Music Appreciation Midterm #2

All three singers below died in 1970-71

1)Joplin 2)Hendrix 3)Morrison

The Beatles (members of the band)

John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison, Ringo Starr

Dick Dale

King of Surf Guitar, west coast rock surf music

Velvet Underground

Velvet Underground has some similarities to the Doors ✖ A principle difference is that the Underground was a New York-based band and they were a part of a much different scene as a result ✖ The Underground got their start with the help of Andy Warhol ✖ The Underground was led by Lou Reed-he is the main singer and guitar player. John Cale played the viola.

Change from folk to rock-1965

Went from folk to rock

Frank Zappa (and the Mothers of Invention)

employed sophisticated techniques to make satirical music, Zappa took a satirical approach to rock that poked fun at most of the existing styles

AABA song form

verse, verse, chorus, verse

Rock-based Pop

Black music was the most significant new music to emerge in the early 1960s-both commercially and musically The sound was fronted by groups such as: The Shirelles, The Drifters, The Miracles, and Martha and the Vandellas

Ozzy Osborne

Lead singer of Black Sabbath

Lynyrd Skynyrd

Lynyrd Skynyrd: the name of the band is a parody of the name of a high school gym teacher named Leonard Skinner Fully integrated country and rock and roll There songs were both southern and rock with hits like "Sweet Home Alabama" This was the band's signature song and statement of Southern pride

Huey "Piano" Smith

New Orleans where rhythm and blues would likely acquire a rock and roll beat

Lou Reed

New York-based singer and songwriter who cofounded the Velvet Underground with John Cale, who played the viola

Otis Redding (died in plane crash)

Otis Redding was the king of southern soul singers • Got his start as a backup singer for Little Richard • Got signed to a solo deal with Atlantic Records and released a string of hits

Kingsmen "Louie, Louie"

Sung by the Kingsmen, was the first "world famous Rock and Roll song" Were a one hit wonder

Soul

The soul sound was centered in two cities Memphis, Tennessee and Muscle Shoals, Alabama • The two most visible exponents of the style were Aretha Franklin and James Brown • Southern soul generally came in two speeds: fast and slow

Glitter Rock

This was achieved in a variety of ways from lighting, smoke bombs, and fireworks to elaborate sets and larger-than-life costumes ✖ The most obvious proponent of this style is David Bowie

16 beat

Uses 8-beat rhythm, but with a underlying 16-beat-played on the bass and flute, Motown

The role of the producer

White producers managed black groups; black producers managed white groups, producers would aslo over see the whole song making process

Yes

Yes was formed in 1968 by Jon Anderson and Chris Squire ✖ First two albums both came out in 1972: Fragile and Closer to the Edge ✖ Their compositional approach fits with the definition of Progressive Rock

Jam Band

band that features extensive musical improvisation in its performances and crosses genre boundaries

Power Trio

guitar, bass, drums

Ritchie Blackmore

guitarist of Deep Purple

Deadheads

the ardent followers of the Grateful Dead

Percy Sledge

60s soul, Percy Sledge was born in Leighton, Alabama, which is near Muscle Shoals, which is where • "When a Man Loves a Woman" was recorded in 1966

Tommy (1969) by The Who

??

Bob Dylan

A twentieth-century American folksinger and songwriter. His music, with its strong note of social protest, was especially popular during the 1960s, when he wrote songs such as "Blowin' in the Wind," "The Times They Are A-Changin'," and "Like a Rolling Stone."

