NHM 311 - may intersession
How does the dietary fiber content of the Juice, Orange (4 fluid ounces) compare to the Orange (1 item)?
There are almost 3 grams more dietary fiber in the orange than the juice
Because oxygen is required for aerobic energy metabolism, poor iron status in athletes can negatively impact training and performance. In addition to being high in carbohydrate, enriched grain products contain added iron. Which food item contains the most iron?
bagel, wheat (I item)
In addition to carbohydrate and some fat, physically active people like Kimmy need protein. Plant-based foods contain carbohydrate and some protein. Which non-animal food (i.e., plant-based food) contains the most protein per serving?
bagel, wheat (I item)
Which food ranks low on the glycemic index?
barley
The fast food smoothie consists primarily of added sugars, resulting in a product with less volume than the homemade fruit smoothie (although both have roughly the same amount of calories per serving). Approximately how much more volume is in the homemade smoothie than in the fast food smoothie? (Hint: use grams per serving to determine this answer.)
d. There is 1.75 times as much volume in the homemade smoothie than the fast food smoothie
After Mr. P. eats a high sugar meal, what happens first to the excess glucose in his blood?
d. The liver forms glycogen from it
A label of a food that provides 15% of the Daily Value of a given nutrient per serving can carry a claim about that nutrient that says _____.
"good source of"
If Mr. Q drinks four drinks within one hour, his blood alcohol concentration would be:
.06
Added sugars are potentially harmful to health because they add excessive calories with no other nutrients. The homemade fruit smoothie contains more of which nutrient(s) than the fast food smoothie? a. Potassium b. Vitamin C c. Folate d. All of the above
d. all of the above
The inner surface of the small intestine _____.
d. is covered with projections called villi
What deficiency disease produces the symptoms known as the "four Ds?"
d. pellagra
During her training, Kimmy is trying to eat a diet that is high in carbohydrate (60-70% of calories), moderate in fat (20-35% of calories), and adequate in protein (10-20% of calories). Which day's snack has the lowest percentage of calories from fat?
day 2
Whey protein is a waste product from the manufacturing of _____.
cheese
A disinfectant, usually _______, is added to public water systems to kill bacteria.
chlorine
For healthy adults, the components of energy metabolism, listed from the highest proportion to the lowest proportion, are _____.
basal metabolism, physical activity, and thermic effect of food
This one-day menu body builder menu is unbalanced because it contains insufficient micronutrients and a skewed macronutrient distribution. Which macronutrients fall outside of the recommended Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR)?
d. Carbohydrate, Protein, and Fat
Vitamin B12 is easily destroyed by _____.
microwaving
The traditional Mediterranean diet emphasizes all of the following foods EXCEPT:
red meats
Four of the following methods can assess body fat. What is the exception?
respiratory capacity
Dietary ___________ and/or ____________ can increase blood LDL concentrations.
saturated fatty acids, trans fatty acids
Decreased activation of vitamin D will result in ____1____ absorption of calcium in the small intestine and ____2____ risk of inadequate bone mineralization.
1. decreased 2. increased
A vitamin ____1_____ is a lack or shortage of a particular vitamin, and prolonged insufficiency can eventually lead to a _____2____ , characterized by harmful symptoms.
1. deficiency 2. vitamin deficiency disease
Cheryl and David are planning to start a family soon and want to ensure their baby is as healthy as possible. They are especially concerned about folate and vitamin B12 intake due to these vitamins' roles in preventing neural tube defects. Every day Cheryl eats spinach to obtain ____1___ and she also eats fish and chicken. She meets the RDA for pregnant women of ___2___ per day of folate and ____3___ per day of vitamin B12.
1. folate 2. 600 μg 3. 2.6 μg
For each dietary source listed below, decide whether it is a good source of water or a poor source of water. 1. herbal tea 2. cucumbers 3. grapes 4. dried cherries 5. barley
1. good source 2. good source 3. good source 4. poor source 5. poor source
Maternal iron-deficiency anemia during pregnancy results from Check all that apply. 1. insufficient iron intake for the increased requirements during pregnancy 2. menstruation 3. fetal demand for iron in the third trimester to store in the liver 4. the fetus taking what it needs from the mother's iron stores
1. insufficient iron intake for the increased requirements during pregnancy 3. fetal demand for iron in the third trimester to store in the liver 4. the fetus taking what it needs from the mother's iron stores
The table lists a number of strategies that may or may not help someone who is dehydrated. Decide whether the strategy should be adopted or avoided. 1. Stay warm and turn the heat up 2. Participate in activity that will allow the person to sweat 3. Avoid clear liquids 4. Avoid moderate physical activity 5. May need medical attention for prolonged vomiting or diarrhea
1. no 2. no 3. no 4. yes 5. yes
The MyPlate Analysis report includes goals to help "Vary Your Veggies!" How many Dry Beans & Peas should Reuben aim to eat weekly?
2.5 cups weekly
What is the estimated energy need for a sedentary female who is 19 to 25 years old?
2000 kcal/day
A person eats 8 grams of protein, 25 grams of carbohydrates, 6 grams of fat and 4 grams of alcohol. What is the total energy value (in calories) from these stated amounts?
214 kilocalories
what is the potential side effect of drinking a 12 oz bottle of magnesium citrate?
24 hours or more of extreme diarrhea.
Olynda started her pregnancy at 100 pounds. At 5'4", this makes her body mass index, or BMI, 17.2. According to this measure, she is considered underweight. During her doctor's appointment she is told that the 10 pounds she has gained are within reason and her overall goal for a healthy pregnancy is to gain _______.
28-40 pounds
According to the MyPlate Analysis report, empty calories should exceed no more than 395 calories for someone like Reuben. How many empty calories did Reuben consume on this 2,000-calorie diet menu?
287 empty calories
Pregame meals should contain carbohydrate-rich foods low in fat and fiber. Bulky, fiber-rich foods such as raw vegetables or high-bran cereals, although usually desirable, are best avoided just before competition. How many grams of fiber are in the Day 2 high carbohydrate meal?
4 grams of fiber
Women who are capable of becoming pregnant should consume _____ per day of synthetic folate from fortified foods and/or supplements in addition to folate from a varied diet.
400 micrograms
Some sports nutrition professionals recommend a range of 6 to 10 grams of carbohydrate per kilogram of body weight for athletes in heavy training. If Kimmy weighs 160 pounds, how many grams of carbohydrate per day should she be eating using this recommendation? (Hint: 1 kg = 2.2 pounds.)
436-727 grams carbohydrate
The DRI for calcium for 19-30 year old males is 1,000 mg. How does the amount of calcium in this 2,000-calorie menu compare to the DRI?
