NEURO - Communication disorders

4 characteristics of Global aphasia?

1. comprehension (reading/auditory) severely impaired 2. impaired naming, writing, repetition skills 3. may involuntarily verbalize, usually without correct context 4. may use non-verbal skills for communication

Where are lesions typically in non-fluent aphasia?

1. frontal lobe (anterior speech center) of the dominant hemisphere (usually left side)

4 characteristics of Broca's aphasia?

1. intact auditory/reading comprehension 2. impaired repetition and naming skills 3. frustration with language skill errors 4. paraphasia's are common

What 4 characteristics of aphasia are usually associated with poor prognosis?

1. perseveration of speech 2. severe auditory comprehension impairments 3. unreliable yes/no answers 4. use of empty speech without recognition of impairments

3 characteristics of non-fluent aphasia?

1. poor word output and dysprosodic speech ( impairment in rhythm and inflection)

Where is the lesion for Broca's aphasia?

3rd convolution of the frontal lobe

Which of the following is an area in the left cerebral hemisphere that serves as the motor area for speech? a. Broca's area b. Wernicke's area c. promotor area d. pre-frontal area

A Broca's area is found in the frontal lobe and is responsible for expression of language. The impairment associated with damage to this area is known as Broca's aphasia and is a form of expressive aphasia.

Which of the following best describes dysarthria? a. inability to articulate b. inability to write words c. inability to comprehend words d. inability to say the alphabet backwards

A Dysarthria is a motor speech disorder. It results from impaired movement of the muscles used for speech production, including the lips, tongue, vocal folds, and/or diaphragm. A patient with dysarthria will have difficulty articulating words.

Which term is most consistent with Wernicke's aphasia? a. receptive b. expressive c. non-fluent d. global

A Wernicke's aphasia is synonymous with receptive aphasia, while Broca's aphasia is synonymous with expressive aphasia. Wernicke's aphasia occurs due to a lesion in the posterior region of the superior temporal gyrus.

Define dysarthria

A motor disorder of speech that is caused by an UMN lesion that affects the muscles that are used to articulate words and sounds speech is often slurred and there may also be an effect on respiratory or phonatory symptoms d/t the weakness

Define verbal apraxia

A non-dysarthric and non-aphasic impairment of prosody and articulation of speech Verbal expression is impaired d/t deficits in motor planning --> pt. is unable to initiate learned movement (articulation of speech) even though they understand the task lesions are usually found in the left frontal lobe, adjacent to Broca's area

What is the most common form of aphasia?

Broca's aphasia

Speech interruption caused by difficulty finding words is characteristic of which type of aphasia? a. dysarthria b. Broca's aphasia c. conduction aphasia d. Wernicke's aphasia

C Conduction aphasia results from a lesion to the supramarginal gyrus and arcuate fasciculus. The condition is characterized by interrupted speech due to difficulty finding words, impaired writing, excessive repetition, and intact fluency with good comprehension.

A patient who has suffered a cerebrovascular accident and is unable to articulate and comprehend speech is suffering from: a. conduction aphasia b. receptive aphasia c. expressive aphasia d. global aphasia

D Global aphasia occurs when all language functions are affected. Receptive aphasia, also known as Wernicke's aphasia, affects the ability to comprehend written or spoken words. Expressive aphasia, also known as Broca's aphasia, affects the patient's ability to use language to express thoughts.

Which of the following speech disorders is characterized by changes in vocal quality such as harshness, hoarseness or breathiness? a. dysarthria b. dyspraxia c. dysphagia d. dysphonia

D Speech problems can be the result of muscle weakness, spasticity, tremor or ataxia. Dysphonia is characterized by changes in vocal quality.

A motor disorder of speech often caused by an UMN lesion

Dysarthria

Where is the lesion in conduction aphasia?

Supramarginal gyrus, arcuate fasiculus

T or F: aphasia is an acquired neurological impairment of processing for receptive and/or expressive language

TRUE

Match each condition with the primary sit of the lesion: Conduction aphasia

arcuate fasicilus, supramarginal gyrus

Match each condition with the primary sit of the lesion: Global aphasia

frontal, temporal, and parietal lobes

2 types of non-fluent aphasia?

