Muscular System (Ch. 10)
the prime mover of the hip extension against resistance is the a) gluteus maximus b) gluteus medius c) biceps femoris d) semimembranosus
a) gluteus maximus
What is a muscle that provides the major force for producing a specific movement called? an antagonist a synergist a fixator an agonist (prime mover)
an agonist (prime mover)
Which of the following is NOT used as a criterion for naming muscles? the shape of the muscle the location of the muscle the nervous system's control of the muscle the number of origins for the muscle the locations of the muscle attachments
the nervous system's control of the muscle Whether the muscle is controlled by the involuntary or voluntary nervous system is not a criterion used for naming muscles.
The supraspinatus is named for its location on the posterior aspect of the scapula above the spine. What is its action?
to initiate abduction of the arm, to stabilize the shoulder joint and to help prevent downward dislocation of the humerus
Which of these is not a way of classifying muscles?
B) the type of muscle fibers
Identify the extensor digitorum longus muscle. A B C D
C The extensor digitorum longus is on the anterolateral surface of the leg; it is lateral to the tibialis anterior muscle.
The deltoid is a prime mover of the arm that acts in adduction.
False
The external intercostals elevate the rib cage during __________. expiration neither inspiration nor expiration inspiration both expiration and inspiration
inspiration
The flexor hallucis longus muscle originates on the __________.
interosseous membrane
The hamstring muscles originate on the __________.
ischial tuberosity
Which of the following muscles does NOT act in plantar flexion?
popliteus
The infraspinatus muscle is included in the __________ muscles. rotator cuff medial rotator lateral rotator respiratory muscles of the shoulder
rotator cuff
The main forearm extensor is the __________. coracobrachialis triceps brachii brachilais biceps brachii
triceps brachii The main forearm (elbow) extensor is the triceps brachii.
Match the muscle names in column B to the facial muscles described in column A Column A Column B ____(1) squints the eyes (a) corrugator supercilii ____(2) raises the eyebrows (b) depressor anguli oris ____(3) smiling muscle (c) frontal belly of epicranius ____(4) puckers the lips (d) occipital belly of epicranius ____(5) pulls the scalp (e) orbicularis oculi posteriorly (f) orbicularis oris (g) zygomaticus
(1) e orbicularis oculi (2) c frontal belly of epicranius (3) g zygomaticus (4) f orbicularis oris (5) d depressor anguli
Which letter represents the biceps brachii muscle?
A
Which muscle is the prime mover of arm abduction (assuming all fibers are used)?
A
Which letter represents the biceps brachii muscle? A B C D
A The biceps brachii is a two-headed fusiform muscle. The tendon of the long head helps to stabilize the shoulder joint.
Which muscle is a prime mover of arm abduction? A B C D
A This muscle originates along the spine and ribs and inserts into the humerus. It is a powerful actor during chin-ups.
Which of the following statements is correct regarding muscle position and its related action? - A muscle that crosses the ankle joint anteriorly produces flexion. - A muscle that crosses on the posterior side of the knee joint produces flexion. - The latissimus dorsi crosses the posterior side of the shoulder joint to produce flexion. - The pectoralis major crosses on the anterior side of the shoulder joint to produce extension.
A muscle that crosses on the posterior side of the knee joint produces flexion.
Which of the following best describes the orbicularis oris?
A) It closes, purses, and protrudes the lips.
When the term biceps, triceps, or quadriceps forms part of a muscle's name, what does it tell you about the muscle?
A) The muscle has two, three, or four origins, respectively.
Which type of lever is demonstrated by using scissors?
A) a first-class lever
A muscle that opposes, or reverses, a particular movement is a(n) ________.
A) antagonist
What muscle is primarily responsible for preventing foot drop?
A) extensor digitorum longus
Which of the following is not a member of the hamstrings?
A) gracilis
Paralysis of which of the following muscles would make an individual unable to flex the knee?
A) hamstring muscles
If a lever operates at a mechanical disadvantage, it means that the ________.
A) load is far from the fulcrum and the effort is applied near the fulcrum
Which of the following muscles does not act in plantar flexion?
A) popliteus
The most powerful muscle in the body is the ________.
A) quadriceps femoris
Which group of muscles flexes and rotates the neck?
A) the scalenes
Which of the following muscles is involved in inversion at the ankle joint?
A) tibialis anterior
Which of the following muscles is not a member of the hamstrings group?
A) vastus intermedius
What do the geniohyoid, hyoglossus, and stylohyoid muscles have in common? - All act on the tongue. - All names indicate the relative size of the muscle. -All names reflect direction of muscle fibers. -Each acts synergistically to elevate the jaw.
All act on the tongue.
What do the genioglossus, hyoglossus, and styloglossus muscles have in common?
All of them act on Tongue
Which of the following describes the suprahyoid muscles
Are a group of muscles that lie superior to the hyoid bone and help form the floor of the oral cavity
Which muscle helps a person to cross a leg when seated (place one's lateral ankle on the opposite knee)? *
B
Which of the following letters represents the sartorius muscle?
B
Which of the muscles indicated by letters has action at only one joint?
B
Which of the following muscles is involved in crossing one leg over the other while in a sitting position?
B) the sartorius
Which muscle group is involved when a "pulled groin" occurs?
B) thigh adductors
The supraspinatus is named for its location on the posterior aspect of the scapula above the spine. What is its action?
B) to stabilize the shoulder joint and help prevent downward location of the humerus and to assist in abduction
Identify the extensor digitorum longus muscle.
C
Identify the palmaris longus muscle. *
C
Which muscle is an antagonist to the biceps brachii muscle?
D
Which muscle is innervated by the S3 nerve, S4 nerve, and the inferior rectal nerve (a branch of the pudendal nerve)?
D
Which muscle is known as the "boxer's muscle" for its ability to move the arm horizontally, as in throwing a punch?
D
Which muscle is the prime mover of dorsiflexion? *
D
Which muscle originates on the pubic crest and symphysis and inserts on the xiphoid process and costal cartilages of ribs V through VII?
D
Which muscle provides a guide to the position of the radial artery at the wrist for taking the pulse? *
D
Spasms of this straplike muscle often result in wryneck or torticollis.
D) sternocleidomastoid
Which of the following muscles serves as a common intramuscular injection site, particularly in infants?
D) the vastus lateralis
A muscle that crosses the posterior side of a joint will always cause extension.
False
A pair of tweezers is a good example of a second-class lever.
False
Muscles that help to maintain posture are best described as synergists.
Fasle
Which description of a muscle action is NOT correct?
Fixators hold joints in place, so movement does not occur.
What is the action of the muscle identified by the letter A? *
It abducts and medially rotates the thigh and steadies the pelvis. It is an extremely important muscle for walking.
Which of the following best describes the orbicularis oris?
It closes, purses, and protrudes the lips
Which of the following best describes the orbicularis oris? - It pulls the lower lip down and back. - It closes the eye. - It closes, purses, and protrudes the lips. - It draws the eyebrows together.
It closes, purses, and protrudes the lips.
Donna was rushing to class and slipped on a patch of ice and fell backward. An x-ray revealed a broken coccyx. All the associated muscles were bruised. Which muscles were they? -Coccygeus and gluteus maximus - Levator ani and coccygeus - Ischiocavernosus, coccygeus, and gluteus maximus - Gluteus maximus, coccygeus, and levator ani - Perineal muscle, levator ani, and coccygeus
Levator ani and coccygeus Ischiocavernosus,
Differentiate between the arrangement of elements (load, fulcrum, and effort) in first, second, third class levers
Load is resistance moved by effort Fulcrum is the point in which the lever moves from Effort is force supplied by muscle contraction applied to lever to move load
Name 4 criteria used in naming muscles, and provide an example
Location; bone or body region associated w the muscles Shape; deltoid muscle deltoid=triangle Relative size; maximus largest minimus smallest, longs long Direction of fibers or fascicles; rectus fibers run straight, Transversus and oblique fibers run at angles.
Synergist
Muscle that aids another by promoting the same movement.
Agonist
Muscle that is primarily responsible for bringing about a particular movement.
Antagonist
Muscle that opposes and reverses the action of another muscle.
Fixator
Muscle that stabilizes the origin of another muscle.
Which of the following statements about muscles of the elbow joint is true?
None of these statements is correct.
Which of the following statements about muscles of the elbow joint is true? The biceps brachii is a posterior extensor. The brachioradialis originates and inserts on the ulna. The biceps brachii has two heads that share the same origin site. None of these statements is correct.