There is more calcium in the menu than the DRI
Copper is part of many ___X___, all of which play a metabolic role in reactions that consume oxygen or oxygen radicals.
enzymes
The cartilage in the throat that guards the entrance to the trachea and prevents fluid and food from entering it when a person swallows is known as the _____.
epiglottis
Starting at the mouth and moving towards the anus, what is the correct order of the organs of the GI tract?
esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine
MyPlate Food Groups Fruits Vegetables Protein Grains Dairy
fruits- grapes vegetables- peppers protein- beans grains- wheat bread dairy- cheese
Which gastrointestinal hormone helps maintain the proper pH of the stomach?
gastrin
People on strict lactose-free diets need to read labels and avoid foods with four of the following ingredients except one. Which is an acceptable food for this diet?
gluten
What is the order of the four steps that may be used to convert a macronutrient into energy?
glycolysis, the intermediate step, the TCA cycle, the electron transport chain
Lipids are a large group of substances that are ____X____ in water. Many types of lipids with different structures and properties exist both in the body and in food.
insoluble
The increased need for _____ in pregnancy cannot be met by diet or by existing stores, so supplementation is often recommended.
iron
The position of the double bond closest to the methyl (CH3) end of a fatty acid is described by a(n) _____ number.
omega
Consumed in smaller quantities in the human diet
omega-3
Higher ratio in avocado and soyabean oil
omega-6
Check My Work (2 remaining) What is believed to be a safe level of alcohol consumption during pregnancy?
only abstinence is safe
Contains nitrogen in the amine group
only proteins
Made according to instructions from DNA
only proteins
A diet that provides ample carbohydrate ensures an adequate supply of _____.
oxaloacetate
Which compound plays a pivotal role in both the first and last step of the TCA cycle?
oxaloacetate
Vitamin C is involved in the ____.
synthesis of collagen
Which of the following nutrients has functions similar to vitamin E?
selenium
The proteins in the body are made of combinations of individual amino acids, known as the building blocks of protein. Amino acids are composed of a central carbon connected to a hydrogen atom, an acid group, an amine group, and a side chain. The ____X_____ is the group that varies for each amino acid.
side chain
Water is absorbed in the intestine through which process?
simple diffusion
From which organ of the GI tract do most of the nutrients get absorbed into the bloodstream?
small intestine
Which electrolyte is found in its cation form?
sodium
The differentiating factor between the 2 categories of vitamins is whether they are hydrophilic or hydrophobic. This is more commonly referred to as the ____X____ of the vitamin.
solubility
In type 2 diabetes, ____.
some glucose enters the cells, but slowly
The most common food toxin in the United States causes ______.
staphylococcal food poisoning
Which of the following foods is a good source of iron?
steak
Lipids synthesized in the liver and used to make several important hormones
sterols
Eating protein and kcalories in excess of daily needs results in the excess amino acids being _____.
stored as fat
"Omega-3 fatty acids promote eye and brain health."
structure- function claim
The use of trans fatty acids in a food product indicates _____.
the presence of hydrogenated fats
What structural component of amino acids differentiates them from one another?
the side group
Which statement applies to the health status of vegetarians on average?
they have a lower rate of cancer
Some sports nutrition experts recommend a 4:1 ratio of grams of carbohydrate: protein for optimal recovery following physical activity. Although Kimmy is eating these meals as pre-game snacks or meals, which snacks or meal comes closest to meeting the 4:1 ratio of grams of carbohydrate:protein?
day 2 meal
With weight loss, fat cells _______.
decrease in size only
For adequate calcium intake, children nine years of age and older should consume ____ per day of fat-free or low-fat milk or equivalent milk products.
three cups
How might Mr. P. benefit from a high-fiber diet?
to help him manage his weight
On average, how many calories does this 3-day WIC menu provide?
2,060 calories
Calcium is involved in all of the following functions except:
Calcium provides energy for cells.
Why does Mr. Q experience symptoms of low blood glucose, feeling shaky and dizzy, especially after he drinks too much alcohol on an empty stomach?
Drinking heavily without eating blocks glycogen breakdown by the liver, so glucose is not released into the blood, causing hypoglycemia.
True or False? The USDA has a definition for "humanely treated" meat products.
False
With a folate deficiency, ____.
c. the production of red blood cells falters
Reuben exceeded his DRI for protein on this day by approximately:
d. 2.1 times
Lynn began her pregnancy on the cusp of being overweight/obese, at 5'4" and 170 pounds. This puts her BMI at 29.24. At her first doctor's appointment, she discovers that she has lost 10 pounds. Under any other circumstances, she would be elated about the weight loss. Given her pregnancy, she is concerned. What are the weight gain recommendations for Lynn? a. Gain 15 to 20 pounds b. Maintaining current weight c. Mild weight loss through healthy diet as long as the baby's growth stays on track d. All of the above
d. All of the above
Which of the following may explain why Lynn lost 10 pounds at the outset of her pregnancy and has maintained the loss? a. Making healthier food choices for the sake of baby b. Being more aware of her habits now that she is pregnant c. Frequent check-ins with her health care providers consistently encouraging healthy behaviors d. All of the above
d. All of the above
Which of the following would be great sources of zinc? a. Pumpkin seeds and yogurt b. Lamb and beef c. Zucchini and venison d. All of the above
d. All of the above
Foods with Nutrition Facts panel can be called low sodium foods if they have less than 140 mg sodium per serving. If the fruits and vegetables on this list had Nutrition Facts panels, which one could be called "low sodium"?
d. All of the above are considered "low sodium" foods.
2. The Daily Value (DV) for vitamin C on the Nutrition Facts panel is 60 mg per day. Which food provides 100% or more of the DV for vitamin C per serving?
d. All of the above contain 100% DV for vitamin C or more per serving
Which food item contains 0 g dietary fiber per serving? a. Eggs, Hard Boiled (2 items) b. Milk, Non Fat Skim or Fat Free (8 fluid ounces) c. Beef, Short Loin, T-Bone Steak, Choice, Separable Lean, ¼" Fat, Broiled (6 ounces) d. All of the above foods contain 0 g dietary fiber per serving
d. All of the above foods contain 0 g dietary fiber per serving
Breads and starchy food products are often hidden sources of sodium. Which bread or starchy food item on the one-day DASH diet menu provides the most sodium per serving?
d. Bread, 100% Whole Wheat (1 slice)
What in Mr. P's report indicates that he may be experiencing hypoglycemia?
d. He complains of weakness and hunger during the day.
If he continues drinking, how might alcohol affect Mr. Q.'s health?
d. He will have an increased risk of colon cancer.
A desirable blood lipid profile would include a(n) _____.
d. LDL cholesterol of <100 mg/dL
Vitamin C ___X___ iron absorption
increases
Which kind of food generally has the highest thermic effect?
protein
One of the many roles of zinc in the human body is to support the work of thousands of ___X___ , such as enzymes and hormones.
proteins
The electron transport chain consists of a series of _____ that serve as electron "carriers."
proteins
Beta carotene is converted in the body into fat soluble vitamin A, a form of the nutrient the human body uses. What else is beta carotene also known as?
provitamin
To ensure rapid weight gain and correct nutrient deficiencies, children suffering from uncomplicated, but severe, acute malnutrition may be given ____.
ready-to-use therapeutic food
All of the following foods are sources of Vitamin D, except:
red meats
The key element in catabolic reactions is that they _____.
release energy
Brown adipose tissue ____.
releases stored energy as heat
Cells in the kidneys respond to low blood pressure by releasing an enzyme called ____.
renin
The process of facilitated transport for absorbing nutrients _____.
requires a specific carrier
The glycolysis pathway _____.
results in the formation of pyruvate
What vitamin A compound(s) bind(s) with opsin to form rhodopsin?
retinal
Which of the following is NOT one of the forms of vitamin A in your body and in food listed in the video?
retinase
Which vitamin A compound(s) act(s) like hormones, regulating cell differentiation, growth, and embryonic development?
retinoic acid
Which food offers the most potassium per serving?
acorn squash
"No sugar added"
nutrient claim
"Improves memory"
structure- function claim
How many tablets of the Mother Nature's Prenatal Supplement would be required per day for a woman to obtain the recommended amount of iron during pregnancy?
1
In the United States, ___ households experiences hunger or the threat of hunger.
1 in 8
Only about ___ of the earth's water is potable.
