Muscles

RECTUS ABDOMINIS: Antagonist

Obliques (both)

GASTROCNEMIUS: Action

Plantar flexes foot. Flexes knee

Origin - Posterior Side of Femur Insertion - Calcaneus ACTION?

Plantarflexion

RECTUS ABDOMINIS: Origin

Pubic crest and pubic symphysis

SARTORIUS: Synergist

Quadriceps (Flexion) T. fascia latae (Abduction)

PECTORALIS MINOR: Origin

3, 4, 5 ribs

RECTUS ABDOMINIS: Insertion

5, 6, 7 costal cartilages, medial inferiorcostal margin and posterior aspect of xiphoid

PLATYSMA: Action

Depresses and wrinkles skin of lower face and mouth. Aids forced depression of mandible

MASSETER: Antagonist

Digastric

TEMPORALIS: Synergist

Digastric

Origin - anterior side of tibia Insertion - dorsal side of metatarsals ACTION?

Dorsalflexion

ORBICULARIS OCULI: Antagonist

Levator palpebrae superioris

GASTROCNEMIUS: Region

Lower leg

TEMPORALIS: Antagonist

Masseter

PLATYSMA: Antagonist

Masseter, Temporalis

TEMPORALIS: Insertion

Medial and anterior aspect of coronoid process of mandible

PECTORALIS MINOR: Insertion

Medial and upper surface of coracoid process of scapula

ORBICULARIS OCULI: Origin

Medial orbital margin and lacrimal sac (orbital, palpebral and lacrimal parts)

ORBICULARIS ORIS: Insertion

Mucous membrane of margin of lips and raphe with buccinator at modiolus

Isometric Contraction

Muscle prevented from shortening; tension develops at constant muscle length

Isotonic Contraction

Muscle tension remains constant as muscle changes length

Cardiac Muscle Tissue

Muscles of the heart, Short, branching cells, Mononucleated, Faintly striated, Involuntary, myogenic. Cardiac muscle cells are faintly striated, branching cells, which connect by means of intercalated disks to form a functional network.

ORBICULARIS ORIS: Action

Narrows orifice of mouth, purses lips and puckers lip edges

ORBICULARIS ORIS: Origin

Near midline on anterior surface of maxilla and mandible and modiolus at angle of mouth

Origin - sternum Insertion - mandible ACTION?

Neck flexion

Origin - thoracic vertebrae Insertion - occipital ACTION?

Neck hypertension

RECTUS ABDOMINIS: Region

Abdomen

Origin - anterior ribs Insertion - proximal end of humerus ACTION?

Adduction, medial rotation

BRACHIALIS: Origin

Anterior lower half of humerus and medial and lateral intermuscular septa

MASSETER: Origin

Anterior two thirds of zygomatic arch and zygomatic process of maxilla

Skeletal Muscle Tissue

Attached to bones and responsible for their movement, Long cylindrical cells, Multinucleated, Striated, voluntary

Endomysium

Between the muscle fibers

BRACHIALIS: Synergist

Biceps

SARTORIUS: Antagonist

Biceps femoris (Flexion) Gracilis (Abduction)

Perimysium

Binds a bunch of fascicles

Epimysium

Binds bunches of fascicles together

ORBICULARIS OCULI: Action

Closes eyelids, aids passage and drainage of tears

BRACHIALIS: Insertion

Coronoid process and tuberosity of ulna

MASSETER: Insertion

Coronoid process of the mandible and lower ramus of mandible

Nervous System Control of Muscle Tension

Each muscle fiber is controlled by only one motor neuron BUT Each motor neuron may form synapses with many muscle fibers Motor unit = 1 motor neuron + all muscle fibers it controls Contraction of single skeletal muscle fiber is all-or-none BUT Contraction of a whole muscle can be graded

MASSETER: Action

Elevates mandible (enables forced closure of mouth)

TEMPORALIS: Action

Elevates mandible and posterior fibers retract

PECTORALIS MINOR: Action

Elevates ribs if scapula fixed, protracts scapula (assists serratus anterior)

Origin - Ventral Side of Ulna Insertion - Ventral Side of Third Phalanx ACTION?

Finger Flexion

BRACHIALIS: Action

Flexes elbow

RECTUS ABDOMINIS: Action

Flexes trunk, aids forced expiration and raise intra-abdominal pressure

SARTORIUS: Action

Flexes, abducts, laterally rotates thigh at hip. Flexes, medially rotates leg at knee

MASSETER: Region

Head

ORBICULARIS OCULI: Region

Head

ORBICULARIS ORIS: Region

Head

PLATYSMA: Region

Head

TEMPORALIS: Region

Head

RECTUS ABDOMINIS: Synergist

Iliocostalis thoracis and iliocostalis iumborum

SARTORIUS: Origin

Immediately below anterior superior iliac spine

PLATYSMA: Insertion

Inferior border of mandible and skin over lower face and angle of mouth

Origin - posterior side of pelvic girdle Insertion - posterior side of fibula ACTION?

Knee flexion

GASTROCNEMIUS: Origin

Lateral head: posterior surface of lateral condyle of femur and highest of three facets on lateral condyle. medial head: posterior surface of femur above medial condyle

ORBICULARIS OCULI: Insertion

Lateral palpebral raphe

Smooth Muscle Tissue

Single Unit: GI, Respiratory, & Genitourinary tract mucous membranes. Multi-unit: smooth muscle in blood vessel walls. Small oblong cells, Mononucleated, Involuntary, myogenic Smooth muscle cells connect to form single-unit syncytia similar to cardiac muscle. But impulses and contractions occur much more slowly in smooth than in cardiac muscle.

PLATYSMA: Origin

Skin over lower neck and upper lateral chest

GASTROCNEMIUS: Synergist

Soleus

PLATYSMA: Synergist

Sternocleidomastiod

TEMPORALIS: Origin

Temporal fossa between inferior temporal line and infratemporal crest

MASSETER: Synergist

Temporalis

GASTROCNEMIUS: Insertion

Tendo calcaneus to middle of three facets on posterior aspect of calcaneus

PECTORALIS MINOR: Region

Thorax

GASTROCNEMIUS: Antagonist

Tibialis anterior

BRACHIALIS: Antagonist

Triceps

BRACHIALIS: Region

Upper arm

SARTORIUS: Region

Upper leg

SARTORIUS: Insertion

Upper medial surface of shaft of tibia

Origin - Dorsal Side of Radius Insertion - Dorsal Side of Metacarpals ACTION?

Wrist extention

ORBICULARIS OCULI: Synergist

Zygomaticus

Sarcomere

basic contractile units of muscle

ORBICULARIS ORIS: Antagonist

none

ORBICULARIS ORIS: Synergist

none

Muscle Contraction

protein filaments interact physically to shorten the length of a muscle

PECTORALIS MINOR: Antagonist

rhomboideus, levator, scapulae

Muscle Action

skeletal systems transform muscle contraction into movement

PECTORALIS MINOR: Synergist

spino-trapezius