NFS ch 5 study guide

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Which statement is true about hamburger that is labeled 80% lean?

20 percent of the weight of the meat is fat

How does fat intake affect our health?

The type of fat may be more important than total fat in reducing the risk of chronic diseases.

Which of the following dietary practices does NOT help to protect a person from developing heart disease?

a diet which substitutes beef for fish

High levels of HDL in the blood are associated with

a reduced risk of heart disease

Chylomicrons

are absorbed into the lymphatic system. are formed by the intestinal mucosal cell transport lipids, from the food we eat into the body

Short chain fatty acids

are fairly soluble in water

Omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids are examples of

polyunsaturated fatty acids

Current recommendations regarding fat intake suggest a healthy diet should

provide 20 to 35 percent of total calories (kcal) of fat

Foods containing fat replacers

provide less fat and kcalories are not necessarily nutrient dense cause fat soluble vitamins to be poorly absorbed

Saturated fatty acids

single bonds between carbon atoms and are all surrounded by a hydrogen

Foods consisting mostly of fatty acids with only single bonds tend to be

solid at room temperature

Cholesterol is an example of a

sterols

Women tend to develop heart disease later than men because

the hormone estrogen has a protective effect in women before menopause

Chylocmicrons are formed in the

intestine

What is true about fats in the digestive tract

Absorption of fat soluble substances is dependent on presence of dietary fat

Which of the following carry cholesterol away from the cells and return it to the liver?

HDLs

Which of the following is required for cells to take up low-density lipoproteins?

LDL receptors

Increasing chain length in fatty acids

become less and less soluble in water

Hydrogenation

causes some double bonds to become saturated >> trans fatty acids

Unsaturated fatty acids

contain some carbons that are not saturated with hydrogen. Monounsaturated (1 double bond) and polyunsaturated (2 or more double bonds)

Over the past 40 years, the fat intake of Americans has

declined as a proportion of total kcalories consumed

Dietary sources of cholesterol include

eggs meat fish NOT peanut butter

________ fatty acids are not synthesized by the body

essential

Most fatty acids in food and in the body are bound to a molecule called

glycerol

A strong correlation exists between the development of colon cancer and diets

high in animal fats

During fasting

hormone sensitive lipase releases fatty acids from stored triglycerides

The oxidation of LDLs

increases inflammation. recruits macrophages with scavenger receptors to the site. results in the formation of foam cells

An injury to an artery wall leading to inflammation could be caused by

infectious microorganisms free radicals formed by cigarette smoking high blood glucose environmental toxins

Which of the following is FALSE about eating a healthy diet?

it is essential for most people to reduce total fat consumption by 35-50 percent

Which of the following organs is able to manufacture cholesterol?

liver

Which of the following is formed in the LUMEN of the small intestine during lipid digestion?

micelles

Which of the following is characteristic of atherosclerosis?

oxidation of LDL particles

Trans fatty acids are most abundant in foods that contain

partially hydrogenated oils

Fatty acids are categorized based on the carbon chain length as well as

the types and locations of the bonds between the carbons

What is true about essential fatty acids?

they have anti-inflammatory properties that protect against heart disease.

Phospholipids (lecithin)

transport molecules >> lipids attached to a phosphate group


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