NFS ch 5 study guide
Which statement is true about hamburger that is labeled 80% lean?
20 percent of the weight of the meat is fat
How does fat intake affect our health?
The type of fat may be more important than total fat in reducing the risk of chronic diseases.
Which of the following dietary practices does NOT help to protect a person from developing heart disease?
a diet which substitutes beef for fish
High levels of HDL in the blood are associated with
a reduced risk of heart disease
Chylomicrons
are absorbed into the lymphatic system. are formed by the intestinal mucosal cell transport lipids, from the food we eat into the body
Short chain fatty acids
are fairly soluble in water
Omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids are examples of
polyunsaturated fatty acids
Current recommendations regarding fat intake suggest a healthy diet should
provide 20 to 35 percent of total calories (kcal) of fat
Foods containing fat replacers
provide less fat and kcalories are not necessarily nutrient dense cause fat soluble vitamins to be poorly absorbed
Saturated fatty acids
single bonds between carbon atoms and are all surrounded by a hydrogen
Foods consisting mostly of fatty acids with only single bonds tend to be
solid at room temperature
Cholesterol is an example of a
sterols
Women tend to develop heart disease later than men because
the hormone estrogen has a protective effect in women before menopause
Chylocmicrons are formed in the
intestine
What is true about fats in the digestive tract
Absorption of fat soluble substances is dependent on presence of dietary fat
Which of the following carry cholesterol away from the cells and return it to the liver?
HDLs
Which of the following is required for cells to take up low-density lipoproteins?
LDL receptors
Increasing chain length in fatty acids
become less and less soluble in water
Hydrogenation
causes some double bonds to become saturated >> trans fatty acids
Unsaturated fatty acids
contain some carbons that are not saturated with hydrogen. Monounsaturated (1 double bond) and polyunsaturated (2 or more double bonds)
Over the past 40 years, the fat intake of Americans has
declined as a proportion of total kcalories consumed
Dietary sources of cholesterol include
eggs meat fish NOT peanut butter
________ fatty acids are not synthesized by the body
essential
Most fatty acids in food and in the body are bound to a molecule called
glycerol
A strong correlation exists between the development of colon cancer and diets
high in animal fats
During fasting
hormone sensitive lipase releases fatty acids from stored triglycerides
The oxidation of LDLs
increases inflammation. recruits macrophages with scavenger receptors to the site. results in the formation of foam cells
An injury to an artery wall leading to inflammation could be caused by
infectious microorganisms free radicals formed by cigarette smoking high blood glucose environmental toxins
Which of the following is FALSE about eating a healthy diet?
it is essential for most people to reduce total fat consumption by 35-50 percent
Which of the following organs is able to manufacture cholesterol?
liver
Which of the following is formed in the LUMEN of the small intestine during lipid digestion?
micelles
Which of the following is characteristic of atherosclerosis?
oxidation of LDL particles
Trans fatty acids are most abundant in foods that contain
partially hydrogenated oils
Fatty acids are categorized based on the carbon chain length as well as
the types and locations of the bonds between the carbons
What is true about essential fatty acids?
they have anti-inflammatory properties that protect against heart disease.
Phospholipids (lecithin)
transport molecules >> lipids attached to a phosphate group