None of these statements is correct.
piriformis
Origin: anterior surface of sacrum Insertion: upper border of greater trochanter of femur Action: laterally rotates and abducts thigh Innervation: ventral rami of S1-S2
iliococcygeus
Origin: arcus tendineus levator ani and the ischial spine Insertion: anococcygeal raphe and the coccyx Action: elevates the pelvic floor Innervation: branches of the ventral primary rami of spinal nerves S3-S4 Artery: inferior gluteal a.
male bulbospongiosus
Origin: central tendinous point and the midline raphe on the bulb of the penis Insertion: perineal membrane, dorsal surface of the corpus spongiosum, deep penile fascia Action: compresses the bulb of the penis, compresses the spongy urethra Innervation: deep branch of the perineal nerve (from pudendal nerve) Artery: perineal a. Notes: expels the last drops of urine from urethra; expels semen during ejaculation
Which of the following statements is FALSE?
The hamstrings are prime movers of hip (thigh) flexion and knee (leg) flexion.
Which of the following statements is FALSE? Which of the following statements is FALSE? The hamstrings are fleshy muscles of the posterior thigh. The hamstrings are prime movers of hip (thigh) flexion and knee (leg) flexion. The hamstrings cross the hip and knee joints. The medial hamstrings promote medial knee (leg) rotation.
The hamstrings are prime movers of hip (thigh) flexion and knee (leg) flexion. The hamstrings are prime movers of hip (thigh) extension, not hip flexion. They are also prime movers of knee (leg) flexion.
The names of muscles often indicate the action of the muscle. What does the term levator mean? -The muscle elevates and/or adducts a region. - The muscle functions as a synergist. -The muscle is a fixator and stabilizes a bone or joint. -The muscle flexes and rotates a region.
The muscle elevates and/or adducts a region.
The names of muscles often indicate the action of the muscle. What does the term levator mean
The muscle elevates.
When the term biceps, triceps, or quadriceps forms part of a muscle's name, what does it tell you about the muscle?
The muscle has two, three or four origins, respectively
When the term biceps, triceps, or quadriceps forms part of a muscle's name, what does it tell you about the muscle? - The muscle has two, three, or four origins, respectively. - The muscle has two, three, or four functions, respectively. - The muscle has two, three, or four insertions, respectively. - The muscle is able to change direction twice, three times, or four times faster than other muscles, respectively.
The muscle has two, three, or four origins, respectively.
Which of the following statements is correct?
The number of muscle fibers best determines how powerful a muscle will be.
Which of the following statements is correct? - The more a muscle shortens, the more power it generates. - The number of muscle fibers best determines how powerful a muscle will be. - Muscle fibers running in parallel arrangement generate more power. -Multipennate muscles do not produce much power because the fibers run in many directions.
The number of muscle fibers best determines how powerful a muscle will be.
Which of the following statements about muscles of the forearm is true?
The pronator teres originates on the medial epicondyle and inserts on the radius.
Which of the following statements about muscles of the forearm is true? The pronator quadratus originates on the radius and inserts on the ulna. The pronator teres originates on the medial epicondyle and inserts on the radius. Contraction of the pronator quadratus and the supinator results in forearm pronation. The pronator quadratus is a two-headed muscle.
The pronator teres originates on the medial epicondyle and inserts on the radius.
Focus your attention on sections (c) and (d) in Focus Figure 10.1. Which of the following statements is correct regarding muscle position and its related action? - A muscle that crosses on the lateral side of the hip joint produces adduction. - A muscle that crosses the ankle joint posteriorly produces adduction. - The deltoid crosses the shoulder joint medially to produce abduction. - The teres major crosses on the medial side of the shoulder joint to produce adduction.
The teres major crosses on the medial side of the shoulder joint to produce adduction.
Which of the following describes the suprahyoid muscles? - They depress the larynx and hyoid bone if the mandible is fixed. - They are often called strap muscles. - They move the pharynx superiorly during swallowing. - They are a group of muscles that lie superior to the hyoid bone and help form the floor of the oral cavity.
They are a group of muscles that lie superior to the hyoid bone and help form the floor of the oral cavity.
The calcaneal tendon (Achilles tendon) is the largest tendon in the body
True
The calcaneal tendon (Achilles tendon) is the largest, strongest tendon in the body.
True
The diaphragm flattens and moves inferiorly during inspiration.
True
Which type of lever is demonstrated by using scissors? a first-class lever a second-class lever a third-class lever a fourth-class lever
a first-class lever
A muscle that assists an agonist by causing a like movement or by stabilizing a joint over which an agonist acts is
a synergist
What type of muscle assists an agonist by causing a like movement or by stabilizing a joint over which an agonist acts? an agonist a synergist an antagonist a prime mover
a synergist
The prime mover of inspiration is the a) diaphragm b) internal intercostals c) external intercostals d) abdominal wall muscles
a) diaphragm
Movement of the shoulder laterally away from the body is called __________. flexion extension abduction adduction
abduction
One of the actions of the latissimus dorsi muscle is to __________. abduct the arm adduct the arm lateral rotation of the arm flex the arm
adduct the arm
A reduction in the lateral angle of the glenohumeral joint in relation to the anatomical position would be called __________. adduction abduction flexion extension
adduction
Which of the following muscles is a flexor of the thigh?
adductor magnus
What is a muscle that provides the major force for producing a specific movement called?
an agonist (prime mover)
The smallest of the posterior extensors of the elbow joint is the __________.
anconeus
The smallest of the posterior extensors of the elbow joint is the __________. brachioradialis triceps brachii anconeus biceps brachii
anconeus
A muscle that opposes, or reverses, a particular movement is a(n) ________. agonist (prime mover) synergist antagonist fixator
antagonist
Which functional group has the major responsibility for countering a specific movement? antagonists fixators agonists synergists
antagonists
The deltoid muscle fibers are separated into __________. superior, middle, and inferior anterior, middle, and posterior lateral, medial, and proximal superficial and deep
anterior, middle, and posterior
A prime mover of hip flexion is the a) rectus femoris b) iliopsoas c) vastus muscles d) gluteus maximus
b) iliopsoas
Several muscles act to move and/or stabilize the scapula.Which of the following are small rectangular muscles that square the shoulders as they act together to retract the scapula a) levator scapulae b) rhomboids c) serratus anterior d) trapezius
b) rhomboids
Forearm supination is assisted by the __________.
biceps brachii
Which muscle is represented by the letter D?
biceps femoris
Which of the following is a hamstring muscle? vastus lateralis rectus femoris biceps femoris vastus medialis
biceps femoris The hamstrings are fleshy muscles of the posterior thigh (biceps femoris, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus). They cross both the hip and knee joints and are prime movers of thigh extension and knee flexion.
A nursing infant develops a powerful sucking muscle that adults also use for whistling. What is this muscle called? buccinator platysma masseter zygomaticus
buccinator
Muscles that depress the hyoid bone and larynx include all but the a) sternohyoid b) omohyoid c) geniohyoid d) sternothyroid
c) geniohyoid
The deep posterior extensor of the wrist and fingers __________.
controls the thumb and index finger
The deep posterior extensor of the wrist and fingers __________. controls the index finger and wrist controls the thumb and wrist controls all four digits controls the thumb and index finger
controls the thumb and index finger
Which of the following are correctly matched? -circular arrangement of fascicles; describes the deltoid muscle -parallel arrangement of fascicles; characteristic of sphincter muscles - convergent arrangement of fascicles; fan-shaped muscle - pennate arrangement of fascicles; spindle-shaped muscle
convergent arrangement of fascicles; fan-shaped muscle
The coracobrachialis muscle originates on the __________.
coracoid process of the scapula
The quadriceps include all but a) vastus lateralis b) vastus intermedius c) vastus medialis d) biceps femoris e) rectus femoris
d) biceps femoris
In walking, which two lower limb muscles keep the forward-swinging foot from dragging on the ground a) pronator teres and popliteus b) flexor digitorum longus and popliteus c) abductor longus and abductor digiti minimi in foot d) gluteus medius and tibialis anterior
d) gluteus medius and tibialis anterior
The chewing muscles that protruded the mandible and produce side-to-side grinding movements are the a) buccinators b) masseters c) temporalis d) pyterygoids
d) pyterygoids
As the prime mover of arm abduction, the middle fibers of the ______ contract to move the arm laterally away from the body.
deltoid
Which of the following muscles is shown on this image but is NOT indicated with a letter? teres major latissimus dorsi levator scapulae deltoid
deltoid The deltoid, located in the upper right hand of the image, originates at the acromion of the scapula and inserts into the deltoid tuberosity of the humerus.
