Networking Chapter 3

Access Method

Access method determines when someone is able to send a message

Protocols must include

An identified sender and receiver Common language and grammar Speed and timing of delivery Confirmation or acknowledgment requirements

Decoding

Decoding reverses this process (of encoding) in order to interpret the information.

Response Timeout

Hosts on the network also have rules that specify how long to wait for responses and what action to take if a response timeout occurs.

Encoding

One of the first steps to sending a message is encoding. Encoding is the process of converting information into another acceptable form, for transmission. *Encoding between hosts must be in an appropriate format for the medium. Messages sent across the network are first converted into bits by the sending host. Each bit is encoded into a pattern of sounds, light waves, or electrical impulses depending on the network media over which the bits are transmitted. The destination host receives and decodes the signals in order to interpret the message.

Flow Control

Timing also affects how much information can be sent and the speed that it can be delivered. In network communication, source and destination hosts use flow control methods to negotiate correct timing for successful communication.

Ethernet

a network access protocol that describes two primary functions: communication over a data link and the physical transmission of data on the network media. Network access protocols are responsible for taking the packets from IP and formatting them to be transmitted over the media.

HTTP

an application protocol that governs the way a web server and a web client interact. HTTP defines the content and formatting of the requests and responses that are exchanged between the client and server. Both the client and the web server software implement HTTP as part of the application. HTTP relies on other protocols to govern how the messages are transported between the client and server.

IP

is responsible for taking the formatted segments from TCP, encapsulating them into packets, assigning them the appropriate addresses, and delivering them to the destination host.

TCP

the transport protocol that manages the individual conversations. TCP divides the HTTP messages into smaller pieces, called segments. These segments are sent between the web server and client processes running at the destination host. TCP is also responsible for controlling the size and rate at which messages are exchanged between the server and the client.