Music History: Classical Period
Beethoven's basis of music is in the style of what two composers?
C.P.E. Bach and Mozart
Joseph Boulogne commonly was called?
Chevalier de Saint-Georges
What are Joseph Haydn's nicknames?
"Papa" Haydn, "Father of Symphony", and "Father of String Quartet"
Who was Mozart's thematic cataloguer and letter?
Ludwig Ritter von Köchel K
________, attempted to recapture the "noble simplicity and calm grandeur" of the Ancient Greek and Roman art.
Neoclassical style
What are the other names for Beethoven's Symphony No. 3, 6, and 9
No. 3 "Eroica" No. 6 "The Pastoral" No. 9 "The Choral"
The extended variation-finale is a setting for soloist and chorus of Friedrich von Schiller's ______________, an old to universal brotherhood.
No. 9 in Dm
Number of keys on piano
88
What revolutions and movements happened in the Classical Period?
-American and French Revolutions -Napoleonic Wars -Power shift to middle class
List various ways the word "classical" is used
-Applied to Ancient Greek and Roman art -Music of Western European tradition -Qualities of simplicity, dignity, and logical order
List 5 characteristics of the period
-Contrast of mood -Rhythm -Clarity of form -Texture -Polished and refined
Name 5 characteristics of Beethoven's Symphony No. 3
-Expansion of the form -Harmonic novelties -Rhythmic boldness (misplaced accents) -New passionate sound language -Insertion of funeral march
Characteristics of the Mannheim School
-Mannheim Crescendo (careful, gradual increase in volume) -Mannheim Rocket (swiftly ascending passage typically having a rising arpeggiated melodic line together with a crescendo) -Mannheim Roller (an extended crescendo passage typically having a rising melodic line over an ostinato bass line) -Mannheim Sigh (mannered treatment of the Baroque practice of putting more weight on the first of two notes in descending pairs of slurred notes) -Mannheim Birds (imitation of birds chirping in solo passages) -Mannheim Climax (a high-energy section of music where all instruments drop out except for the strings)
Name Beethoven's traits
-Power of rhythm -Melodic expansion -Dynamic contrasts -Clarity of themes, motives, and their development
Name 5 Opera reforms
-Renewed emphasis on dramatic qualities -Less emphasis on "rigid" structure on conventions -Moved away from the virtuosi elements -More dramatic use of orchestra -Reappearance of chorus
Dates of period
1750-1820
Breakdown of movements
1: fast 2: slow 3: dance-related 4: fast
What is the number that Mozart uses throughout The Magic Flute? Name each one
3 Dominant key is Eb, opera opens with 3 chords repeated at entrance of 3 Ladies and 3 Boys, and tamino is subjected to 3 trials (overseen by 3 priests)
How many symphonies did Mozart write?
41
What was the title and volumes of Charles Burney's first history book?
A General History of Music, from the Earliest Ages to Present Period Volume 4
Classical composers idealize a ________ between emotion and intellect.
Balance
Who invented the pianoforte? In what year?
Bartolomeo Cristofori 1709
Name Antonio Salieri's famous pupils.
Beethoven Schubert Czerny Hummel Liszt Mozart's sons
What does the C.P.E. stand for in the name C.P.E. Bach?
Carl Philipp Emanuel
This person was a master harpsichordist, and after the death of Telemann he became the director of music of the five city churches of Hamburg.
Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach
What is the instrumentation of Mozart's Requiem Mass K. 626?
Chorus with soloists (soprano, alto, tenor bass), 2 basset horns (clarinet), 2 bassoons, 2 trumpets, 3 trombones, timpani, strings and organ
Name Beethoven's teachers
Christian Neefe Johann George Albrechtsberger Antonio Salieri Haydn
German composer who's reform of opera had far reaching influence on later composers.
Christoph Willibald Gluck
"Le Cercle de l'Harmonie" means?
Circle of Harmony
_________ and ________ usually follows this four-movement pattern.
Classical symphonies and string quartets
Classical composer of operas used?
Common ideals found in many of the disciplines
Two great musical trends of 19th century are both based on Ludwig van Beethoven, what are they?
Conservative line Neo-German school
Name Mozart's greatest singspiel (in English and German)
Die Zauberflöte (Magic Flute)
Don Giovanni is a?
Dramma Giocosco
Name Beethoven's three periods and the major compositions in each
Early Period (1792-1802): Symphonies 1, 2 Middle Period (1803-1816): Symphonies 3-8, Fidelio Late Period (1817-1827): Diubell (variations), Missa Solemins, 9th Symphony
Name a popular chamber piece
Eine Kleine Nachtmusik, K. 525
What is Janissary Band where did it originate?
Elite corps of mounted musicians composed of players on shawm and bass drum Originated in Turkey
Who wrote the libretto for The Magic Flute?
Emanuel Sohikaneder
J.C. Bach's Music includes a new emphasis on ________, a shift to concert hall forms and genres, and a conscious feathering of _______
Emotional expression Virtuoso instrumentation registration
Was he influenced by Empfindsamer Stil or Emfindsamerkeit?
