Muscles
RECTUS ABDOMINIS: Antagonist
Obliques (both)
GASTROCNEMIUS: Action
Plantar flexes foot. Flexes knee
Origin - Posterior Side of Femur Insertion - Calcaneus ACTION?
Plantarflexion
RECTUS ABDOMINIS: Origin
Pubic crest and pubic symphysis
SARTORIUS: Synergist
Quadriceps (Flexion) T. fascia latae (Abduction)
PECTORALIS MINOR: Origin
3, 4, 5 ribs
RECTUS ABDOMINIS: Insertion
5, 6, 7 costal cartilages, medial inferiorcostal margin and posterior aspect of xiphoid
PLATYSMA: Action
Depresses and wrinkles skin of lower face and mouth. Aids forced depression of mandible
MASSETER: Antagonist
Digastric
TEMPORALIS: Synergist
Digastric
Origin - anterior side of tibia Insertion - dorsal side of metatarsals ACTION?
Dorsalflexion
ORBICULARIS OCULI: Antagonist
Levator palpebrae superioris
GASTROCNEMIUS: Region
Lower leg
TEMPORALIS: Antagonist
Masseter
PLATYSMA: Antagonist
Masseter, Temporalis
TEMPORALIS: Insertion
Medial and anterior aspect of coronoid process of mandible
PECTORALIS MINOR: Insertion
Medial and upper surface of coracoid process of scapula
ORBICULARIS OCULI: Origin
Medial orbital margin and lacrimal sac (orbital, palpebral and lacrimal parts)
ORBICULARIS ORIS: Insertion
Mucous membrane of margin of lips and raphe with buccinator at modiolus
Isometric Contraction
Muscle prevented from shortening; tension develops at constant muscle length
Isotonic Contraction
Muscle tension remains constant as muscle changes length
Cardiac Muscle Tissue
Muscles of the heart, Short, branching cells, Mononucleated, Faintly striated, Involuntary, myogenic. Cardiac muscle cells are faintly striated, branching cells, which connect by means of intercalated disks to form a functional network.
ORBICULARIS ORIS: Action
Narrows orifice of mouth, purses lips and puckers lip edges
ORBICULARIS ORIS: Origin
Near midline on anterior surface of maxilla and mandible and modiolus at angle of mouth
Origin - sternum Insertion - mandible ACTION?
Neck flexion
Origin - thoracic vertebrae Insertion - occipital ACTION?
Neck hypertension
RECTUS ABDOMINIS: Region
Abdomen
Origin - anterior ribs Insertion - proximal end of humerus ACTION?
Adduction, medial rotation
BRACHIALIS: Origin
Anterior lower half of humerus and medial and lateral intermuscular septa
MASSETER: Origin
Anterior two thirds of zygomatic arch and zygomatic process of maxilla
Skeletal Muscle Tissue
Attached to bones and responsible for their movement, Long cylindrical cells, Multinucleated, Striated, voluntary
Endomysium
Between the muscle fibers
BRACHIALIS: Synergist
Biceps
SARTORIUS: Antagonist
Biceps femoris (Flexion) Gracilis (Abduction)
Perimysium
Binds a bunch of fascicles
Epimysium
Binds bunches of fascicles together
ORBICULARIS OCULI: Action
Closes eyelids, aids passage and drainage of tears
BRACHIALIS: Insertion
Coronoid process and tuberosity of ulna
MASSETER: Insertion
Coronoid process of the mandible and lower ramus of mandible
Nervous System Control of Muscle Tension
Each muscle fiber is controlled by only one motor neuron BUT Each motor neuron may form synapses with many muscle fibers Motor unit = 1 motor neuron + all muscle fibers it controls Contraction of single skeletal muscle fiber is all-or-none BUT Contraction of a whole muscle can be graded
MASSETER: Action
Elevates mandible (enables forced closure of mouth)
TEMPORALIS: Action
Elevates mandible and posterior fibers retract
PECTORALIS MINOR: Action
Elevates ribs if scapula fixed, protracts scapula (assists serratus anterior)
Origin - Ventral Side of Ulna Insertion - Ventral Side of Third Phalanx ACTION?
Finger Flexion
BRACHIALIS: Action
Flexes elbow
RECTUS ABDOMINIS: Action
Flexes trunk, aids forced expiration and raise intra-abdominal pressure
SARTORIUS: Action
Flexes, abducts, laterally rotates thigh at hip. Flexes, medially rotates leg at knee
MASSETER: Region
Head
ORBICULARIS OCULI: Region
Head
ORBICULARIS ORIS: Region
Head
PLATYSMA: Region
Head
TEMPORALIS: Region
Head
RECTUS ABDOMINIS: Synergist
Iliocostalis thoracis and iliocostalis iumborum
SARTORIUS: Origin
Immediately below anterior superior iliac spine
PLATYSMA: Insertion
Inferior border of mandible and skin over lower face and angle of mouth
Origin - posterior side of pelvic girdle Insertion - posterior side of fibula ACTION?
Knee flexion
GASTROCNEMIUS: Origin
Lateral head: posterior surface of lateral condyle of femur and highest of three facets on lateral condyle. medial head: posterior surface of femur above medial condyle
ORBICULARIS OCULI: Insertion
Lateral palpebral raphe
Smooth Muscle Tissue
Single Unit: GI, Respiratory, & Genitourinary tract mucous membranes. Multi-unit: smooth muscle in blood vessel walls. Small oblong cells, Mononucleated, Involuntary, myogenic Smooth muscle cells connect to form single-unit syncytia similar to cardiac muscle. But impulses and contractions occur much more slowly in smooth than in cardiac muscle.
PLATYSMA: Origin
Skin over lower neck and upper lateral chest
GASTROCNEMIUS: Synergist
Soleus
PLATYSMA: Synergist
Sternocleidomastiod
TEMPORALIS: Origin
Temporal fossa between inferior temporal line and infratemporal crest
MASSETER: Synergist
Temporalis
GASTROCNEMIUS: Insertion
Tendo calcaneus to middle of three facets on posterior aspect of calcaneus
PECTORALIS MINOR: Region
Thorax
GASTROCNEMIUS: Antagonist
Tibialis anterior
BRACHIALIS: Antagonist
Triceps
BRACHIALIS: Region
Upper arm
SARTORIUS: Region
Upper leg
SARTORIUS: Insertion
Upper medial surface of shaft of tibia
Origin - Dorsal Side of Radius Insertion - Dorsal Side of Metacarpals ACTION?
Wrist extention
ORBICULARIS OCULI: Synergist
Zygomaticus
Sarcomere
basic contractile units of muscle
ORBICULARIS ORIS: Antagonist
none
ORBICULARIS ORIS: Synergist
none
Muscle Contraction
protein filaments interact physically to shorten the length of a muscle
PECTORALIS MINOR: Antagonist
rhomboideus, levator, scapulae
Muscle Action
skeletal systems transform muscle contraction into movement
PECTORALIS MINOR: Synergist
spino-trapezius
