Muscles of mastication (practical 2)
Mandibular
All the muscles of mastication are innervated by branches of what nerve?
Lateral pterygoid muscles
Name the only muscle of mastication that does not elevate the mandible
Upper and lower
Name the two heads of the lateral pterygoids
Deep and superficial
Name the two heads of the medial pterygoids
1st
What pharyngeal arch are the muscles of mastication derived from Embryologically?
The upper head originates from the roof of the infratemporal fossa whilst the lower head originates from the lateral surface of the lateral plate of the pterygoid process. Inserts onto the capsule of the temporomandibular joint.
Where do the lateral pterygoid muscles originate and insert?
Deep head originates from the medial surface of the lateral pterygoid process and the pyramidal process of the palatine bone. The superficial head originates from the tuberosity of the maxilla and the pyramidal process of the palatine bone. Inserts onto the medial surface of the mandible, close to the angle.
Where do the medial pterygoid muscles originate and insert?
Originates from both the zygomatic arch and the maxillary process of the zygomatic bone. Inserts onto the lateral surface of the ramus of the mandible.
Where does the masseter muscle originate and insert?
Foramen ovale
How does the motor root of the mandibular nerve exit the skull?
Maxillary process of zygomatic bone; the masseter muscle
Identify this feature of the skull and note what attaches here
Pyramidal process of the palatine bone; the deep and superficial head of the medial pterygoids
Identify this feature of the skull and note what attaches here
Tuberosity of the maxilla; the superficial head to the medial pterygoids
Identify this feature of the skull and note what attaches here
Lateral pterygoid muscle; lateral pterygoid nerve
Identify this muscle and name the branch of the mandibular nerve that innervates it
Masseter muscle; masseteric nerve
Identify this muscle and name the branch of the mandibular nerve that innervates it
Medial pterygoid muscle; the main trunk of the mandibular nerve
Identify this muscle and name the branch of the mandibular nerve that innervates it
Temporalis muscle; deep temporal nerves
Identify this muscle and name the branch of the mandibular nerve that innervates it
Lateral pterygoid; protrudes the mandible and moves the mandible side to side
Identify this muscle and outline its function
Masseter; elevates the mandible
Identify this muscle and outline its function
Medial pterygoid; elevates the mandible and moves the mandible side to side
Identify this muscle and outline its function
Temporalis; elevates and retracts the mandible
Identify this muscle and outline its function
Temporalis, masseter and medial pterygoid
Name the muscles of mastication that have the ability to elevate the mandible?
Originates from the bone of the temporal fossa and the temporal fascia. Inserts onto the coronoid process of the mandible and the anterior margin of the mandible
Where does the temporalis muscle originate and insert?
Lateral and medial pterygoid muscles
Which muscles of mastication can move the mandible side to side?
Closes the mouth
With reference to the mouth, what is the effect of 'elevating' the mandible?
