NSE 101
When doing editorial writing, what perspective do you NOT want to use?
"I"
Distinguish between the Reader and the Audience
Reader is the person actually reading the writing while audience is who your writing is catered to. So your reader is not always your audience. ex. The Prof is the reader but may not be your audience, depending on the assignment.
letter notations example
Reading prior to lecture has been correlated with better grades (Lapum 2017a, 2017b).
What do you have to identify in your tone of writing?
pitch, speed and loudness
Apostrophe error is a common error in scholarly writing when
placed in an incorrect spot, placing when its not needed or leaving it out when its needed
What point should you begin your writing with in persuasive writing?
the most important
Why should you identify your purpose before you start writing?
will help the process of writing and the decisions you make on how to write it
What are connotative words?
words that have a more positive, negative or neutral meaning over others (fat and overweight)
What are labels?
words/phrases that place people in boxes in a overpowering and demeaning way
Fact can be proved but opinions can only be ________
persuaded, supported and explained
What types of texts are used for critical writing?
phenomena
Who developed the L.E.A.R.N framework?
CNO
types of In-text citations
- parenthetical citation - narrative citation
What does the A in the L.E.A.RN framework stand for?
Analyze
Reflective writing example
According to Bramley and Matiti (2014), patients want nurses to understand how to be treated with compassionate care and gain an understanding of the importance of demonstrating compassion. Based on my personal understanding of how painful needles are, I demonstrated compassion by putting myself in my patient's shoes. Compassion was demonstrated by recognizing my patient's emotions and working collaboratively with my patient to limit the pain.
What should nurses document?
Assessments, history, and observations of the client's health status including both normal and abnormal findings. Diagnostics, planning, and interventions including care, treatment, services, and health teaching. Evaluations of the care, treatment, and services provided, noting how the client responded, and any necessary follow-up.
Audience and Reader
Audience is the person or group that you are trying to influence
Implications of Becoming
Being prepared to be a professional nurse means more than simply being prepared for clinical in terms of skills but being "ethically prepared"
additional considerations
Language discordance - times where the client or family does not speak the same language; you need to carefully assess and evaluate their understanding Stradegies - use simple language - be aware of non-verbal language and use gestures - use pictures or have a paper or pen for them to write down notes or questions - consider how to incorporate the care partner in the conversation; if they speak the same language as you but not the client; ask about less sensitive topics - use of interpreter might be needed via healthcare interpretation services but may be expensive - use a translating app such as google Emotions - commonly share sadness, anger, fear, anxitey, embarassment in the context of health and illness - create an envorinment where they can open up, ask open ended questions like "tell me how your feeling" - use premission statement to normalize how they are feeling and provide an oepning for them to speak about emotions "clients often experience sadness or anger when they are diagnosed, how are you feeling" - acknowledge their emotions; avoid changing topics Violence and tramus - may have experienced violence and tramua in their lives such as abuse, bullying, grief or loss of someone, natural disaster or way - you might not be aware of this so use a trauma-informed approach with all clients - introduce who you are, explain each step of what your doing, asking permission to touch, give the client options on what topic to discuss first Hearing and visual impairment - inquire about hearing or visual impairment - minimize any background noises or distractions; speak in a clear slightly louder voice with steady tone and deeper pitch; avoid shouting or using a high pitch sound; face them directly; articulate your words so they can read your lips; maybe use an assistive device if they have access Intellectual impariment - disability may affect their intellectual or cognitive impairments' their ability to learn and reason - learn how they can particpate best in communication - engage in active listening; ask simple questions - positive tone, steady pace; avoid speaking slow Substance impairment - client may be under the influence of drugs ad substances which may alter their way of thinking,reasoning and communication; maintain a non-judgemental attitude and an unconditional positive regard; not your job to judge a client but identify their circumstances that have influenced their choices and respect they they have self determination - speak clearly in short and simple sentences; focus on the priority of seeking care and promote health after the effects of the substance have been eliminated Escalation - communication is key to de-escale a situation - may have intense emotions and make them act out of control from hearing bad news such as diagnosis or may have a mental health crisis - for your own saftey be aware of potential risk factors De-escalation strategies - acknowledge how they feel and be non judgement - don't down play how they feel - engage in active listening - offer genuine interest, concern and empathy - be calm - recognize self determintion - be safe, but don't act afraid - be professional
Human Rights
basic rights that people are entitled to as they are human
What do you need to conclude you persuasive writing with?