1%
Volume entering the small intestine: 8400 mL Volume entering the large intestine: 420 mL Volume leaving the large intestine: 180 mL 1. What percentage of the water entering the small intestine is absorbed by the small intestine? ___ 2. In contrast, what percentage of the water entering the small intestine is absorbed by the large intestine?___
1. 95% 2. 3%
Broken down into smaller molecules by bile salts 1. Lipids 2. Proteins 3. Carbohydrates
1. Lipids
Must first be broken down into smaller units before it can be absorbed by the intestinal wall cell 1. Lipids 2. Proteins 3. Carbohydrates
1. Lipids 2. Proteins 3. Carbohydrates
Broken down by enzymes embedded in the cellular membrane of the intestinal wall cell 1. Lipids 2. Proteins 3. Carbohydrates
2. Proteins 3. Carbohydrates
Marie is a 63-year-old African American woman from the Midwest. She is lactose intolerant and prefers staying indoors as opposed to going outside. Lately, she has had terrible bone and joint pain and a recent checkup confirms that Marie is deficient in vitamin D and has a disease called ___1____ , or poor bone mineralization. This would be considered a ___2____ deficiency that ____3_____ be directly treated with vitamin D supplementation.
1. osteomalacia 2. primary 3. could
Vitamins have many functions throughout the body. For example, ____1____ function as antioxidants, the ____2____ function as coenzymes, and _____3_____ is important for calcium regulation.
1. vitamins C and E 2. B vitamins 3. vitamin D
Fresh and frozen vegetables generally contain more dietary fiber than do canned vegetables. How many more grams of fiber are in Green Beans, Boiled, Drained (1 cup) than in Green Beans, Canned, Drained (1 cup)?
1.43 grams more
At what pH level do the gastrin-producing cells stop secreting acid into the stomach?
1.5
How many cups per day would be needed to meet the dietary recommendations for the fruit group for an individual on a 2000-kcal diet?
2 cups
After physical activity, a person should drink _____ of fluids for each pound of body weight lost.
2 or more cups
Reuben has recently taken up weight lifting and his friends at the gym mistakenly believe they should eat more protein to build muscle. The DRI for protein for healthy adults is 0.8 g per kg body weight. If Reuben weighs 205 lbs (93 kg), how many grams protein per kg body weight did he eat on this day?
1.6 g/kg number of grams of protein consumed/his weight in kg
The MyPlate Analysis report generates data for Reuben based on a 2892 calorie pattern. At this level, how many oz equivalents of grains does MyPlate say Reuben should be eating per day?
10 oz. eq.
The fast food smoothie contains only a small amount of fruit. It has 60 grams of carbohydrate: approximately 15 grams from 1 serving of fruit, approximately 5 grams from the milk products and the additional 40 grams of carbohydrate come from added sugar. If there are 4 grams of sugar in a teaspoon of sugar, how many teaspoons of added sugar are in this fast food smoothie? (Note: milk sugar does not count as added sugar.)
10 teaspoons of added sugar
Check My Work Even when using sunscreen with an SPF of 15 to 30, sufficient vitamin D synthesis can be obtained in as little as _____ of sun exposure.
10- 20 minutes
What percentage of total food energy should protein provide on a daily basis?
10-35%
A sedentary 2- to 3-year-old child requires about ____ kcalories per day.
1000
Cigarette smoking increases the need for Vitamin C and the requirement for vitamin C for smokers is 35 mg above the DRI. Although smoking is certainly not indicated during pregnancy, if Moyra Doyle were a smoker, what would her DRI for Vitamin C be?
120 mg
The maximum potential human life span is currently about ____ years.
130 years
Dementia affects an estimated ____ of adults older than 70 years of age in the United States.
15%
If two servings are eaten, what percentage of the DV have you consumed for iron?
16
A normal-weight woman should gain about _____ pounds during the first trimester.
3 1/2
Reuben's dietary fiber intake from this one-day 2,000 calorie menu fell short of his DRI of 38 grams dietary fiber. How many more grams of fiber would he have needed to eat to meet his dietary fiber DRI?
3 grams
What fat measurement corresponds to low-fat ice cream?
3 grams or less per 1/2 cup
Swapping low-fat (1%) or nonfat (skim) milk for whole milk is a good way to reduce saturated fat intake. How many grams of saturated fat do you eliminate from your diet if you replace Milk, Whole, 3.3% (8 fluid ounces) with Milk, Low Fat, 1% (8 fluid ounces)?
3 grams saturated fat
The Daily Value (DV) for saturated fat on the Nutrition Facts panel is 20 grams per day. What percent daily value (%DV) saturated fat does the Day 1 menu provide?
300%
If Mr. Q is drinking four (12-oz) cans of beer each day in addition to his normal food intake, how much weight will he gain in 6 months (180 days)? Assume that 3,500 kcalories consumed in excess leads to one lb of fat gain.
31.5 lbs (calories from one beer x 4) X 180 days / 3500 calories
Using the Intake vs. Goals report, determine how many excessive calories from protein this one-day body builder diet provides. (Excessive calories from protein = calories from protein in intake minus calories from protein in DRI.)
313 Calories from protein
To determine how much fluid she should be replenishing with, Kimmy weighs herself before and after a 2-hour run and finds she loses 3 pounds during the run. If approximately 2 cups of fluid weighs 1 pound, and she should replace her lost fluid pound-for-pound, how many fluid ounces total should Kimmy replenish with during and after her run? (Hint: 1 cup fluid = 8 fluid ounces.)
48 fluid ounces
Omega-6 fatty acids are:
4yHelp to regulate the constriction of blood vessels
The 2,100 calorie eating plan for the DASH diet recommends no more than 6% of calories from saturated fat. What percent of calories in this one-day DASH diet menu come from saturated fat?
5%
Iron requirements during pregnancy increase by ___X___ over pre-pregnancy requirements.
50%
High-fructose corn syrup is composed of fructose and glucose in an approximate ratio of _____.
50:50
Breast milk contains about ____ protein and _________fat.
6%, 55%
Water constitutes about what percent of a healthy adult's body weight?
60 percent
Delirium, exhaustion, and collapse can result when _______ percent of body weight has been lost due to dehydration.
7-10 percent
Some research suggests that the ratio of linoleic to linolenic fatty acids may affect cardiovascular health. Suggested ratios range from 4:1 to 10:1. What is the ratio of linoleic to linolenic fatty acids in Day 2?
7.4:1
How many grams of fiber are in two servings of this cereal?
8 grams
What serving of food provides the same number of calories as 7 teaspoons of oils?
8 ounces of grains
The DRI section of the 3-Day Average report states that saturated fat should make up less than 10% of total calories. What percent of total calories came from saturated fat in this 3-day menu?
8% calories from saturated fat
What is the DRI for vitamin C for Moyra Doyle?
85 mg per day
Running 2 hours per day greatly increases Kimmy's daily caloric needs. How many calories does she burn per hour when she runs at an 8 minute mile pace?
907 calories per hour
Which of the following is true about proteins?
A protein could also be referred to as a polypeptide.
The pancreas is an example of _________ organ of the digestive system. Which of the following statements describes the general function of this type of digestive organ? a. Physically interacts with the ingested food, for example, storing the food, moving the food along the digestive tract, or absorbing nutrients released from processed food b. Secretes enzymes and other liquids that aid in the digestion and processing of food
ACCESSORY ORGAN b. Secretes enzymes and other liquids that aid in the digestion and processing of food
One cup of milk provides 300 mg calcium. Based on the calcium content of the fast food smoothie from Day 1, how many cups of milk are in the fast food smoothie?
About ¼ cup milk
Which food has the greatest percentage of calories coming from fat?
Avocado, California (0.22 items)
WIC food packages and nutrition education are the chief means by which WIC affects the dietary habits and qualities of participants. Kimmy went to a "Building Healthy Bones" nutrition class at WIC and learned about various sources of calcium. After Milk, Low Fat, 1% (8 fluid ounces), which food in Day 1 of this WIC menu provides the second highest amount of calcium per serving?
Almonds, Dry Roasted, without Salt Added (0.25 cups)
A number of risk factors contribute to inadequate levels of vitamin D and increase the likelihood of developing a deficiency disease. Choose the image that depicts the individual at greatest risk for vitamin D deficiency.
Anne is an 80-year-old Caucasian woman who is relatively sedentary and spends most of her time indoors.
