National Gov ch 10
the reason the news product is designed to fascinate as well as to inform is: - that news organizations are fundamentally businesses and must obtain revenue to survive - of the high level of illiteracy - that the print media wish to emulate the broadcast media - of the need to compete with Hollywood productions - none of these answers is correct
that news organizations are fundamentally businesses and must obtain revenue to survive
during what decade did the American television network news audience change from a growing to a shrinking one? - 1960s - 1990s - 1980s - 1970s - the audience has not yet begun to shrink
1980s
presidential candidates in the 1960s, compared with today: - received more negative coverage - were largely ignored by the media - were hounded by the media incessantly - had longer sound bites, on average, in broadcast television newscasts - none of these answers is correct
had longer sound bites, on average, in broadcast television newscasts
on both radio and television, the most successful partisan talk shows: - have been hosted by liberals - have been hosted by nonpartisan journalists - have been hosted by conservatives - have been hosted by teams of journalists holding multiple partisan viewpoints - have no discernible political bias
have been hosted by conservatives
in terms of news consumption, since the 1980s young adults: - have been more informed than older ones - have been less informed than older ones - have experienced a rise in news consumption because of the internet - have experienced a rise in news consumption because of cable news channels - have remained on par with older adults in terms of news consumption
have been less informed than older ones
which of the following statements is true? - objective journalism is based on the communication of facts and fairness - yellow journalism attempts to describe what is taking place or has occurred - the New York Post is the bulletin board of major newspapers - objective journalism is based on the communication of facts and fairness, while yellow journalism attempts to describe what is taking place or has occurred = none of these answers is correct
objective journalism is based on the communication of facts and fairness
the Watergate scandal illustrates the: - futility of media attempts to forecast political events - inadequacy of the media as a common-carrier to the public - power of the media to serve as watchdog to safeguard against abuses of power - ability of the press to serve as the public's representative in political disputes - abuse of power by journalists in the US
power of the media to serve as watchdog to safeguard against abuses of power
during the era of objective journalism, the commitment of newspapers to two-sided news reporting: - did not extend to their editorializing - was enshrined in the editorial section - was uniform throughout the sections of a newspaper - deteriorated democracy in the US - all of these answers are correct
did not extend to their editorializing
staunch conservatives are MOST likely to pay regular attention to: - MSNBC - NPR - the Daily Show - Rush Limbaugh - Fox News
Fox News
the Gazette of the US was founded to promote the policies of President: - Warren Harding - Grover Harding - William Henry Harrison - James Madison - George Washington
George Washington
the FCC restriction requiring broadcasters to "afford reasonable opportunity for the discussion of conflicting views of public importance" was known as the: - "equal time" rule - objective-reporting model - signaling function - common-carrier function - Fairness Doctrine
Fairness Doctrine
of the following television networks, which is typically considered the MOST partisan? - Fox News - ABC - NBC - CBS - PBS
Fox News
the circulation battle of which two newspapers may have contributed to the outbreak of the Spanish-American War? - Chicago Tribune and Boston Herald - Los Angeles Times and New York Times - New York Journal and New York World - Gazette of the US and National Gazette - San Francisco Examiner and San Francisco Chronicle
New York Journal and New York World
over the last century, which newspaper has a lasting reputation as the country's best newspaper? - Washington Times - Miami Herald - Los Angeles Times - New York Times - Chicago Tribune
New York Times
yellow journalism contributed most notably to public support for the: - Spanish-American War - Civil War - War of 1812 - Mexican War of 1848 - American Revolution
Spanish-American War
historically, the American press has shifted from: - a political to a journalistic orientation - objectively to subjectivity - a journalistic to a political orientation - partisan to very partisan - negative to positive
a political to a journalistic orientation
one consequence of today's high-choice media system is: - that individuals are more informed - a narrowing in the information divide - that individual choice is actually more limited - a widening in the partisan divide - none of these answers is correct
a widening in the partisan divide
partisan talk radio got its start: - after the abolition of the Fairness Doctrine - on the day of Rush Limbaugh's first broadcast - after cable television led the way - in the early 1990s after the election of Democrat Bill Clinton - during the late 1930s
after the abolition of the Fairness Doctrine
which of the following is true of age differences in news consumption? - younger adults are more than twice as likely as older adults to use the web for news consumption - the disparity in age for news consumption is greater with television than with newspapers - older adults are more likely than younger adults to access the web - age differences in news consumption shrink for internet based news but d not disappear - about 60 percent of young adults pay little or no attention on a regular basis to any news source
age differences in news consumption shrink for internet based news but do not disappear
the news media are MOST likely to focus on, among the following, events that: - are timely - affect small numbers of people - occur in other countries - happen to ordinary citizens - are complicated to report
are timely
the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) has regulatory oversight over which of the following? - broadcast radio - magazines - internet content - newspapers - all of these answers are correct
broadcast radio
in comparison with today's newspapers, early American newspapers: - were written by hand - were so inexpensive that nearly everyone read a daily paper - could not have survived without political party support - were more widely read - all of these answers are correct
could not have survived without political party support
the news provides a refracted version of reality because it: - emphasizing dramatic and compelling news stories - is biased in favor of a Republican viewpoint - is biased in favor of a Democratic viewpoint - is biased in favor of a liberal perspective - is biased in favor of a conservative perspective
emphasizing dramatic and compelling news stories
the media perform the signaling role by: - informing the public of breaking events and new developments - serving as an open channel for leaders to express their opinions - exposing officials who violate accepted performance and moral standards - exposing officials who violate accepted performance and moral standards - acting as the public's representative - all of these answers are correct
informing the public of breaking events and new developments