The muscle that divides the ventral body cavity into the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities is the __________.
diaphragm
The prime mover of inspiration is the
diaphragm
The origin of the external obliques includes ribs __________. five through twelve eight through twelve seven through twelve six through twelve
five through twelve
Which muscle of the wrist and fingers is a deep anterior flexor? flexor digitorum superficialis flexor pollicis longus palmaris longus flexor carpi ulnaris
flexor pollicis longus
The actions of the internal intercostals are most important during __________. forced expiration normal inspiration normal expiration forced inspiration
forced expiration
Wrist abduction occurs through the actions of __________ muscles. four two three five
four
The insertion of the extensor digitorum branches into __________. three tendons two tendons four tendons five tendons
four tendons
Which of the following muscles is most responsible for moving the leg laterally away from the body, such as when taking a side step? biceps femoris gluteus maximus adductor magnus gluteus medius
gluteus medius
Which muscle is a synergist of the adductor group for adducting the thighs? sartorius biceps femoris gluteus maximus gracilis
gracilis
The infraspinatus inserts on the ____________ of the humerus. acromial process of the scapula lesser tubercle of the humerus greater tubercle of the humerus coranoid process of the scapula
greater tubercle of the humerus
Paralysis of which of the following muscles would make an individual unable to flex the knee? hamstring muscles soleus brachioradialis gluteal muscles
hamstring muscles
Fill in blank: The abnormal protrusion of the small intestine through a weak point in the muscle of the abdominal wall is called a ________.
hernia
The abnormal protrusion of the small intestine through a weak point in the muscle of the abdominal wall is called a ________. pulled muscle sprain hernia hyperextension
hernia
Paralysis of which of the following would make an individual unable to flex the thigh? soleus iliopsoas and rectus femoris biceps femoris vastus medialis
iliopsoas and rectus femoris
The iliacus and the psoas major muscles are collectively known as the ____________ muscle because they share a common insertion on the __________ of the femur.
iliopsoas; lesser trochanter
The majority of the fibers of the gluteus maximus insert onto the __________. superior border of the os coxae gluteal tuberosity iliotibial tract inferior border of the os coxae
iliotibial tract
First-class levers
in the body can operate at a mechanical advantage or mechanical disadvantage, depending on specific location
First-class levers ________. - are used when standing on tip-toe - in the body can operate at a mechanical advantage or mechanical disadvantage, depending on specific location - have load at one end of the lever, fulcrum at the other, and effort applied somewhere in the middle - are typified by tweezers or forceps
in the body can operate at a mechanical advantage or mechanical disadvantage, depending on specific location
The origin of the long head of the triceps brachii is on the __________.
infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula
The origin of the long head of the triceps brachii is on the __________. anterior shaft of the humerus infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula olecranon process of the ulna posterior shaft of the humerus
infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula
The transversus abdominus muscle is innervated by the __________. left scapular nerve intercostals nerves inguinal nerve thoracic nerve
intercostals nerves
Which muscle(s) is (are) contracted to exhale forcibly? internal intercostals and rectus abdominus external intercostals and diaphragm diaphragm alone rectus abdominis and diaphragm
internal intercostals and rectus abdominus
What is the name and origin of the muscle at A?
ischiocavernosus; ischial tuberosities
What is the name and origin of the muscle at A? superficial transverse perineal; ischial tuberosity ischiocavernosus; ischial tuberosities coccygeus; spine of the ischium bulbospongiosus; central tendon of perineum
ischiocavernosus; ischial tuberosities The ischiocavernosus retards venous drainage and maintains the erection of the penis or clitoris. It originates at the ischial tuberosities and inserts into the crura of the penis or clitoris.
The origins of the lateral head of the gastrocnemius muscle are the __________. - medial condyle and posterior surface of the femur -lateral condyle and posterior surface of the femur - patellar surface and anterior surface of the femur -patellar surface and posterior surface of the femur
lateral condyle and posterior surface of the femur
The _______ and deltoid posterior fibers are prime movers of arm extension.
latissimus dorsi
Which of the following is NOT a muscle primarily involved in the breathing process?
latissimus dorsi
Which of the following is not a muscle primarily involved in the breathing process? external intercostal diaphragm latissimus dorsi internal intercostal
latissimus dorsi
Which of the following muscles is named for its action? gluteus minimus biceps brachii levator labii superioris frontalis
levator labii superioris
Which of the following muscles is named for its action? biceps brachii frontalis gluteus minimus levator labii superioris
levator labii superioris The levator labii superioris is named for its action of elevating the upper lip.
Paralysis of which of the following would make an individual unable to flex the thigh?
liopsoas and rectus femoris iliopsoas - a composite of two closely related muyscles (iliacus adn psoas major) whose fibers pass under the inguinal ligament to insert via a common tendon on the femur. rectus femoris - superfical muscle of anterior thigh.
If a lever operates at a mechanical disadvantage, it means that the
load is far from the fulcrum and the effort is applied near the fulcrum
If a lever operates at a mechanical disadvantage, it means that the ________. - effort is farther than the load from the fulcrum - load is near the fulcrum and the effort is at the distal end - lever system is useless - load is far from the fulcrum and the effort is applied near the fulcrum
load is far from the fulcrum and the effort is applied near the fulcrum
The ________ is the main chewing muscle.
masseter
The ________ is the main chewing muscle. buccinator masseter hyoglossus lateral pterygoid
masseter
Muscles A through D all have an origin in common-- what is it? radial tuberosity lateral aspect of the proximal ulna medial epicondyle of humerus lateral epicondyle of humerus
medial epicondyle of humerus All of the labeled muscles share this origin, although some have additional ones. This position of origin is important so that these muscles may function properly whether the forearm is supinated or pronated.
The masseter muscle originates on the __________. -medial surfaces of the maxilla and the zygomatic arch as well as the inferior border of the zygomatic arch -medial and lateral surfaces of the maxilla and the inferior and superior border of the zygomatic arch - inferior border of the zygomatic arch only - medial surface of maxilla, but not the zygomatic arch
medial surfaces of the maxilla and the zygomatic arch as well as the inferior border of the zygomatic arch
The insertion of the extensor carpi radialis longus muscle is on __________. metacarpal three metacarpal one metacarpal four metacarpal two
metacarpal two
pulls the scalp posteriorly
occipital belly of epicranius
The extensor hallucis longus muscle inserts on digit __________. four one two three
one
Squints the eyes
orbicularis oculi
The palmaris longus inserts on the __________.
palmar aponeurosis
The palmaris longus inserts on the __________. bases of the second and third metacarpals palmar aponeurosis medial epicondyle of the humerus bodies of phalanges 2-5
palmar aponeurosis
The ________ crosses the anterior side of the shoulder joint and is the prime mover of arm flexion.
pectoralis major
Fill in blank: The ________ tightens the neck and draws the corners of the mouth downward as in expressing horror.
platysma
The ________ tightens the neck and draws the corners of the mouth downward as in expressing horror.
platysma
The ________ tightens the neck and draws the corners of the mouth downward as in expressing horror. sternohyoid mentalis platysma sternocleidomastoid
platysma
Which of the following muscles does not act in plantar flexion? tibialis posterior flexor digitorum longus popliteus gastrocnemius and soleus
popliteus
The insertion of the pectineus muscle is __________ and on the __________. posterior; pubis anterior; femur anterior; pubis posterior; femur
posterior; femur
The muscles that extend the forearm are located __________.
posteriorly
The muscles that extend the forearm are located __________. laterally medially anteriorly posteriorly
posteriorly
What are the levers that operate at a mechanical advantage called? speed levers functional levers dysfunctional levers power levers
power levers
The chewing muscles that protrude the mandible and produce side to side girding movements are the
pterygoids
The origins of the rectus abdominus muscle are on the __________. ischial bone sacral bone ileum bone pubic bone
pubic bone
The most powerful muscle in the body is the ________.
quadriceps femoris
All fibers of the triceps brachii are innervated by the __________. humeral nerve radial nerve ulnar nerve axillary nerve
radial nerve
The two heads of the biceps brachii muscle come together distally to insert on the __________.
radial tuberosity
The two heads of the biceps brachii muscle come together distally to insert on the __________. deltoid tuberosity radial tuberosity styloid process of the radius ulnar tuberosity
radial tuberosity
Which of the following movements demonstrates a first-class lever? flexing your knee to raise your heel toward your buttocks lifting a rock with your right hand and arm raising your head up off your chest standing on your toes
raising your head up off your chest Raising your head up off your chest demonstrates a first-class lever. The posterior neck muscles provide the effort, the atlanto-occipital joint is the fulcrum, and the weight to be lifted is the facial skeleton.
Which of the following muscles fixes and depresses the ribs and stabilizes the pelvis during walking? external oblique transversus abdominis rectus abdominis internal oblique
rectus abdominis
Fill in blank: The quadriceps femoris is composed of three "vastus" muscles and the ________.
rectus femoris
The quadriceps femoris is composed of three "vastus" muscles and the ________.
rectus femoris
The quadriceps femoris is composed of three "vastus" muscles and the ________. semimembranosus biceps femoris rectus femoris semitendinosus
rectus femoris
Which of the following are correctly matched? deltoid; at a right angle to the long axis rectus; straight transverse; parallel to the long axis brevis; long
rectus; straight Rectus means "straight."
