NOV.29TH TESOL PROGRESS TEST

A 45 minute integrated lesson includes which 3 things?

-1 skill, 1 topic, 1 system

What is a lexical set?

-a type of something - a group of words with the same topic, function or form. Example 'Cat, dog, tortoise, goldfish, gerbil' is part of the topical lexical set pets." 'quickly, happily, completely, dramatically, angrily' is part of the syntactic lexical set adverbs. - see pg. 202 - tools or fruit - see in Just Right - #9 on pg. 90 NOT SYNONYMS

How should one teach inflections

-better to focus on one type of inflection when teaching, for patterns - like today we're focusing on gerunds

How are derivatives and inflections created?

-both derivatives and inflections created in same way - using prefixes and suffixes

Provide a definition of inflections

-changes the grammatical meaning -what changes is who is doing the action and singular or plural, if it's progressive, comparative vs superlativ -set number of types - 8

How should one teach derivatives?

-focus on teaching the prefixes and suffixes - follows patterns

Provide a definition of derivatives

-meaning changes a lot - change from one word class to another -infinite possibilities -students hate this

What is a lexical field?

-words that are likely to occur in a similar text -not necessarily same word form -see pg. 202 - Christmas and school

What type of words are grammar/function?

1. Conjunctions - words that join two clauses - so, because, therefore, and 2. Prepositions - time, location 3. Articles - definite vs. indefinite 4. Determiners - which one - this one, that one 5. Auxiliary verbs - paired with lexical verbs, don't have any meanings on their own - to be, to do, modal verbs 6. Pronouns - replaces proper nouns

What are the two types of word class?

1. Content 2. Grammar Function

Match the four conditions of language with the steps of a lesson

1. Exposure - study focus 2. Feedback - study practice 3. Opportunities for language use - activation 4. Motivation - engagement

Provide examples of inflections

1. Gives - 3rd person singular 2. Gave - simple past 3. Given -past participle 4. Giving - gerund 5. Tastier - comparative 6. Tastiest - superlative 7. Hotel's - possessive 8. Hotels - plural

What type of words are organized under "content"?

1. Nouns 2. Lexical verbs - action verbs, can stand on own 3. Adjectives 4. Adverbs

What are the five main pillars of teaching listening?

1. Preparation is vital 2. One play is not enough 3. Students should respond to the content not just to the language 4. Different listening stages demand different listening tasks 5. Good teaching exploits listening texts to the fullest.

What are the four characteristics of a good grammar rule?

1. clear - easy to understand 2. concise - short and to the point 3. usually true - few exceptions 4. helpful - assists you in the production and reception of language

What are the four conditions needed for language acquisition?

1. exposure 2. feedback 3. opportunities for language use 4. motivation

A 90 min class is made of?

2 45 minute lesson sequences

Compare a Boomerang Lesson to a Straight Arrow Lesson

A Straight Arrow Lesson is best for low-level learners or learning a concept for the first time. SF leads to SP. A boomerang lesson is best for higher level learners, or a concept that has already been studied. The first A leads to SF, leads to SP. The second activation has the same focus as the first one, but a different form to engage students.

What are the two groupings in a word family?

A word family is a group of words that share a common base. - like the word family of "care" - by adding prefixes and suffixes you can change the meaning of the word or its grammatical use. Derivatives and inflections are the two groupings in a word family.

Describe the teaching methodology of Guided Discovery

Barry's lesson Nov 18th You are immersed in something and you get it Mention very little of grammar explicitly Inductive - given examples, try to understand the rules Learn from observation Teacher as facilitator of learning Starts from examples to find rule

Describe the teaching methodology of Explanation

Barry's lesson on Nov. 16th was an example of this Deductive - given the rule, and then practice on own Learn what told Teacher as expert resource

What is the acronym for teaching vocabulary and what does it stand for?

CARR C - Cognitive Depth A - Affective Depth R - Repetition R - Retrieval

Provide a general definition of content words

Carry all the information More likely to change over time - like over the centuries - constantly adding words

Which system of language is normally forgotten?

Discourse

What makes a good concept question?

Doesn't use target language, concise, yes and no answer

What are the steps in a Boomerang Lesson?

EASSSA - engagement, activation, study practice, study focus, study practice activation.

What are the steps in a Straight Arrow Lesson?

ESA - engagement, study focus, study practice, activation.

4 Elements of Every Lesson?

ESSA - Engagement, Study Focus, Study Practice, Activation

Describe the two steps of a lesson plan: Engagement and Study Focus?

Engagement is to interest the students. Study Focus is direct instruction - introducing the students to a new concept or re-teaching an old one

What will every unit include for the skills and systems?

Every unit in all textbooks will work with the 4 skills, and at least 3 of the 4 systems

With which skills is it best to use the Straight Arrow Lesson?

For productive skills - writing and speaking

How would you solve the following listening issue: Worry about listening because can't go back to check

Go through all the reasons listening is difficult in their first language, and the strategies they use in their first language to overcome it Teach clarifying terms Reassure you can play it more than once

which principle of listening is the most important?

Good teaching exploits listening texts to the fullest.

Provide a general definition of grammar/function word class

Help with meaning Not changing over time Students have the most difficulty with these, and words in bold

What is the focus of the second half of an Hourglass Lesson? SF, SP, A

Language skills - pronunciation, vocab, grammar or discourse

What is the first half of an Hourglass Lesson focused on? (A1, SP)

Listening or reading - receptive skills

What are the positives of using the teaching methodology of Guided Discovery?

POSITIVES -more memorable and engaging -more natural and authentic -kinesthetic -more immediate connection with meaning of vocab

What are the positives of using the teaching methodology of Explanation?

