Music History: Classical Period

Beethoven's basis of music is in the style of what two composers?

C.P.E. Bach and Mozart

Joseph Boulogne commonly was called?

Chevalier de Saint-Georges

What are Joseph Haydn's nicknames?

"Papa" Haydn, "Father of Symphony", and "Father of String Quartet"

Who was Mozart's thematic cataloguer and letter?

Ludwig Ritter von Köchel K

________, attempted to recapture the "noble simplicity and calm grandeur" of the Ancient Greek and Roman art.

Neoclassical style

What are the other names for Beethoven's Symphony No. 3, 6, and 9

No. 3 "Eroica" No. 6 "The Pastoral" No. 9 "The Choral"

The extended variation-finale is a setting for soloist and chorus of Friedrich von Schiller's ______________, an old to universal brotherhood.

No. 9 in Dm

Number of keys on piano

88

What revolutions and movements happened in the Classical Period?

-American and French Revolutions -Napoleonic Wars -Power shift to middle class

List various ways the word "classical" is used

-Applied to Ancient Greek and Roman art -Music of Western European tradition -Qualities of simplicity, dignity, and logical order

List 5 characteristics of the period

-Contrast of mood -Rhythm -Clarity of form -Texture -Polished and refined

Name 5 characteristics of Beethoven's Symphony No. 3

-Expansion of the form -Harmonic novelties -Rhythmic boldness (misplaced accents) -New passionate sound language -Insertion of funeral march

Characteristics of the Mannheim School

-Mannheim Crescendo (careful, gradual increase in volume) -Mannheim Rocket (swiftly ascending passage typically having a rising arpeggiated melodic line together with a crescendo) -Mannheim Roller (an extended crescendo passage typically having a rising melodic line over an ostinato bass line) -Mannheim Sigh (mannered treatment of the Baroque practice of putting more weight on the first of two notes in descending pairs of slurred notes) -Mannheim Birds (imitation of birds chirping in solo passages) -Mannheim Climax (a high-energy section of music where all instruments drop out except for the strings)

Name Beethoven's traits

-Power of rhythm -Melodic expansion -Dynamic contrasts -Clarity of themes, motives, and their development

Name 5 Opera reforms

-Renewed emphasis on dramatic qualities -Less emphasis on "rigid" structure on conventions -Moved away from the virtuosi elements -More dramatic use of orchestra -Reappearance of chorus

Dates of period

1750-1820

Breakdown of movements

1: fast 2: slow 3: dance-related 4: fast

What is the number that Mozart uses throughout The Magic Flute? Name each one

3 Dominant key is Eb, opera opens with 3 chords repeated at entrance of 3 Ladies and 3 Boys, and tamino is subjected to 3 trials (overseen by 3 priests)

How many symphonies did Mozart write?

41

What was the title and volumes of Charles Burney's first history book?

A General History of Music, from the Earliest Ages to Present Period Volume 4

Classical composers idealize a ________ between emotion and intellect.

Balance

Who invented the pianoforte? In what year?

Bartolomeo Cristofori 1709

Name Antonio Salieri's famous pupils.

Beethoven Schubert Czerny Hummel Liszt Mozart's sons

What does the C.P.E. stand for in the name C.P.E. Bach?

Carl Philipp Emanuel

This person was a master harpsichordist, and after the death of Telemann he became the director of music of the five city churches of Hamburg.

Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach

What is the instrumentation of Mozart's Requiem Mass K. 626?

Chorus with soloists (soprano, alto, tenor bass), 2 basset horns (clarinet), 2 bassoons, 2 trumpets, 3 trombones, timpani, strings and organ

Name Beethoven's teachers

Christian Neefe Johann George Albrechtsberger Antonio Salieri Haydn

German composer who's reform of opera had far reaching influence on later composers.

Christoph Willibald Gluck

"Le Cercle de l'Harmonie" means?

Circle of Harmony

_________ and ________ usually follows this four-movement pattern.

Classical symphonies and string quartets

Classical composer of operas used?

Common ideals found in many of the disciplines

Two great musical trends of 19th century are both based on Ludwig van Beethoven, what are they?

Conservative line Neo-German school

Name Mozart's greatest singspiel (in English and German)

Die Zauberflöte (Magic Flute)

Don Giovanni is a?

Dramma Giocosco

Name Beethoven's three periods and the major compositions in each

Early Period (1792-1802): Symphonies 1, 2 Middle Period (1803-1816): Symphonies 3-8, Fidelio Late Period (1817-1827): Diubell (variations), Missa Solemins, 9th Symphony

Name a popular chamber piece

Eine Kleine Nachtmusik, K. 525

What is Janissary Band where did it originate?

Elite corps of mounted musicians composed of players on shawm and bass drum Originated in Turkey

Who wrote the libretto for The Magic Flute?

Emanuel Sohikaneder

J.C. Bach's Music includes a new emphasis on ________, a shift to concert hall forms and genres, and a conscious feathering of _______

Emotional expression Virtuoso instrumentation registration

Was he influenced by Empfindsamer Stil or Emfindsamerkeit?

