by religious and dynastic wars.

In the late fifteenth century, Ferdinand and reacted to the Ottoman expansion by:

***a potential source of disorder and instability.

Identify the primary reason that Renaissance culture spread throughout Europe by the late sixteenth century:

***economic prosperity and competition between political and religious leaders.

Emperor Hongwu, because he distrusted state bureaucrats and wished to be seen as the guardian of his subjects,

***entrusted management of the rural regions to local leaders.

The Portuguese monarchs successfully consolidated their political power by:

***granting Atlantic islands to nobles as lucrative hereditary possessions, ensuring the political loyalty of noble families and merchants.

The main goal of Zheng He's voyages was to:

***reestablish trade and collect tribute.

Which of the following was a major consequence of the Renaissance?

A network of independent, educated people who were not totally reliant on either the state or the church.

182- What did Europeans mean when they proposed that Africans should engage in "legitimate" trade?

Africans should sell raw materials instead of slaves, and buy manufactured goods from Europe.

94-What was a consequence of Europeans' introducing firearms into North America?

Amerindian groups fought each other as they sought to increase their hunting and trapping ranges.

Which of the following did the rulers of Ming China, the Ottoman Empire, and Western Europe use to unify their expanded territories?

Artists and architects, who projected the ruler's grandeur and power

212-In which of the following ways did the Zuku leader, Shaka, resemble Mongol leaders?

Both had the ability to incorporate defeated communities into the state.

140-Which of the following did Captain Cook and Christopher Columbus have in common?

Both of them changed local ecologies by introducing European flora and fauna to unfamiliar environments.

In what way was the effect of the Forbidden City on the populace similar to that of Topkapi palace?

Both projected a sense of awe and power.

171-Which of the following accurately indicates the process by which the slave trade was ended in the North Atlantic?

Britain posted a naval squadron off the coast of West Africa to prevent any slave trade north of the equator.

138- What was a consequence of the "native learning" movement promoted by some Japanese intellectuals?

Buddhism was branded a foreign contaminant of Japanese culture.

92- Which of the following was a consequence of the Thirty Years' War?

Central Europe's populations and economies did not recover for more than a century.

131- Which of the following reflects a difference between China and the Islamic Empires?

China's internal market fueled its growth and culture, instead of the foreign trade that provided wealth to the Islamic Empires.

What environmental change is credited with forcing pastoral peoples and plague-bearing rodents into closer contact with settled agricultural villages?

Drought in the central Asian steppe borderlands

150-How did the literary culture of late Ming and early Qing China affect elite women's lives?

Elite women were generally able to participate as writers, readers, and editors, despite increasing constraints on their lives.

85- Which of the following prevented English monarchs, such as Queen Elizabeth I, from establishing an absolutist regime?

English monarchs were legally required to obtain the consent of Parliament in order to raise funds.

122-Which of the following was a way in which the arts were used by artists or their patrons to send a social message between 1500 and 1750?

European women such as Mary Wollstonecraft took up the pen to counter the belief that women could not act as rational beings.

105-What role did Europeans play in the seventeenth- and eighteenth-century slave trade in Africa?

Europeans remained in coastal enclaves, depending on indigenous political and trading networks to bring slaves to them.

109- By 1789, which country held the richest sugar colony?

France

229-Which of the following groups supported Usman dan Fodio's revolt against the Hausa city-states?

Fulani tribes people

225-Which of the following nineteenth-century principles derived from the revolutions of the late eighteenth century?

Government by and for property holding citizens

124-Which of the following did Adam Smith see as a valid reason for creating an economy with less government regulation?

He believed that free and fair competition provided the best opportunity to produce wealth.

176-Why did King Pedro separate Brazil from Portuguese rule and declare Brazil to be a constitutional monarchy?

He feared an uprising among the local elites

136-What was the political rationale for monarchs such as Louis XIV and Charles II to support scientific academies?

If the crown was seen to support scientific progress, the great minds of the academies would also be seen to support the crown.

244-How did nationalist thinkers define "the nation"?

In terms of a common language, culture, and history

238-How did the British change their approach to ruling India after 1857?

India came under the British crown's direct control.

147-Which of the following helps explain the degree of intermarriage between European men and native women in the Americas?

Initially, European colonists were overwhelmingly male.

129- In what way was the U.S. Declaration of Independence an Enlightenment document?

It announced that all men were endowed with equal rights.

236-How did the status of Islam in West Africa change after the establishment of the Sokoto caliphate?

It changed from a minority religion to the majority religion in the region.

224-What was one of the reasons for the collapse of the Taiping Rebellion?

It failed to attract strong support from the landed gentry and other elite groups.

192-Which of the following accurately describes a reason cited by the colonists for the North American War of Independence?

King George III insisted that colonists help pay for Britain's war with France and for the benefits of being subjects of the British Empire.

215-Why did small-scale settlements in southern Africa give way to larger states during the early nineteenth century?

Larger states were better equipped to compete for limited land and resources

183-What factor contributed most to Mexico's declaration of independence in 1821?