Which of the following muscles inserts on the tibia? iliopsoas sartorius gluteus medius adductus longus
sartorius
Which of the following muscles is NOT part of the muscle group known as the quadriceps femoris? sartorius vastus lateralis rectus femoris vastus intermedius
sartorius
The anterior muscles of the thigh that originate on the os coxae are __________.
sartorius; rectus femoris
The anterior muscles of the thigh that originate on the os coxae are __________. sartorius; rectus femoris vastus lateralis; vastus medialis rectus femoris; vastus medialis sartorius; vastus medialis
sartorius; rectus femoris
Intrinsic muscles of the back that promote extension of the spine or head include all but
scalene muscles
The ________ is known as the "boxer's muscle."
serratus anterior
The ________ is known as the "boxer's muscle." flexor digitorum longus rectus abdominis serratus anterior biceps brachii
serratus anterior
Which of these muscles is visible in the figure but NOT indicated by a letter?
serratus anterior
Which of these muscles is visible in the figure but NOT indicated by a letter? transversus abdominis serratus anterior external oblique internal oblique
serratus anterior The serratus anterior originates on ribs I through VIII and inserts on the anterior surface of the vertebral border of the scapula. It interdigitates with the external oblique.
Why is the body position of both a post-surgical patient and the caregiver critical in performing a safe patient move from bed to chair? so that surgical wound stitches are not pulled apart so that lifting leverage can be properly applied because patients are not expected to exert any effort so that the caregiver can support patient's full body weight
so lifting leverage can be properly applied
Why is the body position of both a post-surgical patient and the caregiver critical in performing a safe patient move from bed to chair? - because patients are not expected to exert any effort - so that surgical wound stitches are not pulled apart - so that the caregiver can support patient's full body weight - so that lifting leverage can be properly applied
so that lifting leverage can be properly applied
The major head flexor muscles are the __________.
sternocleidomastoid muscles
The major head flexor muscles are the __________. scalene muscles trapezius muscles splenius muscles sternocleidomastoid muscles
sternocleidomastoid muscles The sternocleidomastoid muscles flex and laterally rotate the head. Acting alone, each muscle rotates the head toward the shoulder on the opposite side and tilts or laterally flexes the head to the shoulder on the same side.
The angle of which muscle prevents the humeral head from sliding upward out of the joint as the arm is raised?
subscapularis
The gluteus medius muscle is innervated by the __________. inferior gluteal nerve superior coxial nerve inferior coxial nerve superior gluteal nerve
superior gluteal nerve
The rhomboid minor muscle sits __________. superficial to the rhomboid major superior to the rhomboid major deep to the rhomboid major inferior to the rhomboid major
superior to the rhomboid major
What type of muscle assists an agonist by causing a like movement or by stabilizing a joint over which an agonist acts?
synergist
Fill in blank: The ________ is a synergist of the latissimus dorsi; it extends, medially rotates, and adducts the humerus.
teres major
The ________ is a synergist of the latissimus dorsi; it extends, medially rotates, and adducts the humerus. teres minor supraspinatus teres major infraspinatus
teres major
The posterior scapular muscle that crosses the glenohumeral joint is the __________.
teres major
Which of the following is NOT a rotator cuff muscle? subscapularis infraspinatus supraspinatus teres major
teres major
Which of the following is NOT a rotator cuff muscle? teres major subscapularis infraspinatus supraspinatus
teres major Teres major is not one of the four rotator cuff muscles, which include supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis. Their main function is to reinforce the capsule of the shoulder and rotate the humerus in the glenoid cavity.
Which muscle is not part of the rotator cuff?
teres major muscle
The ________ is an antagonist of the _____ for arm abduction
teres major;deltoid
Which deep posterior extensor of the wrist originates on the radius and ulna and interosseous membrane?
the abductor pollicis longus
Which deep posterior extensor of the wrist originates on the radius and ulna and interosseous membrane? the extensor indicis the extensor pollicis brevis the extensor pollicis longus the abductor pollicis longus
the abductor pollicis longus
Which of the following groups of muscles are not muscles of the shoulder? muscles that act on the pectoral girdle muscles that stabilize and cross the glenohumeral joint the anterior flexor muscles the rotator cuff muscles
the anterior flexor muscles
Tennis players often complain about pain in the arm (forearm) that swings the racquet. What muscle is usually strained under these conditions?
the brachioradialis
Tennis players often complain about pain in the arm (forearm) that swings the racquet. What muscle is usually strained under these conditions? the flexor digitorum profundus the triceps brachii the brachioradialis the anconeus
the brachioradialis
Which of the following muscles does the phrenic nerve innervate? the external intercostals the diaphragm the internal intercostals the sternocleidomastoid muscles
the diaphragm
Which of the following muscles does the phrenic nerve innervate? the diaphragm the external intercostals the sternocleidomastoid muscles the internal intercostals
the diaphragm The phrenic nerve innervates the diaphragm. The intercostal nerves innervate the intercostal muscles. The sternocleidomastoid muscles are innervated by the accessory nerves.
What is the major factor controlling how levers work?
the difference in the positioning of the effort, load, and fulcrum
What is the major factor controlling how levers work? - the weight of the load - the structural characteristics of the muscles of the person using the lever - the difference in the positioning of the effort, load, and fulcrum - the direction the load is being moved
the difference in the positioning of the effort, load, and fulcrum
First Class levers
the effort is applied at one end of the lever and the load is at the other, with the fulcrum somewhere in between. Ex: Lifting the head off of the chest, scissors, seesaws
Where are the origins of most of the muscles that move the fingers? the wrist the palm of the hand the arm the forearm
the forearm
Where are the origins of most of the muscles that move the fingers? the palm of the hand the wrist the forearm the arm
the forearm Most of the muscles that move the hand originate in the forearm and operate the fingers via their long tendons.
Which of the following muscles is involved in producing horizontal wrinkles in the forehead? - the medial pterygoid - the temporalis - the zygomaticus major - the frontal belly of the epicranius
the frontal belly of the epicranius
Which of the following is NOT used as a criterion for naming muscles?
the nervous system's control of the muscle
Which of the following is NOT used as a criterion for naming muscles? - the locations of the muscle attachments - the number of origins for the muscle - the location of the muscle - the shape of the muscle - the nervous system's control of the muscle
the nervous system's control of the muscle
Which of the following muscles is involved in crossing one leg over the other to produce the cross-legged position? the sartorius all of the hamstrings the quadriceps femoris the gastrocnemius
the sartorius
Which of the following muscles is involved in crossing one leg over the other to produce the cross-legged position?
the sartorius sartor = tailor flexes, abducts, and laterally rotates thigh; flexes knee; produces the cross legged position.
Which group of muscles elevates the first two ribs and flexes and rotates the neck?
the scalenes
Which group of muscles elevates the first two ribs and flexes and rotates the neck? the splenius the iliocostalis the scalenes the spinalis
the scalenes
Which joint is considered the most flexible joint in the body? the elbow joint the wrist joint the shoulder joint the hip joint
the shoulder joint
What is the main factor that determines the power of a muscle? - the shape - the length -the total number of muscle fibers (cells) available for contraction - the number of neurons innervating it
the total number of muscle fibers (cells) available for contraction
Which of these is NOT a way of classifying muscles
the type of muscle fibers
Which of these is not a way of classifying muscles? muscle shape the type of action they cause the type of muscle fibers muscle location
the type of muscle fibers
Which of the following muscles serves as a common intramuscular injection site, particularly in infants as the buttocks and arm muscles are poorly developed?
the vastus lateralis
If L = load, F = fulcrum, and E = effort, what type of lever system is described as LEF?
third-class lever
If L = load, F = fulcrum, and E = effort, what type of lever system is described as LEF? fourth-class lever third-class lever second-class lever first-class lever
third-class lever
The gastrocnemius muscle is innervated by the __________. fibular nerve tibial nerve plantar nerve ulnar nerve
tibial nerve
Which of the following muscles is involved in inversion at the ankle joint? fibularis (peroneus) tertius fibularis (peroneus) longus tibialis anterior extensor digitorum longus
tibialis anterior
The ________ runs deep to the internal oblique.
transversus abdominis
The ________ runs deep to the internal oblique. latissimus dorsi external oblique transversus abdominis rectus abdominis
transversus abdominis
The main forearm extensor is the __________
triceps brachii
The main forearm extensor is the __________. brachilais triceps brachii coracobrachialis biceps brachii
triceps brachii
All of the muscles that originate from the medial epicondyle of the humerus have one of two functions. Which of the following pairs is correct? wrist extension and forearm supination wrist flexion and supination forearm flexion and wrist flexion wrist flexion and forearm pronation
wrist flexion and forearm pronation
The lateral rotators act on the __________.
femur
Which of the following are correctly matched?
rectus; straight
1
...
