Music After 1945, Modern Music, History of Western Music 20th century MERGED3

John Cage

- Studied with Schoenberg - Invented Chance music

Minimalism

- very small musical units repeated over and over - Consistent beats/rhythms - changes happen slowly - "trance music"

Post War Trends

-Postmodernism -Relativism -Emphasis on novelty -Technology

Edgard Varese

-father of electronic music - France then USA - Musique concrete - Poeme electronique

Postmodernism

Aesthetic attitude that embraced the past (including modernism) but often in an eclectic manner, synthesizing a variety of approaches in a single work.

total serialism: this term is associated with

Boulez.

What technique of Brahms did Schoenberg use to give coherence to atonal music?

Developing variation is the term Schoenberg gave to Brahms' technique that he also used in his own music.

Describe music characteristics of The Rite of Spring :

Dissonant, polytonal layers of modal and octatonic harmony often with frequent meter changes

musique concrète

French "concret music" used to denote music in which the sonic material to be manipulated is recoreded sound taken from everyday life. The sounds are real or " concrete" also known as electronic music.

Charles Ives made his living in what business?

He ran an Insurance Company.

Schoenberg's early works are in what style?

His early style was late romantic.

Stravinsky's late works employ which technique?

His late works used serialism, or serial technique; twelve-tone

Nixon in China was written by

John Adams

indeterminacy is another word for alatoric

John Cage is associated with the term.

Webern was known for using which technique?

Klangfarben melody (tone color melody)

chance music

Music composed by the random selection of pitches, tone colors, and rhythms; developed in the 1950s by John Cage and others

With whom did Aaron Copland and other Americans study in Paris?

Nadia Boulanger

What style is Stravinsky's Pulcinella?

Neoclassical ballet

The composer who worked with modes of limited transposition

Olivier Messaian

The premiere of Stravinsky's ballet The Rite of Spring took place in -.

Paris

Who was the impresario of the Ballets Russes?

Serge Diaghilev

The vocal technique used in Pierrot Lunaire is called:

Sprechtstimme

major minimalists

Steve Reich/Philip Glass/Terry Riley

Stravinsky's early works are considered to be strongly nationalistic.

T

musique concrete, percussion, and sirens -

Varese is the composer associated with this term.

Stravinsky's first ballet scores were commissioned by

_Sergei Diaghilev

Alban Berg composer combined

atonality with elements of late Romantic music

Which instrument is featured in the opening ten seconds of the Introduction to Part I of The Rite of Spring?

bassoon

Which of the following correctly describe the chords heard at the beginning of Dance of the Youths and Maidens from The Rite of Spring?

dissonant irregularly accented

Wozzeck is an example of which "ism"?

expressionism.

Dance of the Youths and Maidens alternates Russian - melodies with sound blocks. A - chord repeats in a basic duple pulse, but the rhythm is unpredictable due to - accents. The section features a wide variety of -colors and dynamics.

folk-song dissonant irregular instrumental

Aleatory music

from the Latin "alea" music of chance, leaving one or more, elements of performance to randomly determined circumstances such as a roll of the dice, etc.

Microtones

intervals smaller than a half step within the diatonic scale

Which describe the choreography for The Rite of Spring?

it was created by Vaslav Nijinsky. It was groundbreaking. It involved dancers jumping up and down in place

Match the descriptive words or phrases with the different elements of music as found in Part I of Stravinsky's The Rite of Spring.

meter: shifting and irregularly accented texture: dense and complex polyphony form:sectional

Synthesized electronic music

music consisting of sounds generated and manipulated entirely by electronic means through an electronic oscillator or modifying device like a synthesizer

Which playing technique is featured by the strings in this short passage from the Introduction?

pizzicato

Which best describes the texture of Dance of the Youths and Maidens?

polyphonic

The ideals of which movement describe the aesthetic of The Rite of Spring?

primitivism

Stravinsky is largely recognized for his revitalizing of which musical element?

rhythm

What is the basis of Stravinsky's The Rite of Spring?

scenes of pagan Russia

Which best describes the form of Stravinsky's The Rite of Spring?

sectional, with opening section recurring several times

integral/tonal serialism

serial composition system where elements beyond pitch (rhythm, dynamics) are also subjected to serial treatment

Electronic Music

sounds produced and manipulated by magnetic tape machines, synthesizers, and/or computers - May or may no require a live performer

At what point in his life did Ives become recognized as an important composer?

His music became widely known only in the last years of his life. In 1947 he received the Pulitzer Prize for his Third Symphony (The Camp Meeting; composed 1904-11). His Second Symphony (1897-1902) was first performed in its entirety 50 years after its composition.

minimalism

Opposite of serialism and known for its repitition. Music that stays the same for extended periods of time, while only making slight changes, often marketing time lengths instead of measures

What modernist musical characteristics does Stravinsky's The Rite of Spring exhibit?

Precussive dissonance polytonality polyrhythm