MUSCULAR SYSTEM OF THE FROG
Tibialis anticus
- most anterior muscle of the leg - extending from the distal end of the femur to the proximal ends of the tarsals, the muscle is a flexor of the foot and extensor of the leg.
Transversus abdominis
By making a longitudinal superficial incision from the external oblique, a deep muscle may be exposed. This muscle has a fiber running across the abdomen.
Geniohyoid
Dorsal to the mylohyoid ⁃ originating from the anterior angle of the mandible and inserted into the posterior born and thyroid processes of the hyoid apparatus
Tibialis posticus
a narrow thick muscle between the gastrocnemius and tibio-fibula and proximal half of the tibiale (astralagus)
Coccygeo-iliacus
a pair of broad v-shaped muscles posterior to coccygeo-sacralis; found between the ilia and pelvic girdle
Coccygeo-sacralis
a pair of narrow v-shaped muscles posterior to the longissimus dorsi
Sartorius
a slender strip of muscle running obliquely across the ventral side of the thigh extending from the antero-ventral part of the pelvic girdle to the proximal end of the tibio-fibula; acts as the flexor of the leg, adductor and protractor of the thigh
Gracilis minor
a thin central muscle posterior to the gracilis major
Supinator
rotator that turns a part upward
Cuccularis
short muscle along the middorsal line medial to dorsalis scapulae
Peroneous
anterior to the gastrocnemius; a small muscle.; Extends from the distal end of the femur to the lower end of the tibio-fibula and proximal end of the tarsals, the muscle is a flexor of the feet and the extensor of the leg.
Gastrocnemius
attached to the distal end of the femur; The largest and most posterior muscle of the leg.
Flexor
bends a part
Dorsalis Scapulae
beneath the depressor mandibulae and best exposed by making an incision on the fascia of the depressor mandibulae along the median dorsal line
Semitendinosus
best exposed by separating the gracilis major from the adductor magnus. Posterior to the femur, the muscle has two heads; it originates from the ischium and is inserted to the proximal end of the tibio-fibula. It adducts the thigh and flexed the leg.
Latissimus Dorsi
board muscles posterior to and partly covered by the pressor mandibulae
Triceps brachii
broad muscle on the postero-lateral portion of the upperarm may be seen dorsally or ventrally.
Temporalis
broad muscle posterior to the eye and on the same level of the tympanum
Fascia
connective tissue membrane lining the outer surface of the muscle; dense-fibrous connective tissue of which forms the tendon
Heads
denote more than one point of origin
Cutaneous pectoris
dermal muscle which is very prominent in toads lies posterior to the sternoradialis
inscriptiones tendinae
divides oblique partitions from linea alba into muscle segments
sphincter
encircles an aperture or closes it
depressor mandibulae
flat fan-shaped muscles posterior to the temporalis
Aponeuroses
flat tendons
Belly
free middle part
Visceral or Smooth
fusiform and they surround the walls of visceral organs, ducts of glands appear unstriated and involuntary
Gracilis major
large posterior ventral muscle taking origin from the posterior edge of the ischium and is inserted at the proximal end of the tibio-fibula; a dermal muscle
Mylohyoid
large transverse muscle on the ventral surface of the mouth floor, this muscle is divided into left and right portions by a mid-ventral connective partition, the median raphe.
Triceps femoris
largest muscle that occupies the anterolateral border of the thigh.
Iliolumbaris
lateral to the longissimus dorsi, it is separated from the external oblique by a connective tissue, the lateral or horizontal skeletogenous septum.
Anterior pectoralis
lies immediately posterior to the sternoradialis and the most anterior of the chest muscles
Depressor
lowers a part
Gluteus
mall muscle anterior to the vastus externus and medial to rectus femoris anticus; acts as the rotator of the femur
Sternoradialis
median pair of thick muscle is partly covered by the posterior border of mylohyoid
Slips
more than one insertion
Submentalis
narrow muscle found in front of the mylohyoid that originates from the anterior edge of the lower jaw and inserted into the anterior angle of the mandible
Adductor longus
narrow, flat muscle beneath the sartorius which can be exposed best by cutting through the belly of the sartorius
Constrictor
narrows an opening
Cardiac (heart) muscle
net-like striated and involuntary
Scapulohumeralis (Deltoid)
passes obliquely ventral to the lateral part of the sternoradialis
Adductor magnus
posterior to the adductor longus; a thick triangular muscle.
Middle pectoralis
posterior to the anterior pectoralis, this muscle takes origin from the mesostermum and xiphisternum - inserted into the ventral portion of the proximal end of the humerus and adducts and rotates the arm.
Semimembranosus
posterior to the biceps femoris is a large muscle that extends from the dorsal part of the ischium to the back of the head of the tibio-fibula
Longissimus Dorsi
posterior to the latissimus dorsi, these muscles are attached to the anterior third of the urostyle and skull
Biceps femoris or Iliofiburalis
posterior to the triceps and partly covered by the externus, this slender muscle is attached from the dorsal slide of illium to tidio-fibula; flexes the leg and extends the thighs.
Posterior pectoralis
posterior-lateral to the middle pectoralis, it extends to almost the entire portion of the median surface of the trunk - inserted into the deltoid ridge; serves as adductor and rotator of the arm
Origin
proximal and fixed or least movable point of attachment in a muscle
Abductor
pulls a part away to the median axis
Adductor
pulls a part towards the median axis
Protractor
pushes a part away from the base
Retractor
pushes a part towards the base
Levator
raises a part
Pronator
rotator that turns a part downward
Flexor Tarsi Anterior
short muscle distal to the extensor cruris; attached to the anterior surface of the center and distal half of the tibio-fibula, this muscle is inserted into the proximal end of the tibiale and foot fascia. It acts as flexor of the foot.
Exterior cruri
short slender muscle; Lies on the proximal half of the tibio-fibula. Originating from the distal end of the femur, the muscle is inserted into the anterior surface of the proximal half of the tibio-fibula and is extended to the foot.
Pyriformis
short thin muscle between the vastus externus and the proximal end of the semimembranosus, this muscle originates from the posterior edge of the urostyle and is inserted into the proximal end of the femur
Extensor
straightens a part
Myology
study of the structures and functions of muscles.
Skeletal or Striated
surround the skeleton and give form and shape to the body, with filamentous cells that appear striated, and can be controlled by the will (voluntary)
Insertion
the distal and more movable points
Vastus externus
the dorsal head
Rectus femoris anticus
the middle head
rectus abdominis
this longitudinal muscle extends to each side of the linea alba which is a strip of connective tissue partition on the midventral line
External oblique
this superficial muscle running obliquely from the abdomen originates from the dorsal fascia and ilium.
Rotator
turns a part about the axis
Vastus internus
ventral
Dilator
widens an opening