Andy Warhol

An American commercial illustrator and artist famous for his Campbell's soup painting. He was the founder of the pop-art movement, which like all other art movements in history reflected something back on the present society. Helped the Velvet Underground get their start

Aretha Franklin

Aretha Franklin was revered as the "Queen of Soul" she was neither a man nor a Southerner • While there were few female soul singers, one of the greatest regardless of gender was Aretha Franklin • On this song she sings with directness and immediacy

Black Sabbath

Black Sabbath was the first heavy metal band whose music consistently maintained the new style ○ Obvious interest in the occult, middle ages and the Renaissance ○ Ozzy (vocals), Tony Iommi (guitar), "Geezer" Butler (bass) and Bill Ward (drums) came together in a band called Polka Tuck, then became Earth-changed to Black Sabbath in 1969 ○ 1970 album Paranoid sold over 4 million copies ○ Were the most influential and popular metal band from 1970-1975

Miracles, Shirelles, Drifters

Black groups that lead the rock-based pop sound

Creedence Clearwater Revival

Creedence Clearwater Revival, unlike the San Francisco bands, was based in the Bay Area The band consisted of John Fogerty (lead guitar), Tom Forgerty (rhythm guitar), Stu Cook (bass), Doug Clifford (drums), The CCR sound has been described as a literal definition of the American Rock and Roll sound

David Bowie, Ziggy Stardust

David Bowie, born David Jones, began his career in the 1960s as a British folksinger ✖ In 1972 he announced that he was gay and launched into the "Ziggy Startdust" era of his career

Eric Clapton

Eric Clapton and Hendrix are often referred to as Guitar Gods-because their playing is so far ahead of their peers ● Clapton played for the the Yardbirds (quit when they abandon blues for psychedelia), John Mayall's Bluesbreakers, and formed Cream in 1966 with Jack Bruce and Ginger Baker (a power trio-no rhythm guitarist) ● Clapton was the first major rock performer to play extended, improvised solos

Jimi Hendrix (Experience)-guitar burning

Grew up in Seattle, Washington, Formed the Jimi Hendrix Experience ● They released their first hit in 1966 with the song "Hey Joe" and Hendrix became an instant star ● Three Hendrix songs that define his sound are "Red House," "Purple Haze," and "Voodoo Child", The guitar sound is distorted and featured prominently ● The solos are rock improvisation and were played differently at each live show ● Parts of Hendrix's career are clouded by drug use-he was arrested for heroin possession ● 18 September 1970-death caused by suffocation due to inhalation of vomit

Allman Brothers

Had a sound rooted in black southern music Large band with two lead guitar players The group got its first real start when Greg and Duane Allman moved to Muscle Shoals, Alabama, to record The Allman Brothers' sound is like a steamroller: it is dense in sound, texture, and rhythm They emphasized the blues/soul side of Southern Rock

Deep Purple

Heavy Metal, Deep Purple also had many different forms at the start: the most popular version:• 1970-1973-Ian Gillan (vocals), Ritchie Blackmore (guitar), Jon Lord (keyboard), Roger Glover (bass), Ian Paice (drum) ○ Two songs from this period, "Smoke on the Water" and "Highway Star,"

Folk Revival

However, in college he discovered the Beat poets (Allen Ginsberg and Jack Kerouac) and folk music, in late 1960 he moved to New York and joined the folk revival The folk revival had a short lifespan beginning in 1958 and ending in 1965 The end was signaled when Dylan played an electric set at the Newport Folk Festival

Chris Kenner

I Like It Like That New Orleans Rock and Roll

Art Rock

Ideas such as the concept album and Art Rock-rock style that elevated rock from teen entertainment to artistic statement-often draws on reworking "classical" music+ Is often distinguished by use of electronic instruments and effects

British Blues Revival

In the early 1960s there was a blues revival in Great Britain ● They rediscovered the music of Robert Johnson, Muddy Waters, John Lee Hooker, Howlin' Wolf, and others ● Groups that were involved were the Rolling Stones, Cream, key members of Led Zepplin, the Yardbirds, and John Mayall's Bluesbreakers

Stax Records/Memphis

Influential in this mix was Stax Records, which was based in Memphis◦ Became the home of southern soul in the 60s • Stax is an acronym for Stewart and Axton (Jim Stewart and Estelle Axton started the label) • Stax was set up similarly to Motown (the pyramid)-but, the Stax sound was more of a collective effort, also the Stax musicians did not play from pre-written arrangements instead they wrote the music as a group in the studio

British Invasion

Influx of bands and musicians from Britain during the 60's. Huge influence on the American music scene.

