NCLEX Prep - ADDICTION
The nurse is preparing to administer an analgesic to a client in labor. Which analgesic is contraindicated for a client who has a history of opioid dependency?
Butorphanol tartrate is an opioid analgesic that can precipitate withdrawal symptoms in an opioid-dependent client. Therefore, it is contraindicated if the client has a history of opioid dependency. Fentanyl, morphine sulfate, and meperidine are opioid analgesics but do not tend to precipitate withdrawal symptoms in opioid-dependent clients.
A client has been prescribed disulfiram (Antabuse). Before giving the client the first dose of this medication, what should the psychiatric home health nurse determine?
Disulfiram is an adjunctive treatment for some clients with chronic alcoholism to assist in maintaining enforced sobriety. Because clients must abstain from alcohol for at least 12 hours before the initial dose, the most important assessment is when the last alcoholic intake was consumed. The medication should be used cautiously in clients with hypothyroidism, diabetes mellitus, epilepsy, cerebral damage, nephritis, and hepatic disease. It is contraindicated in persons with severe heart disease, psychosis, or hypersensitivity to the medication.
The nurse is reviewing the record of a client admitted to the nursing unit and notes that the client has a history of Laennec's cirrhosis. This type of cirrhosis is most commonly caused by which long-term condition?
Laennec's cirrhosis results from long-term alcohol abuse. Cardiac cirrhosis most commonly is caused by long-term right-sided heart failure. Exposure to hepatotoxins, chemicals, or infections, or a metabolic disorder can cause postnecrotic cirrhosis. Biliary cirrhosis results from a decrease in bile flow and is most commonly caused by long-term obstruction of bile ducts.
A client with a history of simple partial seizures is taking clorazepate (Tranxene). The client asks the nurse if there is a risk of addiction with this medication. The nurse's response is based on which information about this medication?
Leads to physical and psychological dependence with prolonged high-dose therapy
Opiod Withdrawal
Signs of opioid withdrawal include increased temperature and blood pressure, abdominal cramping, vomiting, and restlessness. Time of onset may be anywhere from a few minutes to a few hours after administration of naloxone hydrochloride, depending on the opioid involved, the degree of dependence, and the dose of naloxone.
A nurse should monitor the client with a history of heroin addiction for which signs/symptoms of heroin withdrawal?
The client who is experiencing opioid withdrawal (such as from heroin) may experience dysphoric mood, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal cramping, muscle aches, diaphoresis and piloerection, runny eyes (lacrimation) and nose (rhinorrhea), yawning, fever, restlessness, insomnia, and increased pulse and blood pressure.
Thiamine supplementation and other nutritional vitamin support measures are prescribed for clients who have been using alcohol to prevent or decrease the risk of which complication?
Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome is the only item in the options that is directly and significantly associated with severe nutritional deficits, particularly of B vitamins