Empfindsamer Stil
How did these bands affect the makeup of Western orchestras?
Established percussion instruments of Turkish origin as permanent members
He served under what family for over 30 years?
Esterházy
What are the 3 sections of the Sonata or Sonata Allegro Form?
Exposition, development, and recapitulation (ending with coda)
Haydn frequently used what as melodic material in his music?
Folk music
Who finished Mozart's Requiem Mass K. 626?
Franc Xaver
Name 3 composers of Viennese School
Franz Joseph Haydn Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Ludwig van Beethoven
What famous society was Mozart a member of?
Freemasons
Term _______ was applied to light and graceful music.
Galant style
This person was influential in the development of the Classical style of Haydn and others. He also contributed to the growth of the classical form, especially of the symphony.
Giovanni Battista Sammartini
The cataloguer and letter of Joseph Haydn's music is?
Hoboken (H)
The director of the Paris Opera commissioned the two rivals, Gluck and Piccinni to compose an opera on the same text. What is the name of this opera?
Iphigénie en Tauride
He was influenced by ________ as a child and later in life by ______.
J.C. Bach J.S. Bach
Famous German conductor located in Mannheim and was also the court's violinist for some time
Johan Stämitz
Who is known at the as the "London" Bach?
Johann Christian Bach
Write Mozart's complete name.
Johannes Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilius Amadeus Mozart
This person is best remembered for his association with Beethoven who wrote the _______________ for him.
Kreutzer Sonata Op. 47 (By George Augustus Polgreen Bridgetower)
Not only was he among the most important musicians on Paris during pre-revolutionary period, but he was also a Colonel of the _________.
Legion des Hussards Americains
What is the Heiligenstadt Testament?
Letter written by Beethoven about his illness.
Who was W.A. Mozart's librettist for his 3 Italian operas?
Lorenzo da Ponte
As an individualist, Beethoven was the first musician to?
Manage to free himself from the position of a mere servant
He began to develop a style intended to restore it to its original purpose of expressing in music the _______ or _________ conveyed by the words.
Meaning Emotion
Mozart's earliest compositions, ________ at age 6, first ________ at age 9, first _______ at age 11 and _______ at age 12.
Minuets Symphony Oratorio Opera
On his deathbed Salieri confessed to killing who?
Mozart
Name Gluck's famous opera.
Orfeo de Euridice
How many piano concerto's did he write?
Over 20
Saint-Georges premiered what symphonies of Haydn's?
Paris Symphonies, No. 82-87
Who is Rosenbaum and what is his relationship to Haydn?
Phrenologist who collected heads; stole his head.
Difference between pianoforte and harpsichord?
Pianoforte could produce degree of volume.
Transition from Baroque to Classical period is called? What are the dates?
Preclassical period 1730-1770
Lorenzo da Ponte moved to the U.S. and became the first what?
Professor of Italian language and literature at Columbia
Name Mozart's last composition
Requiem K. 626
What is the Age of Enlightenment?
Revolt against supernatural religion and church. Moves towards more natural religion and practical morality.
Heavy Baroque style gave way to the more graceful intimate________, with its light colors, curved lines and graceful ornaments.
Rococo style
Where was Mozart buried?
St. Marx
What is the difference between Empfindsamer Stil and Empfindsamkeit?
Stil: Similar to stile Galant and Rococo Style, sensitive, melancholy Keit: Abrupt style changes, storm and stress, violent and sudden dynamic changes
4 sections of Classical Orchestra
Strings Woodwinds Brass Percussion
He was one of the pioneering composers of the ______, a genre very much in fashion in Paris in the last quarter of the 18th century.
Symphonie concertante
Haydn is known mostly for the development of the ______ year and the establishment of the ______.
Symphony String quartet
Salieri's 45 Italian operas are traditional in their emphasis on melodic expression. Name his most successful opera.
Tarare
Name his two great oratorios.
The Creation The Seasons
Name Mozart's three Italian opera (in English and Italian)
The Marriage of Fiagro (Le nozzle di Figaro) Women Are Like That (Cosi Fan Tutte) Don Juan (Don Giovanni)
What is regarded as the most important practical book on music of the 18th century?
The True Art of Playing Keyboard Instruments
Classical period moved away from polyphony and more towards ___________
Tuneful melody; 6 simple harmony
Sound of Classical music can be described as having a ________, ________, _______ that are supported by chords.
Uncomplicated, clear, singable melodies
In the Medieval Period the music center was Paris (Notre Dame), in Renaissance it moved towards Venice (San Marco), but in the Classical Period the musical center is in?
Vienna
What city is the provincial center of the arts at this time?
Vienna
Name one of Johann Bach's famous pupils
W.A. Mozart
Organist at the St. Sophia Church in Dresden, and was so vastly superior then others that when he tried out for the job no one stood a chance.
Wilhelm Freidemann Bach
What does the catalogue letters "Wq" mean?
Wotquenne