Empfindsamer Stil

How did these bands affect the makeup of Western orchestras?

Established percussion instruments of Turkish origin as permanent members

He served under what family for over 30 years?

Esterházy

What are the 3 sections of the Sonata or Sonata Allegro Form?

Exposition, development, and recapitulation (ending with coda)

Haydn frequently used what as melodic material in his music?

Folk music

Who finished Mozart's Requiem Mass K. 626?

Franc Xaver

Name 3 composers of Viennese School

Franz Joseph Haydn Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Ludwig van Beethoven

What famous society was Mozart a member of?

Freemasons

Term _______ was applied to light and graceful music.

Galant style

This person was influential in the development of the Classical style of Haydn and others. He also contributed to the growth of the classical form, especially of the symphony.

Giovanni Battista Sammartini

The cataloguer and letter of Joseph Haydn's music is?

Hoboken (H)

The director of the Paris Opera commissioned the two rivals, Gluck and Piccinni to compose an opera on the same text. What is the name of this opera?

Iphigénie en Tauride

He was influenced by ________ as a child and later in life by ______.

J.C. Bach J.S. Bach

Famous German conductor located in Mannheim and was also the court's violinist for some time

Johan Stämitz

Who is known at the as the "London" Bach?

Johann Christian Bach

Write Mozart's complete name.

Johannes Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilius Amadeus Mozart

This person is best remembered for his association with Beethoven who wrote the _______________ for him.

Kreutzer Sonata Op. 47 (By George Augustus Polgreen Bridgetower)

Not only was he among the most important musicians on Paris during pre-revolutionary period, but he was also a Colonel of the _________.

Legion des Hussards Americains

What is the Heiligenstadt Testament?

Letter written by Beethoven about his illness.

Who was W.A. Mozart's librettist for his 3 Italian operas?

Lorenzo da Ponte

As an individualist, Beethoven was the first musician to?

Manage to free himself from the position of a mere servant

He began to develop a style intended to restore it to its original purpose of expressing in music the _______ or _________ conveyed by the words.

Meaning Emotion

Mozart's earliest compositions, ________ at age 6, first ________ at age 9, first _______ at age 11 and _______ at age 12.

Minuets Symphony Oratorio Opera

On his deathbed Salieri confessed to killing who?

Mozart

Name Gluck's famous opera.

Orfeo de Euridice

How many piano concerto's did he write?

Over 20

Saint-Georges premiered what symphonies of Haydn's?

Paris Symphonies, No. 82-87

Who is Rosenbaum and what is his relationship to Haydn?

Phrenologist who collected heads; stole his head.

Difference between pianoforte and harpsichord?

Pianoforte could produce degree of volume.

Transition from Baroque to Classical period is called? What are the dates?

Preclassical period 1730-1770

Lorenzo da Ponte moved to the U.S. and became the first what?

Professor of Italian language and literature at Columbia

Name Mozart's last composition

Requiem K. 626

What is the Age of Enlightenment?

Revolt against supernatural religion and church. Moves towards more natural religion and practical morality.

Heavy Baroque style gave way to the more graceful intimate________, with its light colors, curved lines and graceful ornaments.

Rococo style

Where was Mozart buried?

St. Marx

What is the difference between Empfindsamer Stil and Empfindsamkeit?

Stil: Similar to stile Galant and Rococo Style, sensitive, melancholy Keit: Abrupt style changes, storm and stress, violent and sudden dynamic changes

4 sections of Classical Orchestra

Strings Woodwinds Brass Percussion

He was one of the pioneering composers of the ______, a genre very much in fashion in Paris in the last quarter of the 18th century.

Symphonie concertante

Haydn is known mostly for the development of the ______ year and the establishment of the ______.

Symphony String quartet

Salieri's 45 Italian operas are traditional in their emphasis on melodic expression. Name his most successful opera.

Tarare

Name his two great oratorios.

The Creation The Seasons

Name Mozart's three Italian opera (in English and Italian)

The Marriage of Fiagro (Le nozzle di Figaro) Women Are Like That (Cosi Fan Tutte) Don Juan (Don Giovanni)

What is regarded as the most important practical book on music of the 18th century?

The True Art of Playing Keyboard Instruments

Classical period moved away from polyphony and more towards ___________

Tuneful melody; 6 simple harmony

Sound of Classical music can be described as having a ________, ________, _______ that are supported by chords.

Uncomplicated, clear, singable melodies

In the Medieval Period the music center was Paris (Notre Dame), in Renaissance it moved towards Venice (San Marco), but in the Classical Period the musical center is in?

Vienna

What city is the provincial center of the arts at this time?

Vienna

Name one of Johann Bach's famous pupils

W.A. Mozart

Organist at the St. Sophia Church in Dresden, and was so vastly superior then others that when he tried out for the job no one stood a chance.

Wilhelm Freidemann Bach

What does the catalogue letters "Wq" mean?

Wotquenne