how was the internet affected the watchdog role of the media? - it has diluted the watchdog capacity with an overflow of opinions - it has expanded the watchdog capacity of the media - it has tainted the watchdog role with a partisan bent - it has almost completely usurped the watchdog role from the traditional media outlets - it has little to no effect because it lacks the objective standards of traditional media outlets
it has expanded the watchdog capacity of the media
which of the following statements has been shown by scholarly research to be true? - network journalists have a very substantial liberal bias - network journalists have a very substantial conservative bias - network journalists have a clear Republican bias - network journalists have a clear Democratic bias - network journalists tend to be negative
network journalists tend to be negative
one of the reasons the reporting of national news is relatively uniform among news sources is that: - the government dictates much of what is reported - there are only a few important events each day that merit news coverage - network newscasts are brief and the day's top stories tend to dominate - reporters are not given much freedom by their editors - modern journalists have become fairly lazy and use mostly wire reports to create news copy for the network newscasts
network newscasts are brief and the day's tops stories tend to dominate
scholarly research has shown that, overall, the traditional media have: - a strong liberal bias - a slight liberal bias - no substantial bias - a slight conservative bias - a strong conservative bias
no substantial bias
the term "framing" is used to describe the: - media's ability to influence what is on people's minds - process of selecting certain aspects of reality and then crafting news stories around those aspects - media's obligation to convey a uniform and standard interpretation of a situation - nature of media reporting when objectively has weakened and the system has tilted in favor of yellow journalism - primarily right of the media that is protected by the First Amendment
process of selecting certain aspects of reality and then crafting news stories around those aspects
the FCCs equal time requirement: - included the print media - prohibited broadcasters from selling or giving time to political candidates while denying it to their opponents - required broadcasters to give equal time to the two major political parties - required broadcasters to give equal time to news programming and to commercial advertising - required broadcasters to give equal time to third parties as well as the Democrats and Republicans
prohibited broadcasters from selling or giving time to political candidates while denying it to their opponents
one special contribution of internet-based news is that it: - provides the ordinary citizens with an opportunity to be part of the news system - provides slower, more deliberate reporting - offers more unbiased reporting - prevents rampant editorializing - none of these answers is correct
provides the ordinary citizens with an opportunity to be part of the news system
the "long tail" is a phenomenon related to the: - partisan flavor of talk shows - degree of editorializing by broadcast news - rate of internet news readership - increase in the age gap of news readership - partisan nature of internet news
rate of internet news readership
MSNBC responded to Fox's ratings success by: - reducing the number of talk shows in their line-up - increasing the number of talk shows hosted by liberals - attempting to lure audiences by focusing on their unbiased news reporting - installing talk-show hosts with nonpartisan appeal - recasting themselves as the liberal alternative to Fox
recasting themselves as the liberal alternative to Fox
objective journalism is based on the idea that the reporter's job is to: - report the facts and cover alternative sides of a partisan debate - report what political leaders want them to report - discover what other reporters are saying and provide a uniform interpretation of events - scrutinize the partisan debate, and inform the news audience about which part has the better argument - all of these answers are correct
report the facts and cover alternative sides of a partisan debate
on-the-scene coverage of a natural disaster is an example of the press's role of: - watchdog - signaler - partisan advocate - common-carrier - interpreter
signaler
agenda-setting is an action that falls under which of the major roles played by the press? - common-carrier - signaling - watchdog - partisan advocate - news interpreter
signaling
which region of the country overall has the LOWEST connectivity to the internet? - west coast - northeast - midwest - south - plains states
south
the rise of the internet as a news source has: - substantially increased the partisan divide - led to a small but significant increase in the partisan divide - led to a small but significant decrease in the partisan divide - substantially decreased the partisan divide - had no appreciable impact on the partisan divide
substantially increased the partisan divide
the yellow journalism of the late nineteenth century was characterized by: - its appearance solely weekly and monthly magazines - the emphasis on sensationalism as a way of selling newspapers - prejudice against Asian people and countries - an unwillingness to take editorial positions because of a fear of losing circulation - the desire to present the news in an objective manner
the emphasis on sensationalism as a way of selling newspapers
which institution receives the most news coverage from the national press? - the presidency - US House of Representatives - US Senate - US Supreme Court - the federal bureaucracy
the presidency
the news media's common-carrier role is based on the idea that: - the news will be available to all citizens - various news organizations should interpret the news in nearly the same way - the press should not charge for public service announcements - the press should provide a channel through which political leaders can communicate their views to the public - the press should be patriotic in the reporting of the news
the press should provide a channel through which political leaders can communicate their views to the public
what development brought about a dramatic reduction in television's capacity to generate an interest in news? - an increase in newspaper circulation - the loss of objective journalistic standards - the rapid spread of cable - the rise of internet news consumption - a drop in education levels in the US
the rapid spread of cable
the federal government's licensing of broadcasting is based primarily on: - the fact that broadcasting is a national medium - the scarcity of broadcasting frequencies - the fact that broadcasting was invented after First Amendment was adopted - the desire of national officials to control the content of broadcast news and entertainment - a desire to censor reporters so that they will stop criticizing governmental officials
the scarcity of broadcasting frequencies
most broadcast news journalists: - are strong Democrats - lean Democratic - have no political views - lean Republican - are strong Republicans
lean Democratic
Daily Kos and the Drudge Report are MOST similar to: - news programs - talk shows - entertainment - shows - reality TV - weekly news magazines
talk shows
what technology led editors to substitutes news reports for opinion commentary? - radio - telegraph - broadcast TV - cable TV - power-driven printing presses
telegraph