Identify the levator ani muscle
D
The____ runs deep to the external oblique
Internal oblique
Muscles are only able to pull, they never push
True
In general, a muscle that crosses on the anterior side of a joint produces ________.
flexion
Fill in blank: The ________ is the main chewing muscle.
masseter
Name the muscle at A.
orbicularis oculi
Which of the following muscles is NOT a member of the hamstrings group?
vastus intermedius
Which of the following muscles is NOT a member of the hamstrings group? semitendinosus biceps femoris semimembranosus vastus intermedius
vastus intermedius
All of the muscles that originate from the medial epicondyle of the humerus have one of two functions. Which of the following pairs is correct?
wrist flexion and forearm pronation
smiling muscle
zygomaticus
What are the levers that operate at a mechanical advantage called
Power Levers
Fill in blank: The ________ is known as the boxer muscle.
Serratus anterior
Which muscle helps a person to cross a leg when seated (place one's lateral ankle on the opposite knee)? A B C D
B Sartorius laterally rotates and abducts the thigh, which would both be necessary in placing one ankle on the opposite knee when sitting.
Identify the gluteus maximus muscle. A B C D
B The gluteus maximus is the large muscle that defines the buttocks and is a major thigh extensor.
Which of the following letters represents the infraspinatus muscle? A B C D
B The infraspinatus muscle originates in (and is named for) the infraspinous fossa of the scapula. (Be careful that you don't confuse the words infraspinous and infraspinatus.)
Which of the following letters represents the sartorius muscle? A B C D
B The muscle shown at B is the sartorius muscle.
Which muscle tenses the skin of the neck and assists in depression of the mandible? A B C D
B The platysma muscle tenses the neck skin and aids in depressing the mandible. It originates in the fascia of the upper chest.
Which of the muscles indicated by letters has action at only one joint? A B D
B This muscle originates on the humerus and extends to the ulna, so it only has action at the elbow joint.
Which of the following describes the suprahyoid muscles?
B) They are a group of muscles that lie superior to the hyoid bone and help form the floor of the oral cavity.
What is a muscle that provides the major force for producing a specific movement called?
B) an agonist
Which muscles is (are) contracted to exhale forcibly?
B) internal intercostals and rectus abdominus
Which of the following muscles is not a rotator cuff muscle?
B) levator scapulae
What are the levers that operate at a mechanical advantage called?
B) power levers
internal anal sphincter
Origin: encircles the anal canal Insertion: encircles the anal canal Action: constricts the anal canal Innervation: parasympathetic fibers from S4 - smooth muscle (involuntary) Artery: middle rectal a.
female sphincter urethrae
Origin: encircles the urethra Insertion: encircles urethra and vagina; extends superiorly along the urethra as far as the inferior surface of the bladder Action: compresses urethra and vagina Innervation: deep branch of perineal nerve from pudendal nerve Artery: internal pudendal a. Notes: skeletal muscle
male sphincter urethrae
Origin: encircles the urethra Insertion: encircles urethra, reaches lateral surface of prostate and inferior bladder Action: compresses urethra Innervation: deep branch of perineal nerve from pudendal nerve Artery: internal pudendal a. Notes: skeletal muscle
coccygeus
Origin: ischial spine Insertion: side of the coccyx and lower sacrum Action: elevates the pelvic floor Innervation: branches of the ventral primary rami of spinal nerves S3-S4 Artery: inferior gluteal a.
deep transverse perineus
Origin: medial surface of the ischial ramus Insertion: contralateral muscle and perineal body/central tendinous point Action: fixes and stabilizes the perineal body/central tendinous point Innervation: deep branch of perineal nerve from pudendal nerve Artery: internal pudendal a.
superficial transverse perineus
Origin: medial surface of the ischial ramus Insertion: contralateral muscle and the perineal body/central tendinous point Action: fixes and stabilizes perineal body/central tendinous point Innervation: deep branch of perineal nerve from pudendal nerve Artery: perineal a.
ischiocavernosus
Origin: medial surface of the ischial tuberosity and the ischiopubic ramus Insertion: corpus cavernosum and crus of the penis/clitoris Action: compresses the corpus cavernosum Innervation: deep branch of the perineal nerve (from pudendal nerve) Artery: perineal a. Notes: closely applied to the surface of the crus penis/clitoris
female bulbospongiosus
Origin: perineal body and fascia of the bulb of the vestibule Insertion: perineal membrane and corpus cavernosum of the clitoris Action: compresses the vestibular bulb and constricts the vaginal orifice Innervation: deep branch of the perineal nerve (from pudendal nerve) Artery: perineal a. Notes: skeletal muscle
external anal sphincter
Origin: perineal body or central tendinous point of the perineum Insertion: encircles the anal canal; superficial fibers attach to the coccyx Action: constricts the anal canal Innervation: inferior rectal nerves (from the pudendal nerve) Artery: inferior rectal a.
pubovaginalis
Origin: posterior aspect of the body of the pubis Insertion: fascia of the vagina and perineal body Action: draws the vagina forward and superiorly Innervation: branches of the ventral primary rami of spinal nerves S3-S4 Artery: inferior gluteal a. Notes: part of the levator ani muscle
puborectalis
Origin: posterior aspect of the body of the pubis Insertion: unites with the contralateral puborectalis m. of other side posterior to the rectum Action: draws the distal rectum forward and superiorly; aids in voluntary retention of feces Innervation: branches of the ventral primary rami of spinal nerves S3-S4 Artery: inferior gluteal a.
levator prostatae
Origin: posterior aspect of the pubis Insertion: fascia of the prostate Action: elevates the prostate Innervation: branches of the ventral primary rami of spinal nerves S3-S4 Artery: inferior gluteal a. Notes: part of the puborectalis m.
pubococcygeus
Origin: posterior aspect of the superior pubic ramis Insertion: coccyx Action: elevates the pelvic floor Innervation: branches of the ventral primary rami of spinal nerves S3-S4 Artery: inferior gluteal a.
levator ani
Origin: posterior surface of the body of the pubis, fascia of the obturator internus m. (arcus tendineus levator ani), ischial spine Insertion: anococcygeal raphe and coccyx Action: elevates the pelvic floor Innervation: branches of the ventral primary rami of spinal nerves S3-S4 Artery: inferior gluteal a.
Paralysis of which of the following muscles would make an individual unable to flex the knee?
a) hamstring muscles The hamstrings are fleshy muslces of the posterior thigh. they cross both the hip and knee joints and are prime movers of thigh extension and knee flexion.
Which criterion (or criterea) is/are used in naming the gluteus medius? a) relative size b) muscle location c) muscle shape d) action e) number of origins
a) relative size b) muscle location
Which of the following is a large, deep muscle that protracts the scapula during punching a) serratus anterior b) rhomboids c) levator scapular d) subscapularis
a) serratus anterior
The middle fibers of the deltoid muscle __________. adduct the arm medially rotate the arm abduct the arm laterally rotate the arm
abduct the arm
Which of the following muscles is a flexor of the thigh? adductor magnus vastus lateralis gluteus maximus tibialis posterior
adductor magnus
The medial muscles of the hip joint that insert on the linea aspera are the _________
adductor magnus, adductor brevis, and adductor longus
The medial muscles of the hip joint that insert on the linea aspera are the __________. gracilis, adductor magnus, pectineus, and adductor longus pectineus, adductor magnus, and adductor longus adductor magnus, adductor brevis, and adductor longus adductor magnus, adductor brevis, and pectineus
adductor magnus, adductor brevis, and adductor longus
The pectineus muscle __________ the thigh and is innervated by the __________ nerve. adducts and flexes; femoral adducts and flexes; fibular abducts and extends; femoral abducts and extends; fibular
adducts and flexes; femoral
Which functional group has the major responsibility for countering a specific movement? antagonists synergists agonists fixators
antagonists The antagonist opposes the movement produced by the agonist. It is often responsible for returning a limb to its initial position. Antagonists also adjust the action of their agonists by contracting slightly to provide some resistance, thus helping to prevent overshooting the mark or to slow or stop the movement. Agonist/antagonist pairs are located on opposite sides of the joint across which they act.
