Nester 7e Microbiology Chapter 1 Humans and the Microbial World
Which is an example of bioremediation? -The evolution of antibiotic resistant microbes due to overuse of a particular antibiotic -Utilizing microbes to digest oil after a spill in the ocean -Genetically engineering microbes to produce animal proteins such as insulin
-Utilizing microbes to digest oil after a spill in the ocean
Which of the following describes the Archaea? -Eukaryotic cells that thrive in heat or salt environments -A prokaryote, some of which live in extreme, harsh environments -All prokaryotic cells are archaeans -Plant like, unicellular organisms that obtain energy by photosynthesis
A prokaryote, some of which live in extreme, harsh environments
Protozoa can be found in what type(s) of environments? aquatic terrestrial atmospheric
Aquatic and Terrestrial
Prokaryotic, single celled organisms that can live in extreme environments
Archaea
Which type(s) of microorganisms have cells that typically lack membrane bound organelles?
Archaea and Bacteria
What is nomenclature?
Assigning names to organisms
Bacteria, such as Staphylococcus species, belong to the domain ______.
Bacteria
Prokaryotic, possess peptidoglycan, single celled organisms
Bacteria
Which microorganisms typically lack a nucleus?
Bacteria, Archaea
What are the three domains of life?
Bacteria, Eukarya, Archaea
Five major groups of organisms
Bacteria, fungi, protozoa, algae, archaea
All ______ are microorganisms, but not all _______ are microorganisms.
Bacteria; eukaryotes
_______ is the process by which microbes carry out the decomposition of harmful chemicals.
Biodegradation
Bacteria produce ethanol, hydrogen gas, and oils which have the potential to be used as _______.
Biofuels
Designing organisms that can provide human products through genetic engineering or clean up environmental waste through bioremediation is part of the broader field of ______.
Biotechnology
Which scientific name is properly abbreviated (after its first use)? -Escherichia c. -E. coli -e. coli
E. coli
Many ______ diseases are due to organisms "jumping" from a natural animal host to using humans as a host.
Emerging
______ diseases are those which are newly identified and becoming more prominent.
Emerging
For the organism Escherichia coli, what is the genus name?
Escherichia
Members of two of the three domains do not have a true nucleus in their cells. The one domain that does is the:
Eucarya
Eukaryotic, possess membrane bound organelles, single celled or multicellular organisms
Eukarya
True or False. Viruses are considered living organisms and are classified as members of the domain Archaea.
False
As indicated in their names, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermis are members of the same _______.
Genus
The term _____ refers to a multicellular parasite such as a roundworm or tapeworm.
Helminth
Rank the size of these organisms/agents from largest to smallest virus bacteria helminth yeast
Helminth Yeast Bacteria Virus
An organism carrying an obligate intracellular parasite is referred to as the _____ for the parasite.
Host
In the 1600s, van Leeuwenhoek developed a single lens ______ which he used to view microbes.
Microscope
Which is the most common gas found in Earth's atmosphere? -Carbon dioxide -Oxygen -Nitrogen -Hydrogen
Nitrogen
Organisms that populate the human body and which protect it from disease are termed ______ _______.
Normal microbiota
Mitochondria, lysosomes, and other small compartments inside of eukaryotic cells are referred to as: nuclei organelles systems organs
Organelles
At present, what is true regarding infectious disease trends? -Organisms that are not normally pathogenic are affecting people in greater numbers -Antibiotics no longer work against all pathogens -People are dying earlier, so there is less need to worry about pathogens and the elderly
Organisms that are not normally pathogenic are affecting people in greater numbers Antibiotics no longer work against all pathogens
Louis ______ helped disprove spontaneous generation.
Pasteur
Tuberculosis is an old disease but the number of occurrences has been increasing in recent years: therefore, this disease is sometimes referred to as a(n) _______ disease.
Re-emerging
Which is true regarding scientific names? -The first letters of a genus name and a species name should be capitalized -Genus names may be abbreviated when they are first used -Scientific names are italicized or underlined in printed documents
Scientific names are italicized or underlined in printed documents
For the organism Staphylococcus aureus, aureus indicates the specific epithet or _______ name.
Species
The concept of living things arising from vital forces in nonliving or decomposing materials was known as: -germ theory of disease -biogenesis -deductive reasoning -spontaneous generation
Spontaneous Generation
Which is correct regarding the capitalization of an organism's name? Staphylococcus aureus staphylococcus aureus Staphylococcus Aureus staphylococcus Aureus
Staphylococcus aureus
An environment or material that is completely free of all life form particles is referred to as _____.
Sterile
Which event helped establish the science of microbiology?
The development of the microscope
Current trends in infectious disease include which of the following? -The recognition of their subtle role in other diseases -A recognition that changes in microbes allow them to move from animals to humans -A realization that almost every microorganism is responsible for a human or animal disease -A renewed belief in the theory of spontaneous generation -An increased number of drug resistant pathogens
The recognition of their subtle role in other diseases A recognition that changes in microbes allows them to more from animals to humans An increased number of drug resistant pathogens
Microbes are useful in the study of higher life forms for which of the following reasons? -They all duplicate RNA -They have the basic same metabolic mechanisms -It is cheaper to study microbial life forms -Microbes multiply quickly
They have the same basic metabolic mechanisms It is cheaper to study microbial life forms Microbes multiply quickly
True or False: Eukaryotic microbes are generally larger than prokaryotic microbes.
True
True or False: Eukaryotic organisms can be single celled or multicellular.
True
True or False: over the last 100 years, improvements in health have been in part due to using antibiotics to treat infectious diseases and vaccines to prevent them.
True
The binomial system of nomenclature assigns _____ name(s) to each organism.
Two
Which two scientists provided evidence about microbial heat resistance and the presence of endospores? Pasteur Koch Cohn Tyndall
Tyndall and Cohn
Select the answers which are examples of positive microbe interactions with humans: -Used in food production -Production of oxygen for the atmosphere -Provision of nitrogen gas in the atmosphere -Lower population through disease -Clean up man made chemical spills
Used in food production Production of oxygen for the atmosphere Clean up man made chemical spills
Peptic ulcers, previously thought to be caused by stress, have been found to be caused by _______.
Bacteria
A ____ uses an infected host cell's machinery and nutrients for reproduction and assembly.
Virus
A _______ is an acellular infectious agent that is composed of nucleic acid surrounded by a protein coat.
Virus
A _____ is the term used for any disease causing microorganism.
Pathogen
The process by which atmospheric oxygen gas is replenished by plants and some microorganisms is called ________.
Photosynthesis
Which process uses the sun's energy to produce organic compounds and ATP from carbon dioxide and water?
Photosynthesis
Which microbe(s) always has a nucleus? Prion Yeast Archaea Virus Protists
Yeast and Protists
Members of the Domain Bacteria: -can move using flagella -possess a true nucleus -reproduce by binary fission -have cell walls that contain peptidoglycan
can move using flagella reproduce by binary fission have cell walls that contain peptidoglycan
Archaea
are similar in appearance to bacteria