Mumps: A childhood Disease
What kind of genome does the Measles Virus have?
A single-stranded, negative-sense RNA genome
The worldwide use of the Mumps Vaccine
According to a 2006 survey, the Mumps vaccination rate is similar to the Measles vaccination rate when considering the countries that vaccinate. All of the world vaccinates except for African and Asian countries. However, it appears that even fewer countries in these continents utilize Mumps vaccinations than Measles vaccination. This may be because Measles has a relatively high child mortality rate while Mumps vary rarely cause death.
Still the benefits of the MMR vaccination is considered to far outweigh its risks..
It is considered a required vaccination. This is enforced by denying the child's right to attend public school or participate in many public activities if he or she has not been vaccinated. Failure to vaccinate does not just effect the the child that has not been vaccinated, it also affects those who have been vaccinated--affects the entire local population
What genus/family does the mumps virus belong to?
Just like the Measles Virus, the Mumps virus is also a part of the Paramyxoviridae family. However, it is apart of the Rubulaviridae genus--a different genus than the Measles virus Paramyxoviridae viruses replicate in similar cytoplasmic strategies--just like Measles
Basics of Mumps
Mumps is also considered to be a childhood, viral-disease Vaccination has dramatically reduced the occurrence...however, it still remains a major threat worldwide Named "mumps" to stand for "mumble". This is because it effects the ability to use the jaw correctly as it results in "Parotitis" or the swelling of the salivary gland
Mumps Transmission--How the Mumps disease spreads from host-to-host
Mumps is an upper-respiratory infection, and is transmitted through salivary or respiratory infections between humans. HUMANS ARE THE ONLY KNOWN RESERVOIR! It was very common in the US before 1967. It is very contagious, so epidemics would appear in two to five year cycles. There is no known treatments, once the disease has been contracted. The vaccine does not treat the infection, but it is a protective measure for the contraction/transmission of the disease.
Recent outbreaks and epidemics due to those who objected vaccination
Stockholm--Smallpox (1873-74) --Because of religious and safety objections. Led to a major epidemic Netherlands--Measles (1999-2000) --one religious denomination objected, but it led to an outbreak of 2961 cases, which resulted in 3 deaths and 68 hospitalizations Nigeria--Polio, Measles, Diptheria (2001-onward) --Religious leaders were suspicious of western medicine. Resulted in 20,000 cases of Measles (600 deaths) and over half of all "new" polio cases. This is a lot, considering the fact that Nigeria is a developed country! Indiana--Measles (2005) --some parents refused to vaccinate their children, leading to the greatest outbreak since 1996
The connection between MMR and autism
The Claims on linking MMR to Autism --Affects brain development --This affect results in the impairment of social interaction and communication abilities. --excess neurons --disturbed neuronal migration --autoantibodies The Andrew Wakefield study was the first major study to pinpoint this association, and caused a large scare in the UK. Led to a decrease in immunization rates in the UK. The paper was published in the Lancet, but was later retracted by 10 of the 13 authors because of supposed falsified data. The CDC, National Science Academy, and other nationally-funded departments claim that there is no link between the MMR vaccine and autism. This is a bunch of bullshit though, and I believe they're the ones falsifying information There is an exponential increase in the number of children diagnosed with autism... which is most likely a result of the increase in the percentage of children being vaccinated --However it is stated that the graphs that indicate the rise in autistic children after the introduction of the MMR vaccine in CA, do not account for the rise in population, the change in autism diagnostics in 1980s, and the trend to diagnose children of a younger age. `
Adverse Reactions to the MMR Vaccine
The most common adverse reactions include a fever (10%), temporary joint pain, and aseptic meningitis (very rare) The MMR vaccine has also been linked to Autism.
The symptoms of Mumps
The mumps virus attacks glandular tissues, resulting in the swelling and pain of the salivary gland. Other Glandular tissues that are effected include testicular swelling (leads to infertility or subfertility). It can, but rarely does, lead to encephalitis or meningitis. Symptoms also include a fever, headache and sore throat. Rarely ever results in death, this is because THE MUMPS DISEASE IS SELF-LIMITING
Measles-Mumps-Rubella (MMR) Vaccine
The vaccination that is used in the US and is usually administered around the age of 1 year (the other slide said 18 months). It is extremely effective in protecting against the infections of all diseases. The rate of infection decreases by an incredible amount, for each disease, right after the vaccine has been licensed The MMR vaccine is a mixture of the 3 live attenuated viruses. --The Measles and Mumps attenuated viruses are produced in embryonated hen's egg and chick embryo cells --Rubella virus--German Measles (major risk for fetus). The virus belongs to the Togaviridae family (which is a single-stranded RNA virus). Unlike the other viruses, it is grown in WI-38 Cells, which is embryonic lung tissue.
