Music appreciation unit 2

Estampie

a single melodic line is notated and as usual, no instrument is specified. The melody is played on a rebec: a bowed string instrument, and a pipe: a tubular wind instrument.

*Peasants

a vast majority of the entire population

Hildegard of Bingen

abbess of Rupertsberg, wrote music for the choir.

Renaissance

15th and 16th century in Europe, "rebirth" of human creativity- a period of exploration and adventure, curiosity and individualism.

*Notre Dame

2 successive choirmasters of Notre Dame, Leonin and Perotin are among the 1st notable composers known by name. Their followers are referred to as the School of Notre Dame. their music used measured rhythm with definite time values and clearly defined meter.

*Gregorian chant: Alleluia

Alleluia from the mass for Epiphany; Alleluia is Hebrew for Hallelujah syllables of text. The monophonic texture of the chant is varied by alternation between a soloist and a choir singing in unison. The chant is ABA form.

5 sung-prayers of the ordinary text

Kyrie Gloria Credo Sanctus Agnus Dei

*Gregorian chant: O successors

O successors by the nun Hildegard of Bingen, was the 1st woman composer to be sung by the nuns in Hildegard's convent.

New Art: ars nova

changes in musical style in the 14th century were so profound that music theorists referred to Italian and French music as new art.

Rondeau

Puis qu'en oubi sui de vous- Machaut, one of the main poetic and musical forms in the 14th and 15th century France. The poem has 8 lines, each ending with either the syllable mis or mant. Also consists of two phrases a and b.

Word painting

a musical depiction of specific words

A cappella

choral music. renaissance choral music didn't need instrumental accompaniment, the period is sometimes called the "golden age"

Gregorian chant

consists of melody set to sacred Latin texts and sung without accompaniment. For over 1,000 years this was the official music of the roman catholic church. The chant is monophonic in texture, and was named after Pope Gregory 1 the great.

Drone

consists of one or more long, sustained tones accompanying a melody.

Mass Ordinary

consists of texts that remain the same from day to day throughout the church year.

*Gregorian chant

conveys a calm quality, it represents the voice of the church, rather than that of any single individual. Its rhythm is flexible without meter and has little sense of beat.

Terpsichore

court dances in duple and triple meter come from Terpsichore, a collection of over 300 dance tunes arranged for instrumental ensemble by Michael Praetorius, a German composer and theorist. Terpsichore: was the greek muse or goddess, of the dance.

Lute

derives from the Arab instrument known as the ud, literally the wood. is a plucked string instrument with a body shaped like a half a pear.

* wandering minstrels

during the middle ages, wandering minstrels or jonglers-juggler come from this french word.

Humanism

focused on human life and its accomplishments. Humanists weren't concerned with afterlife in heaven or hell

Instrumental music

instrumental groups performed polyphonic vocal pieces which were often published with the indication to be sung or played.

Mass

is a polyphonic choral composition made up of 5 sections: Kyrie, Gloria, Credo, Sanctus, Agnus Dei

Motet

is a polyphonic choral work set to sacred Latin text other than the ordinary of the mass

Madrigal

is an important type of secular music during the renaissance, it is a piece for several solo voices set to a short poem, usually about love. Combines homophobic and polyphonic textures.

*Agnus Dei

is based on a Gregorian chant, which Machaut finished with new rhythmic patterns and placed in the tenor. The chant or cantus firmus, s rhythmically altered within a polyphonic web, it is in 3 sections like: agnus dei 1: A, agnus dei 2: B, agnus dei 3: A.

*descending

is sung to downward scales

*ascending

is sung to upward scales

Organum

medieval music that consists of Gregorian chant and one or more additional melodic lines.

*medieval monks and nuns

monks and nuns spent several hours of each day singing Gregorian chant in two types of services: the office and the mass.

*Instrumental music for dances

much of the instrumental music was intended for dancing, a popular renaissance entertainment. Court dances were often performed in pairs. A favorite pair was the stately pavane or passamezzo, in duple meter and the lively galliard, in the triple meter.

*Renaissance musicians continued

other instruments include shawms, cornetts: wooden instruments with ap-shaped mouthpieces, sackbuts: early trombones, lutes, viols: bowed string instruments, organs regals: small organs with reed pipes, and harpsichords.

*Renaissance musicians

renaissance musicians distinguished between loud, outdoor instruments like the trumpet, and the shawm: a double-reed ancestor of the oboe. Also soft, indoor instruments like the lute and the recorder: an early flute.

Church modes

the "otherworldly" sound of Gregorian chant results partly from the unfamiliar scales used these scales are known as church modes- simply modes.

*1st secular music

the 1st large body of secular songs surviving in decipherable notation were composed during the 12th and 13th centuries by French nobles called -troubadours and trouveres.

*church and instruments

the church frowned upon instruments due to their recent role in pagan rites. -organs and bells became increasingly common in cathedrals -people said, "instruments belong in a theater not a place of worship."

Mass 1

the highlight of the liturgical day was a ritual reenactment of the last supper.

*secular music

the pleasure of secular music and dance were evoked by the 13th century theologian Henri de Malines, as he reminisced about his life as a young student in Paris.

*2 forms of sacred Renaissance music

the two main forms of sacred Renaissance music are the motet and the mass

*Guillaume de Machaut

was famous as both a musician and a poet,one of the 1st love songs and then the Notre Dame mass, the best known composition of the 14th century. He was in a relationship with a young lady and he immortalized theri love in his greatest narrative poem, Le Livre Dou Voir Dit.