Why is it important to look for no antibiotics on the label?
Antibiotics have been overused to stimulate growth and that overuse has led to the rise of super bugs.
True or false? There are no side effects to taking 10 times the recommended daily allowance of iron.
False
Which food would NOT be a source of protein based on the foods and food groups discussed in the video?
Banana
The Daily Value (DV) for saturated fat on the Nutrition Facts panel is 20 grams per day. Which one item on the Day 1 menu provides more than 100% DV for saturated fat per serving?
Beef, Ground, Patty, 23% Fat, Raw (8 ounces)
What might be a cause of Mrs. Treat's ongoing heartburn?
Being overweight
Prolonged thiamin deficiency can result in ____.
Beriberi
Vitamins are split into 2 categories: water soluble (hydrophilic) and fat soluble (hydrophobic). Water soluble vitamins tend to be in the water component of foods. ____X_____ is an example of a water soluble vitamin.
Biotin
A healthcare practitioner would have the lab take a close look at this to assess for pernicious anemia related to a vitamin B12 or folate deficiency.
Blood Cell
What will happen if you do not consume enough calcium on a particular day?
Blood calcium levels will remain in the normal range because calcium is released from the bone to the blood.
7. This one-day body builder diet provides more than 100% of the DRI for all of the following, EXCEPT:
Calories
True or False: Meat that bears the labeling "cage free" means that the animals were raised in an open pasture environment, free from the confines of cages or stalls.
False
The total fiber DRI for males age 51 and older is 30 grams. Which statement regarding the 2-days' menu fiber content is correct?
Day 1 does not meet the DRI for fiber; day 2 does meet the DRI for fiber
The DRI for saturated fat recommends less than 10% of total calories. Use the Fat Breakdown reports to determine which statement is correct.
Day 2 provides less than 10% of calories from saturated fat and Day 1 provides more than 10% of calories from saturated fat
Subcategories of Total Carbohydrate on the Nutrition Facts panel are:
Dietary Fiber, Sugar, Added Sugars
True or False: There is a strict, set, universal definition for "no added antibiotics."
False
What is the average daily amount of a nutrient that will maintain a specific biochemical or physiological function in half the healthy people of a given age and gender group?
EAR
Which of the following statements about protein metabolism is NOT true?
Excess dietary protein decelerates kidney deterioration in people with kidney disease
Research has found no links between added sugars and the risk of diabetes, inflammation, hypertension, and heart disease.
False
True or False? The USDA allows food companies to put any claims they want on food packages.
False
Which of the following describes fat utilization during physical activity?
Fat represents the major fuel source during sustained, moderate activity
Water soluble vitamins are hydrophilic, meaning water loving, and thus they tend to be found in the water component of foods. ____X____ is an example of a water soluble vitamin.
Folate
While it is highly recommended that women trying to conceive take enough of this vitamin, fortification across the board of many food products is hotly debated because it can mask a dangerous B12 deficiency.
Folate
Based on her history, which of the following is a likely explanation for Mrs. Treat's sudden onset diarrhea?
Foodborne Illness
The Daily Values (DV) on the Nutrition Facts panel of a food label differ from the DRIs. The DV for total fat for a 2,000-calorie diet is 65 g total fat. With Rueben's one day intake in this menu, how did his fat intake compare to the DV?
He ate about 10 g more fat than the DV
Which MyPlate food groups did Reuben meet or exceed his servings for on this 2,000-calorie diet menu?
Fruits and Protein
Acts as a solvent
Function of water
Acts to maintain blood pressure
Function of water
What metabolic process occurs during the first 2-3 hours of fasting?
Glucose is released from the liver and fatty acids are released from the adipose tissue.
Which lipoprotein picks up cholesterol from your arteries and other places in the body and returns it back to the liver for further metabolism?
HDL (high-density lipoprotein)
How does Reuben's iron intake on this 2,000-calorie diet menu compare to his DRI?
He almost doubled the amount of iron he needs.
The Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) for sodium is 2,300 mg. How does Reuben's intake from this 2,000-calorie menu compare to the UL for sodium?
He ate 989 mg sodium more than the UL
How does Stavos' dietary fiber intake on Day 1 compare to that of Day 2?
He ate half the amount of fiber on Day 1 as he did on Day 2
If Reuben were to maintain this diet for a period of time, he would likely experience fatigue and headaches due to inadequate carbohydrate intake. How many more grams of carbohydrate per day would Reuben need to eat in order to meet the 45-65% Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) recommendation for carbohydrate? (Use his intake level of 1567 calories to first calculate 45-65% calories from carbohydrate, and then convert to grams to answer this question.)
He would need to eat 15-94 extra grams of carbohydrate multiply 1567 x 0.45 /4 and then subtract the grams he already ate multiply 1567 x 0.65 /4 and then subtract the grams he already ate
Iron comes in 2 dietary forms, heme and non-heme. What do these terms mean?
Heme iron is found in meat and non-heme iron is found in plant based foods.
What is the main function of iron in the body?
It carries oxygen.
Which of these statements is NOT true about iron?
It is difficult to get enough from food alone, so an iron supplement is always advised.
Which of the following sugars is not found in plant foods? a.maltose b.lactose c.glucose d.fructose e.sucrose
b.lactose
Which lipoprotein carries cholesterol to the cells in your body, but can get stuck in arteries while traveling in the blood,
LDL (low-density lipoprotein)
What blood lipid is linked most directly to heart disease?
LDL cholesterol
The human body is able to synthesize them
Lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins
If you eat more calcium than the DRI, all of the following will happen except:
Muscle stiffness will result from high blood calcium levels.
A severe vitamin B12 deficiency can lead to damage of this system of the body.
Nervous System
Stavos has a strong family history of heart disease. Replacing butter with olive oil or canola oil is one way he can help to reduce his chances of heart disease. Why is replacing Butter, Salted (1 tablespoon) with Oil, Olive (1 tablespoon) a heart healthy move for Stavos?
Oil, Olive (1 tablespoon) has less saturated fat than Butter, Salted (1 tablespoon)
Includes the acids DHA and EPA
Omega 3
Which fatty acid contains its first double bond on the third omega carbon? Check all that apply.
Omega-3 fatty acid Omega-6 fatty acid Polyunsaturated fatty acid
Put the foods in order of vitamin C content per serving from least amount of vitamin C to greatest amount of vitamin C.
Orange (1 medium), Brussels Sprouts (1 cup), Strawberries (1 cup), Pepper, Bell or Sweet, Red (1 cup)
____X____ refers to pale appearance seen in iron deficiency anemia because iron provides the primary pigment of red blood cells.
Pallor
The Daily Value (DV) for dietary fiber on the Nutrition Facts panel is 25 grams per day. Which food contains more than 20% of the DV for dietary fiber per serving?
Pasta, Spaghetti, Whole Wheat, Cooked (1 cup)
Nutrient density refers to the measure of nutrients provided per calorie of food. Of the following foods, which one has the most amount of vitamin C per calorie per serving?
Pepper, Bell or Sweet, Red (1 cup)
Mrs. Treat's niece, a registered dietitian nutritionist, or RDN, upon learning that her aunt takes antacids almost daily, advises her to quit relying on them so much because, in her professional opinion:
Regular use of antacids may mask a serious problem.
Given what you know about the characteristics of a deficiency disease, which of the following would be considered a deficiency disease resulting from inadequate levels of vitamin D? Check all that apply. Skin cancer Cardiovascular disease Rickets Osteomalacia Type 1 diabetes
Rickets Osteomalacia
Mrs. Treat notes that her heartburn got worse while she was at the family reunion. Why might that be?