1. Broca's aphasia (expressive aphasia) 2. Global aphasia

How is aphasia typically characterized?

1. Fluent aphasia 2. Non-Fluent aphasia

What are 2 types of fluent aphasia?

1. Wernicke's aphasia (Receptive aphasia) 2. conduction aphasia

4 characteristics of Wernicke's aphasia?

1. comprehension (reading/auditory) impaired 2. good articulation, use of paraphasia's 3. impaired writing 4. poor naming ability

4 characteristics of conduction aphasia?

1. severe impairment of repetition 2. intact fluency, good comprehension 3. speech interrupted by word-finding difficulties 4. reading intact, writing impaired

Where is the lesion typically located in fluent aphasia?

1. temporal lobe 2. Wernicke's area 3. regions of parietal lobe

What are 4 characteristics of fluent aphasia?

1. word output/speech production are functional 2. prosody is acceptable, but empty speech jargon 3. speech lacks substance, use of paraphasia's 4. use of neologisms (substitution within a word that is so severe, it makes the word unrecognizable)

Match each condition with the primary sit of the lesion: Broca's aphasia

3rd convolution of frontal lobe

The inability to read or comprehend written language is known as: a. agraphia b. alexia c. apraxia d. astereognosis

B Alexia is the inability to read or comprehend written language secondary to a lesion within the dominant lobe of the brain.

Which term describes a person who is able to verbalize, but unable to comprehend verbal commands? a. expressive aphasia b. receptive aphasia c. global aphasia d. agraphia

B Aphasia is an acquired neurological impairment of processing for receptive and/or expressive language. The inability to comprehend verbal commands, despite being able to verbalize, is known as receptive aphasia (Wernicke's aphasia).

Aphasia is likely to result from a stroke involving the: a. posterior cerebral artery b. left hemisphere c. right hemisphere d. anterior cerebral artery

B Aphasia refers to the inability to communicate or comprehend due to damage to a specific area of the brain. A stroke involving the middle cerebral artery affects Broca's and Wernicke's area located in the left hemisphere.

abbreviation for medial condition often associated with aphasia

CVA

Where is the lesion for Global aphasia?

Frontal, temporal, and parietal lobes

Is motor impairment typical in Wernicke's aphasia?

No, motor impairment is not typical, d/t the distance from Wernicke's area to the motor cortex

Where is the lesion in Wernicke's aphasia?

Posterior region of the superior temporal lobe

T or F: aphasia is associated with head trauma, CVA tumor, or infection

TRUE

A non-dysarthric and non-aphasic impairment of prosody and articulation of speech

Verbal apraxia

term for receptive aphasia

Wernicke's

Is motor impairment typical with Broca's aphasia?

Yes, d/t the close proximity of Broca's area to the motor cortex

inability to interpret information

agnosia

Define aphasia

an acquired neurological impairment of processing for receptive and/or expressive language

useful strategy when treating patients with aphasia

cueing

speech often noted as slurred

dysarthria

impairment in the rhythm and inflection of speech

dysprosody

hemisphere of the brain most often dominant for language

left

type of skills used to communicate with severe aphasia

nonverbal

Match each condition with the primary sit of the lesion: Wernicke's aphasia

posterior region of superior temporal gyrus

structure often contributing to slurred and impaired speech

tongue

Which of the following treatment strategies would be least effective for patients with agraphia? a. co-treat with a SLP b. allow the pt. to write on a white board for communication c. use primarily tactile and visual cues d. use concise sentences and yes/no questions

B Agraphia, or the inability to write, is often found in combination with various forms of aphasia. The patient will likely have the greatest difficulty with written communication, requiring alternate methods of communication to be explored.

T or F: Wernicke's aphasia and conduction aphasia are two types of non-fluent aphasia

FALSE fluent aphasia

T or F: fluent aphasia is frequently caused by a lesion in the frontal lobe of the dominant hemisphere

FLASE temporal lobe