What functional movement is suggested by name of the erector spinae muscle? back extension back lateral rotation depresses scapula shoulder rotation scapula elevation
back extension
The hamstrings consist of three muscles located on the posterior thigh. Why is it recommended that a caregiver squat using these muscles to help a patient sit down? -because it prevents back muscle strain - because it permits the patient to be farther away -because it eliminates lifting belt use when moving adults - because it forcibly flexes the caregiver's thighs
because it prevents back muscle strain
The hamstrings consist of three muscles located on the posterior thigh. Why is it recommended that a caregiver squat using these muscles to help a patient sit down? because it forcibly flexes the caregiver's thighs because it prevents back muscle strain because it permits the patient to be farther away because it eliminates lifting belt use when moving adults
because it prevents back muscle strain
What benefit would an improved muscle tone from strengthening the quadriceps femoris muscles provide? enhanced lateral thigh abduction better-stabilized knee joint more rapid knee flexion greater control of thigh adduction
better-stabilized knee joint
Forearm supination is assisted by the __________. triceps brachii brachioradialis supinator biceps brachii
biceps brachii
The arm muscle that both flexes the elbow and supinates the forearm is the
biceps brachii
Which of the following joint muscles is correctly matched with its lever type? triceps brachii at the elbow; third-class lever trapezius action on the atlanto-occipital joint; second-class lever biceps brachii at the elbow; third-class lever gastrocnemius tendon at the ankle: first-class lever
biceps brachii at the elbow; third-class leaver In this case, the force is applied by the biceps brachii between the fulcrum, the elbow joint, and the load, which is the forearm.
Which of the following joint muscles is correctly matched with its lever type?
biceps brachii at the elbow; third-class lever
Which of the following joint muscles is correctly matched with its lever type? - gastrocnemius tendon at the ankle: first-class lever - trapezius action on the atlanto-occipital joint; second-class lever - triceps brachii at the elbow; third-class lever - biceps brachii at the elbow; third-class lever
biceps brachii at the elbow; third-class lever
Which of the following is a hamstring muscle? vastus medialis vastus lateralis biceps femoris rectus femoris
biceps femoris
Which muscle is represented by the letter D? semimembranosus biceps femoris gracilis semitendinosus
biceps femoris The biceps femoris is the lateral hamstring.
The primary function of the deep muscles of the thorax, such as the intercostals, is to promote __________.
breathing
The primary function of the deep muscles of the thorax, such as the intercostals, is to promote __________. back posture swallowing breathing vomiting
breathing The deep muscles of the thorax, like the internal and external intercostals and the diaphragm, promote movements necessary for breathing.
A nursing infant develops a powerful sucking muscle that adults also use for whistling. What is this muscle called?
buccinator
Fill in blank: The ________ helps keep food between the grinding surfaces of the teeth during chewing.
buccinator
The ________ helps keep food between the grinding surfaces of the teeth during chewing.
buccinator
The ________ helps keep food between the grinding surfaces of the teeth during chewing. risorius mentalis buccinator orbicularis oris
buccinator
The arm muscle that both flexes the elbow and supinates the forearm is the a) branchialis b) brachioradialis c) biceps d) brachii e) triceps brachii
c) biceps
The arrangement of muscle fibres in which the fibers are arranged at an angle to a central longitudinal tendon is a) circular b) longitudinal c) pennate d) parallel
c) pennate
Intrinsic muscles of the back that promote extension of the spine (or head) include all but a) splenius muscles b) semispinalis muscles c) scalene muscles d) erector spinae
c) scalene muscles
A muscle that assists an agonist by causing a like movement or by stabilizing a joint over which an agonist acts is a a) antagonist b) prime movers c) synergist d) agonist
c) synergist
Muscles that cause plantar flexion include all but the a) gastrocnemius b) soleus c) tibialis anterior d) tibialis posterior e) fibularis muscles
c) tibialis anterior
The soleus and the gastrocnemius share an insertion on the __________.
calcaneus
Identify the action of the muscle at A.
compress the abdomen
Identify the action of the muscle at A. extend the spine compress the abdomen flex the spine twist the trunk
compress the abdomen The transversus abdominis muscles are the deepest of the abdominal wall. They compress the abdominal contents.
The actions of the internal obliques include __________. - compression of the rib cage to assist in forced inspiration - compression of the abdomen to assist in forced expiration - compression of the abdomen to assist in forced inspiration - compression of the rib cage to assist in forced expiration
compression of the abdomen to assist in forced expiration
Which of the following are correctly matched?
convergent arrangement of fascicles; fan-shaped muscle
The muscle that divides the ventral body cavity into the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities is the __________. psoas major diaphragm transversus abdominis internal oblique
diaphragm
The muscle that divides the ventral body cavity into the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities is the __________. internal oblique transversus abdominis diaphragm psoas major
diaphragm The diaphragm subdivides the ventral body cavity into the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities.
Muscles of the shoulder can be divided into groups based on __________. size location (superior and inferior) location (anterior and posterior) distribution and functional relationships
distribution and functional relationships
The gluteus maximus is the most powerful muscle during __________. medial rotation flexion extension lateral rotation
extension
The extensor muscle that branches to form four tendons on the back of the hand is the __________.
extensor digitorum
The extensor muscle that branches to form four tendons on the back of the hand is the __________. extensor ulnaris extensor carpi radialis brevis extensor digitorum extensor carpi radialis longus
extensor digitorum
The prime mover of wrist extension is the __________. extensor digitorum extensor carpi radialis brevis extensor carpi ulnaris extensor carpi radialis longus
extensor digitorum
The two muscles that insert on the fifth phalanx or on the fifth metatarsal are the __________.
extensor digitorum longus and fibularis tertius
The two muscles that insert on the fifth phalanx or on the fifth metatarsal are the __________. extensor digitorum longus and fibularis tertius fibularis longus and extensor hallucis longus fibularis tertius and extensor hallucis longus extensor digitorum longus and fibularis longus
extensor digitorum longus and fibularis tertius
Fill in the blank: The ________ extends the great toe.
extensor hallucis longus
The ________ extends the great toe. gastrocneumius extensor hallucis longus tibialis anterior fibularis (peroneous) tertius
extensor hallucis longus
Which description of a muscle action is NOT correct? Antagonists counter the action of a prime mover. Synergists help agonists. Fixators hold joints in place, so movement does not occur. Agonists are the prime movers for an action.
fixators hold joints in place, so movement does not occur. Fixators do hold a bone in place; however, they provide a stable base for a prime mover to create movement.
In general, a muscle that crosses on the anterior side of a joint produces ________. abduction adduction extension flexion
flexion
Which superficial flexor muscle of the forearm is the most lateral?
flexor carpi radialis
Which superficial flexor muscle of the forearm is the most lateral? flexor carpi radialis flexor carpi ulnaris palmaris longus flexor digitorum superficialis
flexor carpi radialis
Which muscle is a superficial anterior flexor muscle?
flexor digitorum superficialis
Which muscle is a superficial anterior flexor muscle? flexor digiti minimi brevis flexor digitorum profundus flexor digitorum superficialis flexor pollicis longus
flexor digitorum superficialis
Which muscle of the wrist and fingers is a deep anterior flexor?
flexor pollicis longus
raises the eyebrows
frontal belly of epicranius
At the grocery store a cute, little curly-haired child is standing behind you in line. You turn around for a moment and she sticks her tongue out at you. Which tongue muscle did she use? orbicularis oris genioglossus stylohyoid hyoglossus
genioglossus
Which of the following muscles is named for its size? gluteus maximus deltoid trapezius sternocleidomastoid
gluteus maximus
Which of the following is not a member of the hamstrings? biceps femoris semimembranosus gracilis semitendinosus
gracilis
An origin of the supinator is the __________
lateral epicondyl of the humerus
An origin of the supinator is the __________. radius supinator crest of the humerus lateral epicondyl of the humerus ulna
lateral epicondyl of the humerus
Which of the following muscles is not a rotator cuff muscle? teres minor levator scapulae subscapularis supraspinatus
levator scapulae
The masseter is innervated by the _____________ branch of the trigeminal nerve. maxillary mandibular lingual ophthalmic
mandibular
The sternocleidomastoid muscle inserts on the ________. - platysma - mastoid process of the temporal bone - clavicle - sternum
mastoid process of the temporal bone
An insertion of the fibularis longus is the __________.
medial cuneiform
Downward dislocation of the humerus from the glenohumeral joint when carrying weight is prevented by the __________.
supraspinatus muscle
The two heads of the gastrocnemius muscle converge to insert onto __________. the middle phalanx of digit one the posterior surface of the tibia digits two through five the calcaneus
the calcaneus
Which of the following muscles inserts to the posterior calcaneus via the calcaneal tendon?
the gastrocnemius
Which of the following muscles inserts to the posterior calcaneus via the calcaneal tendon? the semitendinosus the tibialis anterior the gastrocnemius the sartorius
the gastrocnemius
Two muscles in this image, identified by the letters C and D, share a function. What is that function?
to close the jaw
Two muscles in this image, identified by the letters C and D, share a function. What is that function? to open the mouth and depress the mandible to compress the cheek to close the jaw to provide forward sliding and side-to-side grinding movements of the lower teeth
to close the jaw The muscles at C and D originate on the skull and insert on the mandible. They exert powerful forces during chewing (elevation of the mandible).