She ate too much
Basal metabolic rate (BMR) refers to energy expended to maintain basic vital body functions such as respiration, muscle tone, and nerve function. BMR does not count the calories burned during exercise. How do the number of calories Kimmy burns during her 2-hour run compare to the other 22 hours of basal metabolism in her day?
She burns about the same amount of calories in 2 hours of running as she does in 22 hours of basal metabolism
Aretha's blood and urine tests at a recent checkup show that her levels of iron are low. She is surprised by the results because she doesn't have any of the symptoms associated with low iron, such as fatigue and headaches. Why type of deficiency does this suggest?
Subclinical
Free radicals:
c. are unstable and highly reactive molecules because they contain one or more unpaired electrons.
Swapping lower fiber foods for higher fiber food at each meal and snack can help you meet your fiber needs. If you made the following food swaps, which one would yield the greatest increase in dietary fiber?
Swapping Bread, White (2 slices) for Bread, 100% Whole Wheat (2 slices)
Which of the following is true regarding water metabolism during exercise?
Sweat losses can exceed the capacity of the GI tract to absorb water, resulting in some degree of dehydration.
The essential fatty acids omega-6 Linoleic and omega-3 Linolenic acid are polyunsaturated fatty acids that help build cell membranes, fight inflammation, and may help protect against heart disease and stroke. From the Intake vs. Goals section of the 3-Day Average report, determine how the intakes from this 3-Day WIC menu compared to the DRI goals for omega-6 (column is called PFA 18:2, Linoleic) and omega-3 (column is called PFA 18:3, Linolenic) fatty acids.
The 3-Day WIC menu met the intake goals for omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids
Because WIC provides and encourages whole grains, fruits, vegetables, and legume intake, the dietary fiber intake of WIC participants is often higher than that of non-participants. How did the dietary fiber intake of this 3-day WIC menu compare to the DRI for dietary fiber?
The 3-day WIC menu provided 9 grams more than the DRI for fiber
what does the label "USDA organic" mean on meat labels?
The animal was raised with organic feed and not given hormones or antibiotics
fat in the small intestine triggers the secretion of which hormone?
c. cholecystokinin
One of the benefits of making your own fruit smoothie versus buying a fast food, prepared one is that the homemade smoothie contains real fruit and dietary fiber. How does the dietary fiber content of the fast food smoothie on Day 1 compare to the homemade fruit smoothie on Day 2?
The fast food smoothie contains 3 g dietary fiber and the homemade fruit smoothie contains 6 g dietary fiber
When the word "natural" is found on a meat package, what does it mean?
The term is exclusive to how the meat was handled after slaughter and means it was minimally processed with no artificial ingredients added.
Which of the following represents information that the manufacturer can choose, but is not required, to put on the cereal label?
The servings of grains according to MyPlate
What is the primary role of triglycerides?
They provide the cells with energy.
Which study is most likely to use a cohort research design?
Tracking a group of individuals who eat low-fat diets every six months over a two-year time frame
Using the Fat Breakdown Report, put the types of fat in order from least percentage of calories to greatest percentage of calories for Day 2.
Trans fat, Saturated fat, Polyunsaturated Fat, Monounsaturated fat
Lipids that comprise about 95% of the fat you eat
Triglycerides
The primary role of carbohydrates in the body is to supply the cells with glucose for energy.
True
True or False: The claim "No Hormones Added," doesn't mean much on poultry or pork labels because Federal regulations already prohibit the use of hormones in both poultry and pork.
True
What is the most important consideration for a person who wants to build muscle?
Type of protein consumed from animal or plant sources
Which value can specify the point at which a nutrient could become toxic?
UL
Which vitamin or mineral does not need to be listed on the Nutrition Facts panel?
Vitamin C
This 2,000-calorie menu meets or exceeds Reuben's DRI for all of the following, EXCEPT:
Vitamin D
All of the following statements about Vitamin E are true, except:
Vitamin E is the most toxic of all the vitamins
Mrs. Treat's niece, the RDN, offers her aunt some strategies for heartburn that she gives her patients with heartburn. Which of these strategies would be among those recommended?
Wait 3 hours after eating before lying down.
In order for this synthesis to occur, a series of steps are necessary and any disruption in this process can result in a deficiency of vitamin D. With this in mind, choose the situations or conditions that could contribute to a vitamin D deficiency. Check all that apply. Having a lighter skin pigmentation Wearing protective clothing and sunscreen when outdoors Having kidney disease Living in a region with a lot of sunlight
Wearing protective clothing and sunscreen when outdoors Having kidney disease
Gastrointestinal bacteria in the body _____.
c. produce small amounts of several vitamins
Which item contains the most dietary fiber per serving?
Whole Wheat Pasta and 100% Whole Wheat Bread
If an essential amino acid that is needed to make an important protein is missing, then the body must:
b. break down existing body proteins to supply it.
Marasmus is associated with ____.
a "skin and bones" appearance
Which is a potential side effect from eating abundant carotenoid plant foods?
a temporary orange tint to skin
Eating potatoes with the skin as opposed to without the skin can increase dietary fiber intake. A medium-size baked potato weighs 173 grams. In Track Diet, compare Potatoes, White, Flesh and Skin (173 grams) with Potatoes, Baked, Flesh Only (173 grams). How many more grams of fiber are in the potato with skin than the potato with flesh only? (Hint: click on the "i" for information icon next to the food item in the Track Diet food list to reveal the nutrition information; remember to remove these 2 potato items before you generate your Source Analysis: Dietary Fiber, Total reports as they are not included on the menu for Day 1 or 2)
a. 1.6 grams more
1. The DASH diet stands for Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension. The DASH diet is an eating plan that helps lower blood pressure in a number of ways, primarily by limiting sodium to no more than 2,300 mg per day. This one-day DASH diet provides how many mg sodium?
a. 2,200 mg per day
The Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) for protein is 10-35% of calories. What percent of calories in this one-day menu come from protein?
a. 39% calories from protein
Kimmy is training for a half marathon. As her event date approaches, she is increasing the percentage of calories from carbohydrate in order to maximize her glycogen stores. What percent of calories in the Day 1 high carbohydrate snack come from carbohydrate?
a. 62% calories from carbohydrate
The Daily Value (DV) on the Nutrition Facts panel for sodium is 2,400 mg. Which item from the one-day DASH menu contains more than 10% DV for sodium?
a. Cheese, Cheddar or Colby, Low Fat (2 ounces)
For a 2,100 calorie eating plan, the DASH diet recommends no more than 150 mg cholesterol per day. Which 2 items on the DASH one-day diet contribute the greatest amount of cholesterol per serving?
a. Cod, Atlantic, Raw (4 ounces) and Beef, Eye of Round, Separable Lean and Fat, 0" Fat, Roasted (2 oz)
A very high protein diet such as this body builder diet is likely to leave Reuben feeling constipated because it does not contain enough:
a. Dietary fiber
Along with a balanced diet, weight-bearing exercise promotes bone mineral density. Reuben's body builder diet would be unhealthy for his bones over the long term because it is:
a. Inadequate in vitamin D and excessive in calcium
Why is the serving size on the Nutrition Facts panel important? a. It is the basis for the other information on the Nutrition Facts panel. b. It is the basis for the price of the food. c. it never changes d. It is the basis for the ingredient list. e. It recommends an appropriate amount to eat
a. It is the basis for the other information on the Nutrition Facts panel.
Fat-free or low-fat milk products are a good source of calcium. The DASH diet contains 2-3 servings of fat-free or low-fat milk and the 2,100 calorie DASH eating plan recommends 1,200 mg calcium per day. How does the calcium content of this one-day DASH diet compare to the 2,100 calorie DASH eating plan calcium recommendations?
a. There are almost 400 mg more calcium in the diet than is recommended
On the Nutrition Facts panel, Sugars are listed under and as part of Carbohydrate content. How does the carbohydrate and sugar content of the fast food smoothie on Day 1 compare to the homemade fruit smoothie on Day 2?
a. There is more carbohydrate and more sugar in the fast food smoothie
Janelle always feels more "tipsy" than her same-size boyfriend after they drink the same amount of alcohol. How would you explain this observation?
a. Women have less stomach alcohol dehydrogenase and thus absorb more of the alcohol into the bloodstream.