James Brown & the Famous Flames

James Brown: "The Godfather of Soul" • However, in 1965, Brown released "Papa's Got a Brand New Bag" and brought out a new soul sound (the song is about the "new bag" or sound) • It is stripped of all none essential elements leaving only short vocal riffs, short horn riffs, a baritone sax playing only a single note, a guitar chord on the backbeats, limited bass playing, the drummer plays an 8-beat rock rhythm, The contributions that James Brown made to music in the 1960s paved the way for the next big black style Funk—this influence also extended into later styles such as Rap

Janis Joplin (Big Bro. and the Holding Co.)

Janis Joplin moved to California in 1965 and began performing with a local blues band called Big Brother and the Holding Company They got signed to Columbia Records as a result of their performance at the 1967 Monterey Pop Festival In 1970 she died of a heroin overdose

Guitar Gods

Jimi Hendrix and Eric Clapton

American Blues Revival

Just like the Blues Revival in England, the US had a Blues Revival On the front of that revival was the electric blues of B. B. King

Country Rock

Late 1960s style that mixed equal parts country music and rock music

Jim Morrison

Lead singer of The Doors

Led Zeppelin

Led Zeppelin held up as a heavy metal band, Zeppelin played in many styles ○ First album Led Zeppelin (1969) heavy metal mixed with other styles ○ The principle sound of Zepplin comes from blues roots ○ Group contains the necessary heavy metal parts:• Dramatic vocalist (Robert Plant)• Guitar god (Jimmy Page)• Solid riff-driven bass player (John Paul Jones)• Thunderous drummer (John Bonham) ○ Zeppelin (like Sabbath) had an interest in the occult and the mystic-this comes across in their use of symbols for album titles (IV-Zoso) and the images in their album artwork

Heavy Metal

Looked down on by many Rock and Roll listeners Heavy Metal of the 1970s the style has actually gotten taken more seriously in the recent past ○ Characteristic Heavy Metal bands include: Led Zepplin, Van Halen, Black Sabbath, and Deep Purple ○ Criticized for being crude and cheap-due to use of slow riffs and the wearing of make up

Chubby Checker (singer of dance songs)

Made rock and roll dance songs

Marvin Gaye

Marvin Gaye-by 1971, the move to 16-beat had been made at Motown • Marvin Gaye's song "What's Going On" makes use of the 16-beat rhythm which is to be the corner stone of the next big black music style: Funk • Other examples of Gaye's increasing freedom from Gordy's control appear in his change of dress from tuxedos to casual clothes, the change in lyrical content exhibited in this song as compared to those written earlier, and the change in beat structure from 8 to 16

The Who

Merged Rock (the movement) and Rock (the art form) ✖ Group formed in 1964-began to chart in England the following year ✖ Early hits include "My Generation" and "Substitute" - both from 1966

Roy Orbison

Moved to Tennessee in 1956 and met most of the important first generation Rock and Rollers Roy signed with Monument Records and met Fred Foster Foster became his producer and helped to establish the orchestral sound Roy's masterpiece "Pretty Woman" from 1964, the song is a trailblazer for the 1960s

The Rolling Stones

One of the most notorious, longest lasting, and influential of the British Invasion Blues-based bands ● The Rolling Stones got their start in Dartford, England where Jaggar and Richards grew up ● The band officially formed in 1962 ● Their first hit came in 1963 with "Satisfaction" ● The Stones cultivated a "bad boy" image this was done to separate them from the Beatles

Chocked Guitar

One of these percussive sounds was the "chocked guitar" which was used by James Brown's guitarists' onward-acts more as a rhythmic sound, more than a melodic part

Pink Floyd

Pink Floyd were the kings of the concept album-secured their place in Rock and Roll history with 1973's Dark Side of the Moon ✖ David Gilmour (guitar), Nick Mason (drums), Richard Wright (keyboards), and Roger Waters (bass) ✖ Mixture of electronic sounds (use of a heart beat), life sounds (voices and non-musical sounds like the cash register), and art-rock sounds (seven-beat measures in "Money")