Loss of faith in the Spanish king's ability to rule effectively

Which of the following was the most important factor in the rise of the Ottoman Empire?

Mongol forays into Anatolia destabilized the region

201-Calls for political revolution in the eighteenth-century Atlantic world relied on which of the following new ideas?

Nationalism and democracy

177-Where did participation in global trade first begin to have a significant impact on the lives of ordinary people?

Northwestern Europe and British North America

230-Why did American officials fear Tecumseh's message even more than his brother's?

Officials feared that Tecumseh's attempt to create a confederation of Native American tribes could lead to a nation comparable to that of the Aztecs.

134- What did the Ottomans see as evidence that the Islamic world had a monopoly on truth, enlightenment, and culture?

Ottoman military successes proved God's favor for their culture.

184-Which of the following accurately describes global trade in the mid-nineteenth century?

People increasingly worked to produce goods they could sell in the global market instead of producing subsistence crops.

223-Which of the following groups was most attracted to Wahhabi Islam?

People who felt threatened by new commercial activities and the increasing pace of intellectual change

Following the crises of the fourteenth century, which of the following was the most resistant to change?

Religious and cultural systems

Why did Europeans turn for inspiration to the art and learning of classical Greece and Rome as they rebuilt society after the devastation of the plague?

Renaissance humanism provided more scope for secular individuals to act in an expanding world.

South Asia was less severely affected by the Black Death than were settlements along the Silk Road and Mediterranean Sea because:

South Asian societies had escaped the Mongol conquest and were not directly linked to Mongol-controlled trade routes.

71- In the early sixteenth century, which of the following contributed to the Aztecs' constant warfare?

The Aztecs believed that the gods required human hearts and blood, leading to the sacrifice of thousands of war captives.

The Ottoman Empire conquered and absorbed much of what Christian power?

The Byzantine Empire

139-For what reason did the Chinese take little interest in the maps brought by Matteo Ricci?

The Chinese believed that Ricci's maps made China seem an unimportant country on the edge of the world.

196-Which of the following was included in 1842 Treaty of Nanjing?

The Chinese ceded the island of Hong Kong to the British.

75- Which of the following beliefs was shared by Luther and Calvin?

The belief that the source of religious knowledge lay in the scriptures

What was the Western European Christian church's response to challenges to its authority following the plague?

The church demanded strict obedience and persecuted those who questioned its doctrines.

106- Why can historians claim that Mughal rulers were victims of their own success?

The combination of prosperity and dependence on local elites for governance allowed the local elites to become more autonomous.

Which of the following is the best description of the economic impact of the Black Death on Afro-Eurasia?

The deaths of many farmers led to food shortages, which in turn led to rapidly rising prices, work stoppages, and unrest

234-From which groups did European nationalist movements draw their greatest number of supporters?

The liberal aristocracy and the commercial middle class

213-In what way did nineteenth-century nationalist goals prove destructive in the twentieth century?

The nationalist goals of different groups proved incompatible with one another.

108-How did Dutch merchants contribute to the development of European commerce?

They established a stock exchange, a banking system, and a system for insuring cargoes.

185-Which of the following was a product of radical French revolutionaries who controlled the French government during the 1790s?

They established the world's largest army

98-Which of the following strategies contributed to the early success of the Qing dynasty?

They presented themselves as upholders of familial values and traditional Chinese culture.

Which of the following statements best describes the Ottoman rulers' stance toward regional differences within their territory?

They were flexible and tolerant.

116-During the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, what was the average life expectancy of an African slave brought to the Caribbean?

Three years

86- In general, the slave trade helped to shift wealth toward which African social group?

Warrior elites

103-Which of the following factors made the Safavid Empire the most unstable of the large Muslim states?

Weak rulers and internal divisions

To consolidate rule over their conquered empire, the Ottoman sultans:

adopted Byzantine administrative practices while maintaining devotion to Islam.

Throughout the fourteenth century, Portuguese Christian rulers attempted to consolidate power by:

devoting themselves to fighting the Moors.

87- The English colonial model in the New World differed from that of other European states in that it:

dispossessed native peoples from their lands in order to accommodate a growing English settler population.

In the fourteenth century, political stabilization in southern Europe was aided by:

economic growth through sea trade with southwest Asia.

In order to reestablish political order following the crises of the fourteenth century, many dynastic rulers:

fostered beliefs and rituals that confirmed their legitimacy, such as stating that their power had a divine source.

Seeing themselves as "the shadow of God" on earth, Ottoman sultans:

funded construction of elaborate mosques.

The janissaries:

maintained steadfast loyalty to the sultan and limited the autonomy of provincial rulers.

In Spain, a strong dynasty was created primarily through:

marriage

Ming rulers strengthened their role in traditional rites and ceremonies to:

show that the gods favored the Ming.

Populations in both China and Western Europe succumbed to the plague in large numbers because both had:

suffered from years of famine and food shortages that had weakened the populations. little settled agriculture.

The group that eventually drove the Mongols out of China was known as:

the Red Turbans.

n The Prince, Niccolò Machiavelli argued that:

the prince should rule based on the principles of modern statecraft instead of moral or religious values.