The function of bile in fat digestion is to:
a. emulsify fats into smaller particles
What kind of nutrients does the lymphatic system carry to the bloodstream?
a. fats and fat-soluble vitamins
Inside the human body, the mitochondria _____.
a. house enzymes that are involved in the process of energy metabolism
What disease is associated with a deficiency of B12?
a. pernicious anemia
The action of bacterial enzymes on fiber in the large intestine results in the _____.
a. release of short-chain fatty acids
How many meals consisting of a turkey breast and a cup of raw spinach would be required per day for a woman to obtain the recommended amount of iron during pregnancy?
about 2- 1/2
The doctor asks Mrs. Treat why she thinks she has heartburn. He's looking to see if she has the usual heartburn symptoms, which include:
acid taste in the mouth
When food is consumed, any excess energy is stored in the _____.
adipose cells
When glycogen stores become depleted after a 24-hour fast, the body synthesizes glucose needed by the brain and red blood cells from
amino acids
With gastric banding, the ____.
amount of food that can be comfortably eaten is limited
Most researchers view sports anemia as _____.
an adaptive, temporary response to endurance training
Type 1 diabetes is ____.
an autoimmune disorder
A review of Mr. P's medical records finds that his most recent fasting blood glucose level was 120 mg/dL. This level is consistent with ____________.
b. prediabetes
Which of the following fish should be avoided because of high mercury content?
b. swordfish and tilefish
Muscle growth due to protein synthesis is an example of what kind of reaction?
anabolic
The known toxic side effects of _____ include, but are not limited to, extreme aggression and hostility, heart disease, and liver damage.
anabolic steroids
This is an example of a(n). __X___ reaction, which __X___ energy
anabolic, requires
The added sugar content in a serving of this cereal is minimal (< 1g). Where do you think this small amount comes from?
apple juice concentrate
Nutrient recommendations _____.
are not minimum requirements, and may not represent optimal intakes for all individuals
The FDA has taken the position that foods produced through biotechnology and cloning ____.
are not substantially different from other foods
A body mass index of 20 generally indicates that a person is _____.
at a healthy weight
Four of the following food items are members of the vegetable food group. Which is the excepti
avocados
Fruits and vegetables are good sources of vitamins, minerals, and dietary fiber. The DRI for fiber during pregnancy is 28 grams. How many more grams of dietary fiber would she need to eat to meet her DRI?
b. Approximately 9 grams dietary fiber
The only carbohydrate in the homemade fruit smoothie comes from naturally occurring sources of milk and fruit sugar. Use the "i" information icon next to the ingredients in your Strawberry Banana Smoothie recipe to determine which ingredient contributes the greatest amount of carbohydrate in this recipe. (Hint: in Track Diet click Recipes and then click Edit and then click "i" next to the individual ingredients to view individual ingredient information.)
b. Banana (1 item)
The DASH diet recommends 4-5 servings of fruit and 4-5 servings of vegetables as well as 30 grams dietary fiber per day. Fruits and vegetables are beneficial for blood pressure because they are low in sodium, and they contain potassium and fiber. Which plant-based food contains the most amount of fiber per serving?
b. Cereal, Bran Flakes, Single Brand (0.75 cups)
Undercooked ground beef contaminated with ______ bacteria can lead to a foodborne illness with symptoms of severe bloody diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and vomiting.
b. E.coli: O157:H7
It might not be a bad idea for Mr. P. to limit his intake of added sugars, mainly because:
b. His blood sugar levels indicate he may have prediabetes.
4. Mr. Q. is concerned about his recent fatty liver diagnosis and wants to know about his prognosis. Which of the following is true of fatty liver?
b. In the early stages, it is reversible with abstinence from alcohol.
Despite his young age, Reuben was recently diagnosed with hypertension. He knows that reducing dietary sodium and increasing dietary potassium can both help to lower his blood pressure. Of the following foods, which one contains the most potassium per serving?
b. Potatoes, Baked (1 item - medium, 2 ¼ in to 3 ¼ in diameter)
3. Mr. Q wants to know why he has developed a fatty liver. You would give him all of the following reasons except:
b. The excess acetyl CoA is used to make ketogenic amino acids.
In addition to vitamin C, fruits and vegetables are good sources of other water soluble vitamins such as folate. Moyra Doyle is pregnant, and her DRI for folate is 600 mcg Dietary Folate Equivalents (DFE) per day. The Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) for folate is 1,000 mcg DFE. Moyra is taking a prenatal vitamin that provides 480 mcg DFE. Which statement is correct? (Hint: mcg = µg)
b. The fruits and vegetables in this menu plus her prenatal vitamin meet the DRI for folate but do not exceed the UL for folate
The macronutrients that we consume are broken down through digestion and then absorbed in order to ultimately ____________ . Metabolism is the set of chemical processes involved in utilizing these nutrients and maintaining life in all living organisms.
be used by the cells for energy
One ounce of ________ provides more than three times the RDA for vitamin A.
beef liver
Chronic malnutrition is best described as ____.
being associated with stunting
Golden rice received genes from a daffodil and a bacterium to enable it to make ____.
beta- carotene
Honey and corn syrup should never be fed to infants because of the risk of ____.
botulism
The foodborne illness ______ is associated with canned goods because of the anaerobic environment and usually low acidity.
botulism
Glycolysis is the process of _____.
breaking down glucose into pyruvate
A major role of protein in the body is to ____X_____ . A slight overload on the muscle triggers cellular breakdown and then protein synthesis of each muscle cell in order to adapt.
build and repair tissue cells
Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are two types of omega-3 fatty acids. The 2015 Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommends eating at least 8 ounce equivalents of a variety of seafood each week to provide an average of 250 mg EPA and DHA per day (2 types of linolenic, omega-3 fatty acids). How many mg of linolenic fatty acids are in Salmon, Atlantic, Wild, Raw (6 ounces)? (Hint: 1000 mg = 1 g.)
c. 500 mg
Fruits and vegetables are naturally low in sodium. For packaged foods that contain a Nutrition Facts panel, any food with less than 5 mg sodium per serving can be labeled "sodium free". If the following fruits and vegetables from the one-day DASH menu had a Nutrition Facts panel, which one could be labeled "sodium free"?
c. Blueberries (0.5 cup)
Both saturated fatty acids and trans fatty acids raise LDL cholesterol and total cholesterol levels. How does the trans fat content of the Day 1 menu compare to the Day 2 menu?
c. Day 1 contains 2 g trans fat and Day 2 contains 1 g trans fat
Despite being a significantly healthier option, the homemade smoothie does have more sodium per serving than the fast food smoothie does. Which ingredient in the homemade smoothie recipe contributes the majority of its sodium? (Hint: in Track Diet click Recipes and Edit Recipe and "i" next to ingredient to view individual ingredient information.)
c. Milk, Low Fat, 1% (8 fl. oz.)
Many essential dietary minerals such as potassium, calcium, and magnesium are needed for maintaining healthy blood pressure levels. The 2,100 calorie DASH eating plan recommends 500 mg magnesium per day, and this one-day DASH diet menu provides over 600 mg per day. Which item in the one-day DASH menu contains the most magnesium?
c. Spinach, Frozen (1 cup)
What happens to the bile that is reabsorbed by the small intestine?
c. The bile is recycled via the liver to the gallbladder.
