Nervous System Clinical Correlations

Parkinson's diesease

A progressive disease of the nervous system marked by tremor, muscular rigidity, and slow, imprecise movement. Basal Ganglia of brain and deficiency of dopamine ."Pill roling"

Analgesic vs Anesthetic vs Opiates

Analgesic- acting to relieve pain.(OTC) Analgesic- a substance that induces insensitivity to pain.locks sodium ion channels(novicain, lidocaine, cocaine) Opiates-derived from opium and tending to induce sleep and to alleviate pain. Alter quality of pain perception

Ape Hand

Ape hand deformity, also known as simian hand, is a deformity in humans who cannot move the thumb away from the rest of the hand. Damage to median nerve

Glaucoma/Cataract

As we age, the normally clear lens begins to thicken and gradually becomes discolored. This condition is called a cataract. This results in a loss of vision, and occurs at different rates in different individuals. Vision loss in glaucoma occurs because of damage to the optic nerve, which connects the eye to the brain.

Erb Duchenne Palsy

Brachio-plexus damaged (neck/shoulder area) nerves, so wrist in a constant state of flexion C5/C6 Nerve root aka: waiter's tip position

cochlear vs vestibular portion

Cochlea- spiral is the auditory portion of inner ear Vestibular- s the sensory system that provides the leading contribution to the sense of balance and spatial orientation for the purpose of coordinating movement with balance.

Learning vs Memory

Learning - process or behavior of acquiring knowledge. Memory-process of recording, storing and retrieving information.

Monoplegia/Diplegia/Hemiplegia/Quadriplegia

Monoplegia-paralysis restricted to one limb or region of the body Diplegia-paralysis of corresponding parts on both sides of the body, Hemiplegia- paralysis of one side of the body. Quadriplegia- paralysis of all four limbs; tetraplegia.

Multiple Sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis (MS) involves an immune-mediated process in which an abnormal response of the body's immune system is directed against the central nervous system (CNS), which is made up of the brain, spinal cord and optic nerves. affects myelin sheath females mmore than males most comm symptoms: loss of coordination nystagmus- vibrating eyeballs scanning speech

REM vs non-REM sleep

Non-is dreamless sleep. the brain waves on the electroencephalographic (EEG) recording are typically slow and of high voltage, REM-a kind of sleep that occurs at intervals during the night and is characterized by rapid eye movements, more dreaming and bodily movement, and faster pulse and breathing.

Phantom Limb Pain

Phantom pain sensations are described as perceptions that an individual experiences relating to a limb or an organ that is not physically part of the body. Mirror trick

Cones vs Rods

Rods- re responsible for vision at low light levels (black/white). More rods Cones-capable of color vision and are responsible for high spatial acuity.(color/clarity)

Symp vs Parasymp Stimulation

Symp-mobilize the body's fight-or-flight response.(Spinal Chord) Parasymp- control homeostasis and the body's rest-and-digest response. (Medulla)

TIA/CVA

TVA-(Transient ischemic attack)(mini-stroke) A neurological event with the signs and symptoms of a stroke, but which go away within a short period of time. CVA-(cerebrovascular accident) (stroke) s when poor blood flow to the brain results in cell death Thrombus=stationary clot Emboli=on the move

Mylelanted vs Unmyelenated Fibers

The Schwann cells wrap tightly around the nerve fiber and form a "myelin sheath. Unmyelinated- no myelin white matter vs grey matter

UMNL/LMNL

UMNL- An upper motor neuron lesion is a lesion of the neural pathway above the anterior horn cell of the spinal cord or motor nuclei of the cranial nerves. LMNL-Degeneration of the motor neuron & peripheral nerves

Cerebral Palsy

a condition marked by impaired muscle coordination (spastic paralysis) and/or other disabilities, typically caused by damage/lack of oxygen to the brain before or at birth.

Circadian Rhythm

a cycle that tells our bodies when to sleep, ~~ affected by environmental cues, like sunlight and temperature.

Raynaud's Disease

a disease characterized by spasm of the arteries in the extremities, especially the fingers. brought on by constant cold or vibration, and leads to pallor, pain, numbness, and in severe cases, gangrene.

Vertigo

a sensation of whirling and loss of balance~~ caused by disease affecting the inner ear or the vestibular nerve; giddiness.

Coma

a state of deep unconsciousness that lasts for a prolonged or indefinite period, caused especially by severe injury or illness.

Meniere's Disease

affects the membranous labyrinth of the ear, causing progressive deafness and attacks of tinnitus and vertigo.

Shingles

an acute, painful inflammation of the nerve ganglia, with a skin eruption often forming a girdle around the middle of the body. It is caused by the same virus as chickenpox.

Scotoma

an area of lost or depressed vision within the visual field, surrounded by an area of less depressed or of normal vision.

Horner's Syndrome

contracted pupil, drooping upper eyelid, and local inability to sweat on one side of the face, caused by damage to sympathetic nerves on that side of the neck. Ptosis: drooping Miosis: Constricted pupil Anhydrosis: Lack of sweating

Claw hand

hand imitating an ulnar claw. The metacarpophalangeal joints of the 4th and 5th fingers are extended and the Interphalangeal joints of the same fingers are flexed. Problem with ulnar nerve

Encephalitis

inflammation of the brain, caused by infection or an allergic reaction.

Conjunctivitis

inflammation of the conjunctiva of the eye.(Pink Eye).

Otitis Externa/media/interna

inflammation of the ear, otitis externa (of the passage of the outer ear) otitis media (of the middle ear) otitis interna (of the inner ear; labyrinthitis).

Meningitis

inflammation of the meninges caused by viral or bacterial infection and marked by intense headache and fever, sensitivity to light, and muscular rigidity, 3 layers are Pia Mater, Arachnoid Mater, and Dura Mater from deep to superficial

Contusion to brain

is a bruise of the brain tissue. Like bruises in other tissues, cerebral contusion can be associated with multiple microhemorrhages, small blood vessel leaks into brain tissue.

Trigeminal Neuralgia

neuralgia(pain along the nerve) involving one or more of the branches of the trigeminal nerves, and often causing severe pain in the face.

Sciatica

pain affecting the back, hip, and outer side of the leg, caused by compression of a spinal nerve root in the lower back, often owing to degeneration of an intervertebral disk. Sciatic nerve= longest/thickets nerve, goes down legs and behind

Referred Pain

pain felt in a part of the body other than its actual source.

Bell's Palsy

paralysis of the facial nerve, causing muscular weakness in one side of the face.

Tinnitus

ringing or buzzing in the ears. (disturbance of auditory nerve)

Seizure

sudden surge of electrical activity in the brain. Epilepsy: "seizure disorder" Grand mal: like the contagion lady. Body convulsions Petite-mal: like when someone zones out for a few seconds

Concussion

temporary unconsciousness caused by a blow to the head. ~~ Confusion/ temporary incapacity

Clostridium Tetani

the bacteria responsible for the often fatal disease tetanus tetanus- a bacterial disease marked by rigidity and spasms of the voluntary muscles Anerobic

Blind Spot

the point of entry of the optic nerve on the retina, insensitive to light.