POSITIVES -very clear and organized for teachers and students -takes less time for planning -straightforward -more people are used to this type of instruction

What are the pros and cons of using each of these texts?

Pedagogic text it's really easy to find, created specifically for the grade level, focus on different skills. The cons are that it's read as really inauthentic, which can be demotivating for students. The content can also be really dry. Authentic text is taken from real-life, which students find really motivating because they can see the real-world applications. However, it dates really quickly, might be difficult to find grade appropriate language. Adapted - its great that students can be exposed to famous literature - that can be really motivating, however it can be difficult to find and what made the original special may be lost in translation

What are the three types of reading texts used in an ESL lesson?

Pedagogic, Authentic, Adapted

3 P's of Every Lesson?

Presentation (study Focus), Practice, (study practice), Production (activation)

With which skills is it best to use a boomerang lesson?

Productive skills - writing or speaking

What are the pros and cons of teaching the phonetic alphabet in class?

Pros - confidence, empowers the learner, how they learned back home Cons - confusing, extra burden, inauthentic

What are the differences between reading and listening?

Reading -can re-read -visual cues, including pictures, headings -more ESL students excel in reading in English -can be more formal -solitary -controlled - you can choose to read -less context bound - can read anywhere Listening -in conversation or lecture can re-listen -auditory and visual -visual disconnect between how something is spelled and how it sounds -less ESL students excel in listening -more exposure - surrounds you -emotional cues - intonation, expression, stress, physical gestures, facial gestures -more use of phrasal verbs, idioms, colloquialisms -social -less control over what you listen to -context-bound

What are the four English skills?

Reading Listening Writing Speaking

Which of the skills are receptive and focus is on input?

Reading Listening = receptive, input

How does a unit begin, with a receptive or productive skill?

Receptive, eventually progressing to the productive

What are the three types of reading techniques?

SSD - Skim - read quickly to figure out gist - general idea, Scan - look more carefully for specific details, Detailed Understanding - read even more carefully to decipher even more details - like understanding a character.

What are the basic principles of pronunciation teaching?

See bottom pg. 109 You have to understand that accuracy and fluency are very different and a lot of times one gets forgotten in trying to service the other. Rhythm and intonation are equally as important as the production of individual sounds. Keep in mind the speaker's native language and how that can affect their ability to interpret and produce sounds. Students also need to feel safe in making mistakes and motivated to improve. Communicative practice is important - students should be using correct pronunciation for a reason.

Compare an Hourglass Lesson to a Boomerang Lesson

Similarities - they both have EASSSA order - engagement, activation, study practice, study focus, study practice, activation. For an Hr-Glass Lesson, the difference is in the first activation step. The first activation step for the Hr-Glass Lesson is meant to be receptive - like reading a lesson, whereas the second one is meant to be productive, like creating a letter. For Boomerang, they are both production activation steps.

For the activation process, which of the four skills do we tend to use?

Speaking or writing

Describe these two steps of a lesson plan: Study Practice and Activation?

Study Practice is when the students practice the concepts they were taught under the direction of the teacher. Focus is on accuracy. Activation is a much freerer activity with real-world application. A language production is created by the students, with the hopes that they will use/apply concepts covered in class.

Provide examples of derivates

Taster Tasty Tasteless Distasteful Distastefully Tasteful

What are phonemes?

These are the sounds of a language. There are 44 of them in Britsh English and 40 in North American English

Why do we use concept checking?

To see if students understand the concepts in class. Concept checking is finding out if a learner has understood a new item. There are a variety of ways to do this, including asking concept questions. It is especially important in inductive language teaching, where learners arrive at an understanding of rules through looking at examples of use, and the teachers may need to check that the learners have a clear understanding of the concepts presented. Concept questions, using realia, asking learners to repeat instructions, learners explaining meaning, and open-class questions are all ways of concept checking.

In a lesson, which reading technique should you focus on?

Trick question - at least 2 of the three in every lesson.

What is the purpose of the unit topic?

Unit topic is used to connect skills and systems. Also makes memorization of info and learning easier - because they are all connected in some way

What does unvoiced and voiced mean in relation to pronunciation?

Voiced means the throat vibrates, unvoiced means the throat doesn't vibrate. This is in relation to consonants. "B" is voiced, "P" is unvoiced

How would you solve the following listening issue: Find English too fast

Word counting exercises - listen to a sentence, count the number of words Teach clarifying terms and terms to ask others to slow down - "So did you mean....?"

Which of the skills are productive, focus on output?

Writing Speaking = productive, output

What are the four systems of language?

a) Vocabulary b) Pronunciation c) Grammar d) Discourse - language functions - task achievement, authentic text, how it's used in real-life

What type of grammar mistake is morphology?

any grammatical mistakes not related to syntax

What are the three philosophies for teaching grammar?

o Prescriptive grammar Strict rules o Descriptive Teach both - the normative and the correct o Pedagogic A blend of these two - descriptive and prescriptive

What type of grammar mistake is syntax?

order of words

Why is eliciting an effective teaching technique?

see pg. 118 top Eliciting (elicitation) is term which describes a range of techniques which enable the teacher to get learners to provide information rather than giving it to them. Language and ideas cannot be elicited without some input from the teacher. Eliciting helps to develop a learner-centred classroom and a stimulating environment, while making learning memorable by linking new and old information. Eliciting is not limited to language and global knowledge. The teacher can elicit ideas, feelings, meaning, situations, associations and memories. For the teacher, eliciting is a powerful diagnostic tool, providing key information about what the learners know or don't know, and therefore a starting point for lesson planning. Eliciting also encourages teachers to be flexible and to move on rather than dwell on information which is already known.