Protein and fiber contribute to satiety (the feeling of fullness). How does the protein content of the homemade fruit smoothie compare to the protein content of the fast food smoothie?
c. There is 5 times the protein in the homemade fruit smoothie as there is in the fast food smoothie
Mr. Q reported that he frequently gets sick. Which of the following statements is not true explaining why excess alcohol consumption would cause a person to get sick more frequently?
c. Thiamin absorption is impaired causing a thiamin deficiency, weakening the body's defense against infections.
Where do the majority of the calories in the bottled fruit smoothie on Day 1 come from?
carbohydrate
The recommendation to keep total fat to 20 to 35 percent of kcalories pertains to reduction in risk of ____.
cardiovascular disease
Of these foods, which is the best source of B6 per kcalorie?
chicken breast
Dietary fiber is found is good amounts in four of the following foods except one. What food has the lowest amount of dietary fiber?
chicken breasts
Which lipoprotein transports dietary fat to the cells in your body?
chylomicron
The need for vitamin C is increased for which of these groups?
cigarette smokers
Iron acts as a ___X____ to many enzymes involved in making amino acids, collagen, hormones, neurotransmitters, and more.
cofactor
High consumption of red meat raises the risk of ____ cancer.
colon and rectum
An example of a sustainable agriculture practice is _______.
composting all plant residues
A typical volume leaving the large intestine might be 180 mL. If the volume exiting the large intestine were 36 mL, then it would most likely indicate a case of?
constipation
Satiation determines how much food is _____.
consumed during one meal
Which fat-formation pathway is the most efficient and direct?
conversion of dietary fat to body fat
All of the following beverages would cause adverse effects during an athletic event except:
cool water
What aspect of food choices is particularly important for professionals who help others plan healthy diets?
cultural competence
A typical serving of fruits contains an average of about _____.
d. 15 grams of carbohydrates
The total fiber DRI for males age 51 and older is 30 grams. How many more grams of dietary fiber would Stavos need to eat on Day 1 in order to meet his DRI for dietary fiber?
d. 15 more grams of dietary fiber
A typical volume leaving the large intestine might be 170 mL. If the volume exiting the large intestine were 476 mL, then it would most likely indicate a case of ___?
diarehha
An anaerobic reaction _____.
does not require oxygen
Fatty acids vary in their degree of saturation or unsaturation due to their number of _______.
double bonds
A person who regularly eats a high-protein diet needs to make sure they _____.
drink plenty of water
For treatment of the diarrhea, Mrs. Treat's doctor advises several strategies. Which of these strategies would the doctor not advise?
drinking fewer liquids
An ounce of most protein foods delivers about _____ of protein.
e. 7 grams
In general, why does a tall person have a higher basal metabolic rate than a shorter person of the same weight?
e. Taller people have more skin surface area and lose heat more rapidly than a shorter person.
You are weighing a team of football players and notice that the BMI of each player would indicate that they are obese. Which of the following would you most likely conclude?
e. They have denser bones and a higher amount of lean tissue, which contributes to their elevated body weights.
The value of a protein in a diet is determined by four of the following factors. The exception is _____.
e. amount of food
Anabolic reactions are those that _____.
e. convert small molecules to larger ones
Total fiber refers to the sum of _____.
e. dietary and functional fibers
The classic sign of vitamin E deficiency is _____.
e. erythrocyte hemolysis
What substance converts the inactive pepsinogen to its active form, pepsin?
e. hydrochloric acid
If Mr. Q. drinks a quart of beer, how many servings of alcohol is he consuming?
e. nearly three servings
Without vitamin K, _____ cannot bind to the minerals that normally form bones, resulting in low bone density.
e. osteocalcin
All of the following statements are true about carbohydrates except: a.A diet containing too much simple sugar can be harmful to health. b.All carbohydrates are made up of monosaccharides. c.Simple carbohydrates include sugars. d.Plants are the major source of carbohydrates in our diet. e.Complex carbohydrates include starch, fruit juice, and fiber.
e.Complex carbohydrates include starch, fruit juice, and fiber.
Which of the following statements is not true about carbohydrate structures? a.Simple carbohydrates include monosaccharides and disaccharides. b.Lactose is a disaccharide composed of glucose linked to galactose. c.Maltose is a disaccharide composed of glucose linked to glucose. d.Complex carbohydrates are polysaccharides consisting of many glucose units joined together. e.Sucrose is a disaccharide composed of glucose linked to galactose.
e.Sucrose is a disaccharide composed of glucose linked to galactose.
Critical Nutrients in Pregnancy 1. Inadequate intake of vitamin C during pregnancy will adversely affect this and may result in preterm birth. 2. Inadequate intake of zinc during pregnancy will adversely affect this and may lead to fetal malformations. 3. Inadequate intake of fat during pregnancy may impair this.
effects 1. collagen synthesis 2. DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis 3. Fetal brain development
Malnutrition during pregnancy 1. Gaining too little weight during pregnancy is associated with this. 2. The placenta may do this during pregnancy if the pregnant woman is malnourished. 3. This may occur in the uterus due to malnutrition during pregnancy.
effects 1. low birth weight 2. increase in size 3. decreased vasculature
Of the 20 amino acids utilized in the body, 9 are considered _____X_____, which means that the body does not produce enough to meet physiological needs and they therefore must be obtained from the diet. A conditionally essential amino acid is an amino acid that is normally considered _____X_____ but becomes _____X_____ under certain circumstances when the body does not produce enough to meet the individual's needs.
essential , non-essential, essential
The Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) for vitamin C for Moyra Doyle is 2,000 mg per day. True or False: this list of foods surpasses the UL for vitamin C for Moyra Doyle.
false
True or false? Because Nadia began her pregnancy at a healthy weight, she must be eating a healthy diet and there is no need for her to discuss her diet with her healthcare provider or take a prenatal vitamin.
false
True or false? Because Olynda, Lynn, and Nadia all began their pregnancy in different weight categories (underweight, overweight/obese, and healthy weight) they each have very different nutrient recommendations.
false
True or false? If you have all the signs and symptoms of deficiency, but have not had medical tests, such as blood work, to determine your iron levels, it is recommended that you begin iron supplementation immediately.
false
True or false? Since zinc is a trace mineral, taking more than you need cannot cause any health problems.
false
True or false? Zinc supplementation is a less expensive, and equally safe and effective, alternative to talk therapy for improving one's mental health while saving money.
false
Risk factors for gestational diabetes include _____.
family history of type 2 diabetes
based on the label ______ is the most abundant macronutrient in butter.
fat
Which nutrient(s) are harder for your body to digest?
fat and protein
When energy-yielding nutrients are consumed in excess, which one (s) can lead to storage of fat?
fat, carbohydrate, and protein
The WIC program provides special supplemental foods to meet the special nutritional needs of low-income pregnant, breastfeeding, non-breastfeeding postpartum women, infants and children up to 5 years of age who are at nutritional risk. From the MyPlate Analysis portion of the 3-Day Average report, determine which food group this 3-day WIC menu provides more than 100% goal for.
fruits
WIC serves low-income pregnant, breastfeeding, non-breastfeeding postpartum women, infants and children up to 5 years of age who are at nutritional risk. If Kimmy were breastfeeding, her vitamin C nutrient needs would be higher than for non-breastfeeding women (120 vs. 75 mg). Which food in Day 2 of this WIC menu provides the greatest amount of vitamin C?
grapefruit, pink or red (1 cup)
"Adequate calcium as part of a healthful diet, along with physical activity, may reduce the risk of osteoporosis in later life."
health claim
"Diets low in sodium may reduce the risk of high blood pressure, a disease associated with many factors."
health claim
The RDA is most useful for which group?
healthy people
Risk factors for developing osteoporosis include all of the following except:
high body weight
4. If Mr. P is in fact lactose intolerant, what would be the most likely reason, based on the information he provides?
his age
While reading a research article, you note a phrase that predicts that "individuals who exercise more will lose weight easier." How would you categorize this statement?
hypothesis
Dehydration occurs when water excretion ____X____ water intake. Individuals at risk include the elderly, infants, people exercising heavily for prolonged periods in the heat, and individuals suffering from both short and prolonged bouts of vomiting and diarrhea. Most problems associated with dehydration can be avoided if they are recognized and treated early. If left untreated, however, dehydration can lead to severe consequences including seizures, brain damage, shock, or even death.
is greater than
During a prolonged fast, the body produces an alternative fuel source known as _____.
ketone bodies
Which of the following compounds is produced by the liver during the breakdown of fat when carbohydrates are not available?
ketone bodies
According to the animation, the active, or usable, form of vitamin D, is synthesized in the ____X____
kidneys .
he symptoms Mr. P. reports in conjunction with eating ice cream are most consistent with
lactose intolerance.
