(N) MS/Breast/Superficial - Chapter 14
Hyperemic flow within or around a structure is indicative of:
Inflammation
A 6 year old female patient presents to the sonography department for a hip sonogram with irritability, unwillingness to walk, and low grade fever. Sonographically you visualize a hypoechoic fluid collection that elevates the joint capsule. What is diagnosis?
Joint effusion
What is best described as a benign tumor comprised of fat?
Lipoma
Things that will aid in the sonographic assessment of an achilles tendon:
Patient prone with feet hanging off end of bed Scanning symptomatic and asymptomatic for comparison scanning entire tendon in trv and sag for evaluation
A patient presents with a palpable, oozing mass a the level of the natal cleft. What etiology is this mass?
Pilonidal Cyst
In what position should the patient be placed to better evaluate the achilles tendon?
Prone
Inflammation of the breast that is related to pregnancy is referred to as?
Puerperal mastitis
Acoustic shadowing caused by bending of a sound beam at the edge of a curved reflector is referred to as:
Refractive shadowing
Baker cysts can be seen in the presence of what two things?
Rheumatoid Arthritis Knee joint issues
Where are the 5 most likely places that superficial epidermal cysts are found?
Scalp Face Neck Back Trunk
How do you know if the infant is suffering from DDH - Developmental dysplasia of infant hip?
Small Alpha/Large Beta Angles
A patient presents with a hx of cellulitis on his abdomen. Patient has a fever, edema, and complains of focal tenderness in a specific region affected by the cellulitis. Sonographically, you identify a localized complex collection of fluid. Whats the most likely dx?
Superficial abscess
a standoff pad is most useful in imaging:
Superficial structures
Fluid within the synovial sheath is indicative of:
Tendosynovitis
Inflammation of the tendon and synovial tendon sheath is referred to as:
Tendosynovitis
What is true about patients with a lipoma?
They feel no pain in the area of the mass
What test can be performed to determine a torn achilles tendon?
Thompson test
What is the most likely cause of a hip joint effusion in infants?
Transient synovitis
3 keys you can use to identify foreign bodies:
Use a linear array Use a standoff pad Comet tail artifacts may be seen posterior to metal objects
Can tendonitis yield hyperemic flow?
Yes
Name 3 things that are true of Ganglion cysts:
Appear incompressible, anechoic mass with acoustic enhancement May be hard to the touch or painful Often treated with an injection of corticosteroids
A cystic mass located within the popliteal foss is most likely a:
Baker cyst
The accumulation of synovial fluid from a weakening in the joint capsule of the knee, as seen in conditions such as rheumatioid arthritis can result in a:
Baker cyst
Ganglion cyst is also referred to as?
Bible bump
tendons sonographically appear as:
Echogenic, fibrous structures connecting muscles to bone
A partial tear of a tendon typically appears as:
Focal hypoechoic areas within the tendon
A common mass found along the dorsal aspect of the hand and wrist is the:
Ganglion Cyst
What is the technique used to measure the relationship o f the femoral head and acetabulum by evaluating the alpha and beta angle?
Graf
The achilles tendon connects the:
Heel to the calf muscle
What would be a benign tumor comprised of blood vessels?
Hemangioma
What transducer would be best suited to sonographically assess for a splinter in a patients hand?
High frequency linear array transducer
Superficial lipomas may appear as:
Hypo, Hyper or Isoechoic to surrounding tissues
Sonographically, normal muscle appears as:
Hypoechoic tissue that contains linear, echogenic strands
What best describes the most common sonographic appearance of gynecomastia?
Hypoechoic, retroareolar mass
Ortolani test requires leg to be:
ABducted
Barlow test requires leg to be:
ADducted
At the site of the foreign body what may produce bright echoes and therefore cause some ambiguity about the correct orientation of the object?
Air
Clinical findings of a baker cyst may mimic those of:
DVT - deep vein thrombosis
What is mastitis associated with most commonly?
Breastfeeding
What best describes the Thompson test?
Calf is squeezed and foot should plantarflex in a patient who does not have a complete tear of the achilles tendon.
Inflammation and infection of the skin and and subcutaneous tissue is termed:
Cellulitis
Bullets, shrapnel, and other metallic objects may cause
Comet tail artifact
What is a clinical test for developmental hip dysplasia that is used to evaluate the hip for the reduction or relocation of a dislocated hip?
Ortolani test
Name 3 clinical findings of tendonitis:
Pain Edema Warmth to the area
A complicated baker cyst may contain a thin flap of tissue referred to as:
Pannus
Sublaxation denotes:
Partial hip dislocation
What best describes the Thompson test?
Patient lies prone with the symptomatic calf is squeezed