The supraspinatus is named for its location on the posterior aspect of the scapula above the spine. What is its action? - to extend and medially rotate the humerus and to act as a synergist of the latissimus dorsi - to initiate abduction of the arm, to stabilize the shoulder joint and to help prevent downward dislocation of the humerus - to flex and adduct the humerus and to act as a synergist of the pectoralis major - to help hold the head of the humerus in the glenoid cavity and rotate the humerus laterally
to initiate abduction of the arm, to stabilize the shoulder joint and to help prevent downward dislocation of the humerus
Muscles that help to maintain posture are often called synergists.
False
True or False: A pair of tweezers is a good example of a second-class lever.
False
True or False: Although all skeletal muscles have different shapes, the fascicle arrangement of each muscle is exactly the same.
False
True or False: Both first- and second-class levers operate at a mechanical disadvantage.
False
True or False: Muscles that help to maintain posture are best described as synergists.
False
True or False: The deltoid is a prime mover of the arm that acts in adduction.
False
True or false: Muscle power depends mostly on the total number of muscle fibers (cells) in the muscle.
False
Both first- and second-class levers operate at a mechanical disadvantage.
False 1st and 3rd operate at a mechanical disadvantage. 2nd operate at a mechanical advantage. Standing on your toes.
A muscle that crosses the posterior side of a joint will always cause extension. True False
False Most of the time this is correct. There are two exceptions, the knee and the ankle. These joints are reversed because of rotation during development.
A pair of tweezers is a good example of a second-class lever.
False 1st class lever = scissors 2nd class lever = wheelbarrel 3red class lever = tweezers
The deltoid is a prime mover of the arm that acts in adduction.
False adduction - movement of a limb toward the midline. abduction - movement of a limb away from the midline or axis of the body. Prime mover of arm abduction when all its fibers contract simultaneously.
Which description of a muscle action is NOT correct? -Agonists are the prime movers for an action. - Antagonists counter the action of a prime mover. - Synergists help agonists. - Fixators hold joints in place, so movement does not occur
Fixators hold joints in place, so movement does not occur
The muscles of facial expression insert into skin or other muscles, not bones.
True
The soleus is a synergist of the gastrocnemius during plantar flexion.
True
True or False: Deep muscles of the thorax promote movements for breathing
True
True or False: In order to propel food down to the esophagus, the pharyngeal constrictor muscles are used
True
True or False: Most superficial thorax muscles are extrinsic shoulder muscles.
True
True or False: Muscle spasms of the back often are due to the erector spinae contraction.
True
True or False: Muscles are only able to pull, they never push.
True
True or False: Muscles connecting to the hyoid bone are important for swallowing and speech.
True
True or False: Muscles that help maintain upright posture are fixators.
True
True or False: Regardless of type, all levers follow the same basic principle: effort farther than load from fulcrum = mechanical advantage; effort nearer than load to fulcrum = mechanical disadvantage.
True
True or False: The anterior compartment of the thigh is involved in lower leg extension.
True
True or False: The arrangement of a muscle's fascicles determines its range of motion and power.
True
True or False: The broadest muscle of the back is the latissimus dorsi.
True
True or False: The buccinator muscle compresses the cheek and is well developed in nursing infants.
True
True or False: The diaphragm flattens and moves inferiorly during inspiration.
True
True or False: The major head flexors are the sternocleidomastoid muscles, with the help of the muscles attached to the hyoid bone.
True
True or False: The muscles of facial expression insert into skin or other muscles, not bones.
True
True or False: The soleus is a synergist of the gastrocnemius during plantar flexion.
True
The anterior compartment of the thigh is involved in lower leg extension. True False
True The quadriceps group sits in the anterior compartment of the thigh. These muscles extend the lower leg.
The soleus is a synergist of the gastrocnemius during plantar flexion.
True soleus = fish soleus - broad, flat muscle, deep to the gastrocnemius on posterior surface of a calf. Runs parallel to the gastrocnemius. gastrocnemius - belly of calve
Which muscle has a unipennate arrangement of fascicles?
C
Which muscle inserts on the greater tubercle of the humerus?
C
Which muscle would be a prime mover of knee extension?
C
Which muscle is the prime mover of arm abduction (assuming all fibers are used)? A B C D
C The deltoid muscle has three sets of fibers. If all three are activated, the arm is abducted at the shoulder.
Which muscle has a unipennate arrangement of fascicles? A B C D
C The extensor digitorum longus inserts into only one side of the tendon, giving it a unipennate arrangement.
Which muscle inserts on the greater tubercle of the humerus? A B C D
C The infraspinatus typically originates on the infraspinous fossa of the scapula and inserts into the greater tubercle of the humerus posterior to the insertion of supraspinatus.
Which muscle would be a prime mover of knee extension? A B C D
C The muscle in C originates on the coxal bone and inserts into the patella. It is a powerful knee extensor.
Identify the palmaris longus muscle. A B C D
C This muscle inserts into the fascia of the palm and acts to tense the skin and fascia of the palm during hand movement. It is interesting that this muscle is missing in just over 10% of humans.
What do the genioglossus, hyoglossus, and styloglossus muscles have in common?
C) All act on the tongue.
Which generalization concerning movement by skeletal muscles is not true?
C) During contraction the two articulating bones move equally.
The names of muscles often indicate the action of the muscle. What does the term levator mean?
C) The muscle elevates
What type of muscle assists an agonist by causing a like movement or by stabilizing a joint over which an agonist acts?
C) a synergist
Which of the following muscles is a flexor of the thigh?
C) adductor magnus
First-class levers ________.
C) in the body can operate at a mechanical advantage or mechanical disadvantage, depending on specific location
Tennis players often complain about pain in the arm (forearm) that swings the racquet. What muscle is usually strained under these conditions?
C) the brachioradialis
Which of the following muscles is involved in producing horizontal wrinkles in the forehead?
C) the frontal belly of the epicranius
If L = load, F = fulcrum, and E = effort, what type of lever system is described as LEF?
C) third-class lever
Identify the levator ani muscle. A B C D
D The levator ani muscle is important in the support of the pelvic organs during various activities that put stress upon it, such as coughing and vomiting.
Which muscle is innervated by the S3 nerve, S4 nerve, and the inferior rectal nerve (a branch of the pudendal nerve)? A B C D
D The levator ani muscles are innervated by several nerves including the pudendal, while the other muscles indicated are innervated by the pudendal nerve alone.
Which muscle provides a guide to the position of the radial artery at the wrist for taking the pulse? A B C D
D The radial pulse can easily be found between the tendons of flexor carpi radialis and brachioradialis.
Which muscle originates on the pubic crest and symphysis and inserts on the xiphoid process and costal cartilages of ribs V through VII? A B C D
D The rectus abdominis originates on the pubic crest and symphysis and inserts on the xiphoid process and costal cartilages of ribs V through VII.
Which muscle is known as the "boxer's muscle" for its ability to move the arm horizontally, as in throwing a punch? A B C D
D The serratus anterior can be used to violently pull the scapula laterally and thus pull the shoulder forward, adding strength to a horizontal punch.
Which muscle is the prime mover of dorsiflexion? A B C D
D The tibialis anterior is the only indicated muscle that is a prime mover of dorsiflexion.
Which muscle is an antagonist to the biceps brachii muscle? A B C D
D The triceps brachii muscle extends the forearm, while the biceps brachii flexes it, making them antagonistic.
A nursing infant develops a powerful sucking muscle that adults also use for whistling. What is this muscle called?
D) buccinator
A cute, little curly-haired child is sitting behind you in church. You turn around for a moment and she sticks her tongue out at you. Which tongue muscle did she use?
D) genioglossus
Paralysis of which of the following would make an individual unable to flex the thigh?
D) iliopsoas and rectus femoris
Which of the following is not a muscle primarily involved in the breathing process?
D) latissimus dorsi
Which of the following muscles fixes and depresses the ribs and stabilizes the pelvis during walking?
D) rectus abdominis
What is the major factor controlling how levers work?
D) the difference in the positioning of the effort, load, and fulcrum
Which of the following muscles inserts by the calcaneal tendon?
D) the gastrocnemius
What is the main factor that determines the power of a muscle?
D) the total number of muscle cells available for contraction
Although all skeletal muscles have different shapes, the fascicle arrangement of each muscle is exactly the same.
False
Both first- and second-class levers operate at a mechanical disadvantage.
False
What is the action of the muscle identified by the letter A? It abducts and medially rotates the thigh and steadies the pelvis. It is an extremely important muscle for walking. It is a major extensor of the thigh. It laterally rotates and abducts the thigh. It adducts the thigh and flexes and medially rotates the leg (especially during walking). The anterior part of this muscle adducts and medially rotates and flexes the thigh, while the posterior part of this muscle is a synergist of the hamstrings to extend the thigh.