Identify the organ where most of the water gets absorbed into the bloodstream.
large intestine
Which food (or food group) contains phytates?
legumes
A food that is labeled "fat-free" contains _____.
less than 0.5 grams of fat per serving and no added fat
Inactive compounds that produce the deadly poison cyanide upon activation by a specific plant enzyme called cyanogens are found in which food?
lima beans
What foodborne illness is associated with unpasteurized milk, soft cheeses, and lunch meats and can cause complications in pregnancy?
listeria
Fructose and galactose are mostly metabolized in which organ?
liver
What organ is the first to receive nutrients that have been absorbed from the digestive tract?
liver
Saturated fats have a ___X____ potential for spoiling when exposed to oxygen or heated and unsaturated fats have a ____X____ potential for spoiling when exposed to oxygen or heated due to their chemical structure.
low; high
Proteins are one of the three ______X_______ found in the diet and important structural molecules in living organisms. Proteins help provide structure to cells and are the major component of enzymes that participate in biological reactions. While all macronutrients share similarities, proteins are different than both carbohydrates and lipids in important ways.
macronutrients
This video describes the metabolism of which nutrients?
macronutrients
Check My Work The World Health Organization and UNICEF recommend two doses of vitamin A supplements, given 24 hours apart, for all children with _____.
measels
Which food is a source of preformed vitamin A?
milk
What foods provide the greatest contributions of riboflavin?
milk or milk products
The aerobic system can maintain a moderate level of physical activity for _____.
more than 20 minutes
. . . a source of amino acids? . . . a source of fatty acids? . . . a source of fuel molecules that supply energy?
no yes yes
A common myth is that a person must eat red meat to get enough iron. There are also many plant sources of iron available. Iron derived from plant sources is called ___X____ iron and is best absorbed with the consumption of vitamin C-rich foods.
non-heme
Which type of iron needs vitamin C for absorption?
non-heme iron
Assists in maintaining muscle contraction
not a function of water
A measure of the nutrients a food provides relative to the energy it provides is known as _____.
nutrient density
The warning label that appears on products containing NutraSweet (aspartame) is necessary to prevent problems for people with ____.
phenylketonuria
What members of the lipid family are soluble in both water and fat?
phospholipids
Lipids that are manufactured by the body and can act as emulsifiers in foo
phospolipids
Which food has the most iron per serving?
pinto beans
Although this 3-day WIC menu provides a variety of healthy foods, the 3-day sodium average is 2,440 mg, which is higher than the Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) of sodium of 2,300 mg. Of the 3 days, Day 3 contributes the greatest amount of sodium at 3,040 mg per day. Which 3 foods in Day 3 contributed the greatest amount of sodium on that day?
pizza, chili, and burrito
When nitrogen consumption is greater than nitrogen excretion, a person is in ____X_____ nitrogen balance.
positive Photo of baby
The table contains a list of pros and cons related to drinking water. Determine whether the factor is related to tap water, bottled water, or both. PROS 1. Likely to be safer for the environment. 2. Less likely to contain lead. CONS 3. The quality of water can vary depending on where it is sourced. 4. Not required to list the source of the water.
pros 1. tap 2. bottled cons 3. both 4. bottled
A child with dry, dull, or brittle hair may have a(n) ____ deficiency.
protein
The doctor refers Mrs. Treat to a gastroenterologist for the reported heartburn and daily use of antacids she's using to treat it. What is a concern the doctor may have?
that she may be harming her esophagus
The process of messenger RNA being made from a template of DNA is known as _____.
transcription
Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea caused by consuming food and water contaminated by a pathogen while traveling to another country is referred to as _______.
traveler's diahrrea
A person's physiological age reflects his or her health status and may or may not reflect the person's chronological age.
true
All three women are now entering their third trimester of pregnancy. They've kept in contact the entire time, occasionally comparing their pregnancy experiences. Inevitably, the topic of weight gain comes up. All women are 5'4". Olynda began her pregnancy underweight at 100 pounds and has gained 30 pounds so far. Lynn began her pregnancy at 170 pounds and has maintained the 10-pound weight loss from her first trimester. She continues to weigh 160 pounds and her baby's growth and development on track. Nadia was the only woman to begin her pregnancy journey at a healthy weight of 120 pounds and has gained 55 pounds. True or false? Although Nadia began her pregnancy at a healthy weight, her high weight gain during pregnancy leaves her at an increased risk for developing gestational diabetes and gestational hypertension. She is also at greater risk for a preterm delivery or a need for a C-section delivery.
true
Pregnant women who participate in WIC have a greater likelihood of receiving prenatal care, experience fewer infant deaths, and fewer premature births than non-WIC participants. Folic acid (folate/DFE) is an important B vitamin during pregnancy because it helps prevent neural tube defects. Kimmy Royce is not pregnant, but if she were pregnant, her DRI for folic acid (folate/DFE) would go from 400 mcg to 600 mcg folate DFE per day. The average intake from this 3-Day WIC menu would meet her pregnancy folic acid (folate/DFE) needs.
true
Supplements of omega-3 fatty acids may stimulate muscle protein synthesis in older adults and help prevent sarcopenia.
true
The risk of foodborne illness is greater in older adults than other adults.
true
True or false? Both a woman's preconception weight and her weight gain throughout pregnancy have an effect on a baby's birth weight.
true
True or false? Cracked and/or ridged nails, ingrown hairs and nails, impaired immune system, and decline in mental health are signs and symptoms of a deficiency in zinc.
true
True or false? Diet alone CAN meet all of a person's mineral needs.
true
True or false? Magnesium rich sources of food include seeds, nuts, beans, and dark chocolate or cacoa.
true
True or false? Olynda's weight gain is consistent with the current healthy pregnancy weight gain recommendations for women who began their pregnancy underweight.
true
Vitamin C deficiency leads to scurvy. The minimum amount of vitamin C needed to prevent scurvy is 10 mg per day. True or False: this list of foods provides the minimum amount of vitamin C needed to prevent scurvy.
true
Zinc deficiency can depress the appetite and blunt the sense of taste, thereby reducing food intake and worsening zinc status.
true
What diet-planning principle calls for eating different foods from within the same food group?
variety
Intra-abdominal fat is the same as
visceral fat
A ___X___ is an organic compound that must be obtained from the diet and is needed to sustain life.
vitamin
A hydrophilic vitamin is ____.
vitamin C
WIC improves the dietary intake of pregnant and postpartum women by providing important macro and micronutrients. This 3-day WIC menu met 100% of the DRI for all of the following micronutrients, EXCEPT:
vitamin D
One of the drawbacks of a high-protein, low-carbohydrate diet is that it contains too much of some nutrients and not enough of others. This one-day menu contains insufficient:
water
The body mass index describes the relationship between a person's _____.
weight and height
A grain product that retains its original content of nutrients and fiber is a(n) _____.
whole- grain food
_____ deficiency is associated with severe growth retardation and immature sexual development.
zinc