Southern Rock

Rock and Roll began as a Southern music Rockabilly was a predecessor of Southern rock Southern Rock emerged through the Allman Brothers The Southern Rock story is based largely on the success of the Allman Brothers and Lynyrd Skynyrd

The Who -band members

Roger Daltrey, Pete Townsend, John Entwhistle, Keith Moon

Sam and Dave

Sam Moore and Dave Prater were the main southern soul act • They sang with the raw intensity of southern gospel music • Soul Man: Recorded in 1967 and became a huge hit

Solo-oriented Rock

Solo acts increased exponentially in the 1960s ● They still drew heavily on the blues, but did so in a less band-oriented manner ● Solo artists of the time included: Eric Clapton and Jimi Hendrix

MLK Jr.

The 1960s was the heyday of the civil rights movement • In 1964 the Civil Rights Act and in 1965 the Voting Rights Act was passed • Martin Luther King Jr. was one of the more prominent Civil Rights leaders

The Band (Levon Helm)

The Band consisted of Levon Helms (drummer) from Arkansas and four Canadians The four Canadians were Robbie Robertson (guitar), Richard Manuel and Garth Hudson (keyboards) and Rick Danko (bass) Obtained honorary American Band status because of their influences Without Helm the group backed Dylan in 1965 (the year he went electric) The music that they wrote had roots in country and soul which was mixed with Rock and Roll

The Doors

The Doors was formed in 1965 when Jim Morrison met Ray Manzarek while studying film at UCLA ✖ Made a fast climb to the top and had a slow and painful descent from it ✖ Their first album The Doors hit the charts in 1967 and reached #2, The Doors always had a hot/cool sound that is similar to today's Nü-Metal bands

The Grateful Dead

The Grateful Dead was begun by Jerry Garcia and Bob Weir The Dead were best known for their long "jam" songs that contained extended solos The Dead were the quintessential San Francisco hippie band-they lived communally for years, indulged in all the current drug crazes, and played their music all of the time

Motown- Berry Gordy

The Motown label was started by Berry Gordy with a vision of creating a popular black music style that had crossover appeal, Detroit, 60s

Influenced by Dylan

The Underground's music is influenced by Dylan in both the importance of the words and in Reed's flat, half-spoken presentation

American Rock & Roll

The soundtrack of this activity included: Janis Joplin, Jefferson Airplane, Steve Miller Band, Santana, Creedence Clearwater Revival, and the Grateful Dead

Hard Rock

These bands all had a harder sound than the Beatles with more distorted guitar, stronger beats, rougher vocals, and a more aggressive attitude - guitar driven ● This rougher edged style is called Hard Rock ● An aspect of hard rock is the use of power chords-three note chord that uses the root, fifth, and octave (with no third)

Progressive Rock

True progressive rock requires the use adapting classical music practices to Rock music ✖ Bands that fit this mold are Emerson, Lake, and Palmer; Genesis (early); Jethro Tull; and Yes

The Surfaris

Wipe out, west coast surfer music

Beach Boys-led by Brian Wilson

With the rise of the Beach Boys the west coast gets into the mix During the early 1960s, rock and roll became part of a new subculture of southern California surfers

Jean Luc Ponte/Jazz Violinist

Worked with Frank Zappa and his band

The Beatles

a British band that had an enormous influence on popular music in the 1960s,

The Eagles

a country rock band from So Cal that played a more complete fusion of country and rock musical styles than most previous country rock groups. Originally formed of Don Henley (drums), Glenn Frey (guitar), Bernie, Leadon (banjo, steel guitar and other country instruments), and Randy Meisner (bass) In 1975, the Eagles abruptly shifted direction; Leadon left the band and was replaced with Joe Walsh An example of this new sound is the single "Hotel California" from 1977, which adopts a reggae feel

Rock Opera

a genre within art rock (and, later, progressive rock) that utilizes the musical style of rock in the operatic format

Concept Album

a rock album featuring a cycle of songs expressing a particular theme or idea. The beatles