Music App. Quiz 2
concerto
soloist and orchestra, usually 3 movements
John Farmer
"Fair Phyllis", secular Renaissance, homorhythmic texture, sung in English, 4 voices, very rhythmic, subject is lighthearted and not serious
Hildegard
10th child, given to monastery, composed and sang chants
middle ages
14th century
suites have...
4-8+ movements binary/simple form
Brandenburg Concertos
Bach, Margrave Christian of Brandenburg gave minimal feedback on Bach's concertos
Prelude of Cello Suite 1
Bach, original music lost, very melodic
Purcell Opera
Dido & Aneas; based on Virgil's Anead Dido's lament: sad, slow, going to kill herself, conjunct, minor, chromatic (half-step); baseline repeated over and over
Water Music
Handel, 3 separate suites, 20+ movements written for King George's river party contrabassoons, brass, french horns, etc.
The Messiah
Oratorio, written by Handel in England 50 movements 3 parts (Christmas, Easter, Redemption)
Gregorian chants named after...
Pope Gregory, composed 3000 chants
The Four Seasons
Vivaldi "the red priest" ritornello form cadenza (free expression by soloist) programatic = underlying story/reason
Fugue
a polyphonic composition based on one main theme/subject (prelude and fugue, toccata and fugue) Well-Tempered Clavier (Bach): massive fugue in 2 volumes
Palestrina
composed "The Gloria", wrote over 100 masses
Thomas Tallis
composed Spem in Alium, motet for 40 voices
organum
earliest type of polyphonic music, first to use another voice, later added 3 & 4 part harmonies
early operas based on
greek mythology
ensembles
groups
common instrument in Baroque & concerto grossos
harpsichord
instrumental baroque
instrumental baroque
episode VS cadenza
interval in between/contrast between repetitions VS solo, can be long and separate
chants are....
melismatic (words strung out over multiple syllables)
word-painting
music correlates with what's being said
neumes
nomatic notation/approximation
Gregorian chants handwritten by monks, started a...
notational system
chants made distinctive by...
one melody, monophonic texture, no harmonies or multiple pitches, melody has narrow range, notes are conjunct
concerto characteristics
orchestra (tutti): smaller size, harpsichord (25-30 players) not huge meter/tempo change texture is polyphonic (active, busy)
standard order:
overture, Allemande, Courante, Sarabande...
renaissance instruments rebec lute sacbut lizard shawrn
renaissance instruments string string, guitar-like brass woodwind oboe-predecessor, double reed
motet
sacred work in Latin, used in mass
suite
set of dance inspired movements
oratorio
similar to opera, but w/o scenery, costumes, or action based on religious texts/serious matters solos, chorus, orchestra much longer than Cantatas
concerto grosso
small group of soloists (concertino) pitted against a larger group of players (tutti)
aria
solo song, melodic, emotional, expressive
recitative
solo, declamatory, less song-like, more dialogue
libretto
story, written by composer or Librettist who wrote story and was composed by someone else
Bach wrote 4 orchestral suites
tempo consistent, more brass, binary form, timpani drum prominent
cantata
vocals for solo singers, chorus, and instrumentalists, usually sacred Bach wrote 200+, had to write them for every church service Cantata #140 (Sleepers, Awake) Bach took pre-existing corrals and wrote cantatas