Musculoskeletal
shock
A condition in which the circulatory system fails to provide sufficient circulation to enable every body part to perform its function
NSAIDS Side Effects
Fatigue is a major problem. Rest 8-10 hours of sleep a night w 2 hour nap
Types of Body Movements
Flexion, extension, rotation, abduction, ,supination, pronation, dorsiflexion , plantar flexion
Fat embolism
Freely floating fat globule in the blood stream, which can obstruct blood circulation to vital organs (e.g., heart, brain). Usually caused by injury to subcutaneous tissue or a bone fracture that allows fat release.
Hematopoiesis
blood cell formation; occurs in red bone marrow
comminuted fracture
bone breaks into many fragments
open fracture
bone fracture that breaks through the skin
impacted fracture
broken bone ends are forced into each other
closed fracture
broken bone with no open wound
Vitamin D function
calcium absorption
Fibromyalgia
chronic condition with widespread aching and pain in the muscles and fibrous soft tissue
Articulations
joints
Four classifications of bones
long, short, flat, irregular
Effects of Bed Rest on the Musculoskeletal System
- Atrophy - Contractures - Osteoporosis At risk for pathological fractures
Volkmann's contracture
-also known as Volkmann's ischaemic contracture, is a permanent flexion contracture of the hand at the wrist, resulting in a claw-like deformity of the hand and fingers. Passive extension of fingers is restricted and painful. It is excruciatingly painful and disabling. -permanent shortening of forearm muscles, usually resulting from injury
Salicylates (Aspirin)
Adverse effects: Gi bleeding
ACCESS leads to osteoporosis
Alcohol use Corticosteroid use Calcium low Estrogen low Smoking Sedentary lifestyle
callus
Beginning of bone replacement
Estrogen and alendronate
Calcium supplements
tophi with chronic gout
Calculi containing sodium urate deposits , seen around rim of the ear .
ankylosing spondylitis
Chronic progressive disorder of the sacroiliac and hip joints, the synovial joints of the spine , and the adjacent soft tissues
Epimysium
Connective tissue layer surrounding an individual muscle
Pott's fracture
End of fibula
knee joint
Most susceptible to sports injuries
Indomethacin (Indocin)
NSAID (anti-inflammatory) for gout
gas gangrene
Necrosis in a wound infected by an anaerobic gas forming bacillus, the most common etiologic agent being Clostridium perfringens.
Fosamax (alendronate)
Osteoporosis treatment take in the am and remain upright for 30 minutes to prevent esophagitis
Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty
Partial knee replacement , can resume walking 3-4 hours after surgery.,
Sulfinpyrazone (Anturane)
Prevents development of tophi
walking/weight bearing exercise
Promotes bone health and prevention of osteoporosis
Flexeril (cyclobenzaprine)
Relieves muscle spasm
muscle tone
The state of partial contraction in a muscle, even when the muscle is not being used
Paget's disease
a bone disease of unknown cause characterized by the excessive breakdown of bone tissue, followed by abnormal bone formation
spiral fracture
a fracture in which the bone has been twisted apart
fasciotomy
a surgical incision through the fascia to relieve tension or pressure
Allopurinol (Zyloprim)
decreases uric acid production , drink at least 3 quarts of water
Dowager's hump
forward curvature of the spine resulting in a stoop, typically in women with osteoporosis, caused by collapse of the front edges of the thoracic vertebrae.
oblique fracture
fracture at an angle to the bone
Diarthrosis
freely movable joint
Colles fx
fx of distal radius
compartment syndrome
injury caused when tissues such as blood vessels and nerves are constricted within a space as from swelling or from a tight dressing or cast
Functions of the muscular system
movement, posture, joint stability, heat production
strain
muscle tear
Synarthrosis
no movement
ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rate)
normal range of 0-20 mm/hr; anything over 20 is considered inflammation for men 0-29 mm for women
transverse fracture
occurs straight across the bone
greenstick fracture
one in which the bone is bent and only partially broken
Osteoporosis
reduction in bone mass
Methotrexate (Rheumatrex)
rheumatoid arthritis treatment,can cause kidney damage , drink 2l water/day. autoimmune/chemo drug
axial skeleton
skull, neck ,vertebral column, thorax
Amphiarthrosis
slightly movable joint
sprain
stretching or tearing of ligaments
Functions of the skeletal system
support, protection, movement, storage, blood cell formation
Open Reduction Internal Fixation (ORIF)
surgical alignment of fractured bones using screws, pins, wires, or nails to maintain bone alignment
hip arthroplasty
total hip replacement
knee arthroplasty
total knee replacement
Tendon
tough connective tissue that connects skeletal muscles to bones
Fosamax (alendronate)
treatment for osteoporosis , give in am remain upright for 30 minutes to prevent esophagitis
appendicular skeleton
upper and lower extremities, shoulder and pelvic girdles
Muscle stimulus
when a muscle cell is adequately stimulated, it will contract