It abducts and medially rotates the thigh and steadies the pelvis. It is an extremely important muscle for walking. This is the action of the gluteus medius muscle.
A nurse can facilitate respiratory functioning by encouraging deep breathing exercises such as diaphragmatic breathing. What is diaphragmatic breathing? - It is the alternating contraction and relaxation of the diaphragm, causing a decrease in pressure in the abdominopelvic cavity and facilitating blood flow to the heart. - It is the contraction of the internal intercostals muscles to depress the ribcage, aiding expiration. - It is the alternating contraction and relaxation of the diaphragm, causing an increase in pressure in the abdominopelvic cavity and facilitating blood flow to the heart. - It is the alternating contraction of the external and internal intercostals muscles to aid inspiration and expiration. - It is the contraction of the external intercostal muscles to lift the ribcage, aiding inspiration.
It is the alternating contraction and relaxation of the diaphragm, causing an increase in pressure in the abdominopelvic cavity and facilitating blood flow to the heart.
A young pregnant woman went to a childbirth class and the instructor informed them about strengthening the muscles of the pelvic floor. What are these muscles, and why should she strengthen them? -Perineal muscle, levator ani, and coccygeus; strengthening these muscles helps in the delivery of the child by resisting downward forces when "pushing." - Ischiocavernosus, coccygeus, and gluteus maximus; strengthening these muscles helps in correctly positioning and orienting the child prior to birth. - Coccygeus and gluteus maximus; strengthening these muscles helps in correctly positioning and orienting the child prior to birth. - Gluteus maximus, coccygeus, and levator ani; strengthening these muscles helps in correctly positioning and orienting the child prior to birth. -Levator ani and coccygeus; strengthening these muscles helps in the delivery of the child by resisting downward forces when "pushing."
Levator ani and coccygeus; strengthening these muscles helps in the delivery of the child by resisting downward forces when "pushing."
Which of the following statements is correct? The number of muscle fibers best determines how powerful a muscle will be. Muscle fibers running in parallel arrangement generate more power. The more a muscle shortens, the more power it generates. Multipennate muscles do not produce much power because the fibers run in many directions.
The number of muscle fibers best determines how powerful a muscle will be. More fibers means more power.
Which of the following describes the suprahyoid muscles? - They move the pharynx superiorly during swallowing. -They are a group of muscles that lie superior to the hyoid bone and help form the floor of the oral cavity. -They are often called strap muscles. -They depress the larynx and hyoid bone if the mandible is fixed.
They are a group of muscles that lie superior to the hyoid bone and help form the floor of the oral cavity.
Fill in blank: ________ is a powerful forearm extensor.
Triceps brachii
________ is a powerful forearm extensor. Brachialis Brachioradialis Biceps brachii Triceps brachii
Triceps brachii
Deep muscles of the thorax promote movements for breathing.
True
Electromyography is the recording and interpretation of graphic records of the electrical activity of contracting muscles.
True
In order to propel food down to the esophagus, the pharyngeal constrictor muscles are used.
True
Muscle power depends mostly on the total number of muscle fibers (cells) in the muscle.
True
Muscle power does not depend on the direction of the fascicles.
True
Muscle spasms of the back often are due to the erector spinae contraction.
True
Muscles connecting to the hyoid bone are important for swallowing and speech.
True
The anterior compartment of the thigh is involved in lower leg extension.
True
The arrangement of a muscle's fascicles determines its range of motion and power.
True
The broadest muscle of the back is the latissimus dorsi.
True
The latissimus dorsi inserts __________. on the lesser tubercle of the humerus on the greater tubercle of the humerus on the deltoid tuberosity of the humerus on the intertubercular groove of the humerus
on the intertubercular groove of the humerus
Name the muscle at A. frontalis zygomaticus orbicularis oris orbicularis oculi
orbicularis oculi Orbicularis oculi is a sphincter muscle of the eyelid that surrounds the rim of the orbit.
puckers the lips
orbicularis oris
The latissimus dorsi is an antagonist of the ______ for arm flexion.
pectoralis major
Which of the following is INCORRECTLY paired? pectoralis major; arm abduction trapezius; scapula rotation latissimus dorsi; medial arm rotation deltoid; arm flexion
pectoralis major; arm abduction The pectoralis major adductions the arm.
The two heads of the biceps brachii muscle converge distally to insert on the __________.
radial tuberosity
The interosseous membrane is located between the __________.
radius and ulna
The interosseous membrane is located between the __________. humerus and ulna ulna and the carpal bones of the wrist radius and ulna humerus and radius
radius and ulna
Which of the following movements demonstrates a first-class lever? - flexing your knee to raise your heel toward your buttocks - lifting a rock with your right hand and arm - raising your head up off your chest - standing on your toes
raising your head up off your chest
Which muscle acts as both a knee (leg) extensor and hip (thigh) flexor?
rectus femoris
Which muscle acts as both a knee (leg) extensor and hip (thigh) flexor? gluteus maximus rectus femoris vastus lateralis biceps femoris
rectus femoris
Which muscle acts as both a knee (leg) extensor and hip (thigh) flexor? vastus lateralis biceps femoris rectus femoris gluteus maximus
rectus femoris The quadriceps femoris (group of four muscles) is a powerful knee extensor. One of the quadriceps, rectus femoris, also acts as a hip flexor.
Which of the following are correctly matched? deltoid; at a right angle to the long axis brevis; long transverse; parallel to the long axis rectus; straight
rectus; straight
The piriformis originates on the __________ and inserts on the __________.
sacrum; greater trochanter of the femur
What muscle "undoes" what the sternocleidomastoid "does" during head flexion? omohyoid platysma masseter trapezius splenius capitis
splenius capitis
Which rotator cuff muscle is correctly paired with its action? teres minor; adduction infraspinatus; abduction supraspinatus; lateral rotation subscapularis; medial rotation
subscapularis; medial rotation
Which rotator cuff muscle is correctly paired with its action? infraspinatus; abduction supraspinatus; lateral rotation subscapularis; medial rotation teres minor; adduction
subscapularis; medial rotation Which rotator cuff muscle is correctly paired with its action? Which rotator cuff muscle is correctly paired with its action? infraspinatus; abduction supraspinatus; lateral rotation subscapularis; medial rotation teres minor; adduction
All of the muscles that originate from the medial epicondyle of the humerus have one of two functions. Which of the following pairs is correct? wrist flexion and forearm pronation wrist flexion and supination wrist extension and forearm supination forearm flexion and wrist flexion
wrist flexion and forearm pronation All of the muscles that originate from the medial epicondyle of the humerus are involved in either wrist flexion and forearm pronation.
Identify the gluteus maximus muscle.
B
Which muscle tenses the skin of the neck and assists in depression of the mandible?
B
detruser of bladder
Origin: smooth muscle in the wall of the urinary bladder Insertion: fascicles are arranged roughly in three layers Action: compresses the urinary bladder Innervation: parasympathetic nerve fibers from the pelvic splanchnic nerves (S2-S4 spinal cord levels) Artery: superior and inferior vesical aa.
obturator internus
Origin: the internal surface of the obturator membrane and margin of the obturator foramen Insertion: greater trochanter on its medial surface above the trochanteric fossa Action: laterally rotates and abducts the thigh Innervation: nerve to the obturator internus m. Artery: obturator a.
Most superficial thorax muscles are extrinsic shoulder muscles.
True
Muscles are only able to pull, they never push.
True
Muscles that help maintain upright posture are fixators.
True
Regardless of type, all levers follow the same basic principle: effort farther than load from fulcrum = mechanical advantage; effort nearer than load to fulcrum = mechanical disadvantage.
True
The major head flexors are the sternocleidomastoid muscles, with the help of the muscles attached to the hyoid bone.
True
The muscle that prevents the biting of the cheek when chewing is the buccinator.
True
Which of the following are correctly matched? parallel arrangement of fascicles; characteristic of sphincter muscles pennate arrangement of fascicles; spindle-shaped muscle convergent arrangement of fascicles; fan-shaped muscle circular arrangement of fascicles; describes the deltoid muscle
convergent arrangement of fascicles; fan-shaped muscle A convergent muscle has a broad origin, and its fascicles converge toward a single tendon of insertion. Such a muscle is triangular or fan shaped like the pectoralis major muscle of the anterior thorax.
Muscles that depress the hyoid bone and larynx include all but the
geniohyoid
Which of the following muscles is named for its size? deltoid trapezius gluteus maximus sternocleidomastoid
gluteus maximus The term maximus indicates the size of this muscle; gluteus maximus is the largest of the gluteus muscles. Additionally, gluteal is the name of the region where the muscle is located.
The arrangement of muscle fibers in which the fibers are arranged at an angle to a central longitudinal tendon is
pennate
