NASM Section 2
A client is asked, "Why do you want to lose weight?" This is an example of what kind of question? Open-ended Directive Contemplation Closed-ended
Open-ended
When family members are not supportive of exercise-related behaviors, it can be viewed as which of the following? Ambivalence toward exercise A barrier to exercise An influence on exercise Amotivation to exercise
A barrier to exercise
Which communication technique allows the fitness professional to show appreciation of a client's strengths? Reflections Collecting summaries Affirmations Transitional summaries
Affirmations
What type of imagery occurs when a client imagines health-related outcomes? Energy imagery Positive self-talk Appearance imagery Technique imagery
Appearance imagery
When it comes to barriers to exercise, which statement is correct? It is impossible to ever fully overcome all barriers. All individuals have "lack of time" as a barrier. Barriers to exercise are often cited by people who are sedentary or infrequently active. Barriers never change; therefore, individuals need to focus on motives.
Barriers to exercise are often cited by people who are sedentary or infrequently active.
Which of the following is true about body image? Body image may not match reality, and people may view their bodies in a negative way and evaluate themselves inaccurately. Body image is measured accurately based on an individual evaluating a picture of themselves. Body image is a very stable variable and, once established, rarely changes for an individual. Body image is more positive in individuals who regularly exercise in a group setting.
Body image may not match reality, and people may view their bodies in a negative way and evaluate themselves inaccurately. Body image may not match reality.
A client has thoughts that they cannot exercise on their own, that they look silly doing it, and that other people are watching them. They believe these thoughts to be true. What is occurring? Reverse listing Stopping Acceptance Cognitive fusion
Cognitive fusion
Which of the following reasons for group exercise participation is described as having a schedule and being able to anticipate what the exercise experience will be like? Mindlessness Intensity Accountability Consistency
Consistency Consistency refers to having a schedule and being able to anticipate what the experience will be like, which will help form habits.
When a person is ambivalent about changing, what stage of change are they likely in? Maintenance Precontemplation Contemplation Action
Contemplation
A long-term client has recently indicated that she wants to start training for a fitness competition and, due to her competitive nature, she indicates that she wants to win. Which type of motivation is driving her? Affiliation motivation Extrinsic motivation Autonomy motivation Intrinsic motivation
Extrinsic motivation
Social physique anxiety is more prevalent in which population? People with a low body mass index Females Males People with a low body fat percentage
Females Social physique anxiety is more prevalent in females.
When a client makes a plan, such as, "When I am done with work, I will run for 30 minutes," what are they doing? Stating an outcome expectation Self-monitoring Creating a coping plan Forming an implementation intention
Forming an implementation intention Implementation intentions link goal-directed behaviors with good opportunities to act.
The impact that family members, peers, or coworkers have over someone's decision to exercise describes which of the following terms? Societal influence Group influence Health influence Peer pressure
Group influence
A new client is having trouble managing her busy schedule and has cancelled her last 3 personal training sessions. What is the best option for the fitness professional? Politely let the client know that you are transferring them to another trainer. Refund the remaining sessions and actively search for a new client. Help the client determine her barriers, and talk through strategies to overcome them. Let the client know that cancelling sessions costs them money without providing any benefits.
Help the client determine her barriers, and talk through strategies to overcome them.
Self-esteem is defined by which of the following? How someone conceptualizes their place in society How someone views their physical self or how they visualize their body When someone is anxious about how others view their body How someone evaluates their own self-worth physically, emotionally, and socially
How someone evaluates their own self-worth physically, emotionally, and socially
A client wants to improve their deadlift. Which of the following is an outcome goal? I want to deadlift once per week. I want to deadlift after work. I want to lift 3 times per week. I want to deadlift 300 pounds.
I want to deadlift 300 pounds.
Which of the following most closely resembles a SMART goal? I want to lose 20 pounds. I want to lose weight. I want to lose 20 pounds over the next 8 months. I want to lose 20 pounds in the next month.
I want to lose 20 pounds over the next 8 months. This goal is specific, measurable, attainable, realistic, and timely.
A client wants to improve their mile time. Which of the following is an outcome goal? I want to run a 6-minute mile. I want to run outside. I want to run in the morning before work. I want to run 3 times per week.
I want to run a 6-minute mile.
What behavior change technique is a specific plan that drives behavior by identifying cues toward action? Guided practice Implementation intention Coping plan Self-monitoring
Implementation intention
Which type of support is the most common provided by a fitness professional? Emotional support Companionship support Instrumental support Informational support
Informational support Overall, a fitness professional will be the biggest source of information about exercise.
A client who has been training consistently for over a year has indicated that he wants to find more efficient ways to exercise at home. Which type of social support does he need? Emotional support Instrumental support Informational support Companionship support
Informational support When a client needs more information about strategies about how to improve their exercise routine, the fitness professional is providing informational support.
A new client has indicated that they are exercising due to advice from their physician, but they are generally amotivated. What would be the best choice for the personal trainer in their initial meeting? Start establishing an emotional support system. Establish short- and long-term goals. Create a plan for overcoming barriers. Inquire further about what their motives are for participating.
Inquire further about what their motives are for participating.
Long-term exercise adherence is associated with which type of motivation? Intrinsic motivation Extrinsic motivation Amotivation Incentive motivation
Intrinsic motivation
Which type of motivation would be characterized by a client who enjoys the process of becoming more fit? Affiliation motivation Extrinsic motivation Achievement motivation Intrinsic motivation
Intrinsic motivation
Not having someone to exercise with would be an example of which type of barrier? Lack of willpower Lack of convenience Lack of motivation Lack of social support
Lack of social support
Which leadership component refers to the leader being a great example for how to live a healthy and balanced life, which includes being optimistic, empathetic, and knowledgeable? Leader's style The requirements of the leader Leader's qualities The personality of the leader
Leader's qualities
What part of a SMART goal involves being able to track progress? Attainable Measurable Timely Specific
Measurable
What is a client-centric coaching style that helps enhance their desire to change by resolving ambivalence? Motivational interviewing Collecting summaries Affirming Reflective listening
Motivational interviewing The purpose of motivational interviewing is to help clients resolve ambivalence.
A benefit of being part of an exercise group includes comradery, which is described by which of the following statements? Participants have people they can compare themselves with. Being able to see what others can do and achieve can serve as further motivation. Participants are forming connections with people who are attempting to achieve similar results, while experiencing feelings of friendship, closeness, and loyalty. Participants are encouraged to push as hard as they can and may work harder in the presence of the group. When a group or situation is warm and inviting, it brings people together; when people feel welcome, they are likely to return.
Participants are forming connections with people who are attempting to achieve similar results, while experiencing feelings of friendship, closeness, and loyalty.
What is the correct order of the Stages of Change? Contemplation, precontemplation, preparation, action, maintenance Precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance Precontemplation, action, preparation, contemplation, maintenance Preparation, precontemplation, contemplation, action, maintenance
Precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance
Individuals in this stage of change may sporadically engage in physical activity but without any form, structure, or consistency. Precontemplation Contemplation Maintenance Preparation
Preparation
What stage of change is a person in if they are planning to begin exercising soon and have taken steps toward it? Maintenance Precontemplation Preparation Action
Preparation
What might a Certified Personal Trainer do for someone in the precontemplation stage of change? Help them identify barriers to exercise Encourage them to make plans to exercise Provide them with education and knowledge Tell them to exercise with a friend
Provide them with education and knowledge
Which type of professionals are qualified to counsel individuals who are diagnosed with depression, using exercise as a supplemental treatment? Corrective exercise specialist or certified exercise physiologist Certified Personal Trainer or certified fitness professional Psychologist or psychiatrist Registered dietitian or nutritionist
Psychologist or psychiatrist
Self-esteem and body image are said to have which type of relationship? Autonomous Independent Unequal Reciprocal
Reciprocal
This is a conversational technique that helps the listener express the supposed meaning of what was just heard. Open-ended questions Reflections Closed-ended questions Active listening
Reflections
Which of the following would be considered a process goal? Run one mile Squat 100 pounds Run three times a week Run a 10k race
Run three times a week
Which behavior change technique allows individuals to identify external triggers that lead them to behave in certain ways? Self-monitoring Coping planning Action planning Enlisting social support
Self-monitoring Self-monitoring is a strategy that allows clients to get the information they need to evaluate their goals.
A client has been journaling their behavior. They find that if they get home and sit on the couch to watch television, they do not end up exercising. But if they bring their gym clothes to work with them and change before leaving the office, they are more likely to exercise. Which behavior change technique are they using? Coping planning Self-monitoring Goal setting Action planning
Self-monitoring With this technique, the client observes which conditions lead to them being sedentary and which conditions lead to them being physically active.
When a Certified Personal Trainer wants to enhance a client's self-efficacy by breaking down exercises or goals into easier-to-achieve tasks, what behavior change technique are they using? Verbal persuasion Experience mastery Set specific tasks Provide instructions
Set specific tasks
Changing leadership style based on the size of a group would be an example of which component of leadership? Leader's qualities Situational factors Follower's qualities Leadership styles
Situational factors
The social standing of a person or group that includes education, income, and occupation describes which term? Income status Social influence Net worth Socioeconomic status
Socioeconomic status Socioeconomic status refers to the social standing of a person or group that includes education, income, and occupation.
When a client makes a statement that supports their current behavior, what is this called? An affirmation Change talk Sustain talk A collecting summary
Sustain talk Sustain talk is when a client argues for the status quo.
The number of sidewalks available in a community is an example of which of the following? The manufactured environment The assembled environment The built environment The constructed environment
The built environment
Which of the following describes attitude? The belief that an important person or persons will support a behavior The degree to which a person has a favorable or unfavorable evaluation of a behavior A construct that captures motivational factors that influence behavior A person's confidence in their ability to meet their goal
The degree to which a person has a favorable or unfavorable evaluation of a behavior
An important aspect of an established exercise group includes which of the following? Groups rely only on the leader for support. The group feels distinct from other people. Once the group is formed, no other participants are allowed in. Groups function only when all members are present.
The group feels distinct from other people.
The field of psychology focuses on which of the following domains? Neuromuscular adaptations Physiological systems The mind and behavior Pathology of disease
The mind and behavior
Which of the following is an open-ended question? Do you have any injuries? Are you taking any medications? What can you tell me about your past exercise experiences? Are you currently exercising?
What can you tell me about your past exercise experiences? This is an open-ended question because it cannot be answered with a yes or no response.
Social physique anxiety is best defined by which statement? When someone has anxiety about how their physique looks in the mirror When someone has anxiety about social situations When someone has general anxiety about physical activity When someone feels insecure about how they think others are viewing their body
When someone feels insecure about how they think others are viewing their body
Which of the following is a question that may provoke resistance? What might work for you? If you decided to make a change, what might you do? What might you want to change? Why don't you want to change?
Why don't you want to change? This question may lead the person to defend the status quo.