call to action and strong impression
When you are writing to clients, you need to use this when talking:
lay language
learning how to respond
- sometimes you may not know how to respond bcuz the patient may something that takes you off guard - you may consider responding with statements like "tell me more" or "tell me what you mean by that" - avoid statements that may conjure judgement such as "why" or "how come" - these statements can be interpreted as a demand for an explanation and make the client feel defensive
Interview purpose
- the nature of the interview is influenced by the interview purpose ex: an interview may be short and focused or it may be more detailed and comprehensive, depending on the client's health needs/reason for seeking care; is is influenced by where you work; example: an acute or primary care setting - no matter what the purpose, there are common principles and strategies to incorporate when conducting the interview, as detailed in the upcoming sections
culture considerations
- therapeutic communication with clients and families requires attention to a person's culture It is important to note - people are cultural beings; they have beliefs and values and their way of life; this can be their ethnicity, sprituality and religion - culture is deeply embedded in each person and everything they do; including how they communicate and what is meaningful to them; shapes the way we think and behave - culture is socially transmissible; meaning that it can be passed from one person/generation to the next, making verbal and non-verbal communication a vital way to impart and share culture; culture is not static, culture patterns are dynamic and shift throughout a person's life
What does Reflective writing require?
-deep analysis of yourself as well as -deep critical thinking about an experience or text
What are words in scholarly writing that are commonly misused?
-mentioned (use described/discussed) -several, proves (use indicates or suggests) -correlates (use corresponds)
self reflection prior to the interview
-nurses are susceptible to stress sadness - despite good intentions, your communication will be strongly influenced by your mood, thoughts, and emotions Self-reflection: an important tool for recognizing your emotional state and minimizing unintentional miscommunication with clients (Ex: non-therapeutic communication)
First person is used when....
-referring to yourself (I) or yourself along with others (we/our) or personal/professional experience
Relate how scholarly writing is important to nursing?
1. Being able to adapt writing to the audience & objectives 2. Involves providing evidence to support ideas 3. Emphasizes the importance of taking information from scholarly sources 4. Involves being clear and concise when providing ideas, having a flow from one point to another 5. Allows development for communication capacity
What kind of language do you AVOID in writing?
1. Colloquial 2. Cliches 3. Jargon 4. Misused Words
List the 7 types of writing
1. Descriptive 2. Reflective 3. Analytic 4. Persuasive 5. Critical 6. Editorial 7. Literature Reviews
What is the structure of a paragraph and sentence?
1. Sentences are no longer than three lines 2. Paragraphs should be at least 3-8 sentences 3. In a double-spaced paper, paragraphs should be about one-half to three-quarters of the page. Each paragraph should have a main point Plan paragraph ahead of time lol
What are some tips for Applying effective reading skills?
1. Setting: having a good space to read 2. Pre-Reading: skimming the text before reading 3. Reading Efficiently: just focusing on reading and finishing the text 4. Annotating: making notes and highlighting main points 5. Research: look up anything you don't know or understand 6. Discover: find out what the point of the text is 7. Reflect: internalize the meaning of the text
What are the 5 Components of Critical Thinking in Nursing Model? Give an example of each.
1. Specific Knowledge; 2. Experience of Nursing 3. Critical Thinking Competencies 4. Attitudes for Critical Thinking 5. Attitudes for Critical Thinking
Title page
1. Title of paper (bold, centred and title case, located in upper half of page) 2. Author name (with one extra double space between the paper title and author) 3. Affiliation (name of school and university) and the page number 4. Course number and course name 5. Instructor name and assignment due date (in order of month, day, year with month spelled out) Whole title page should be doubled spaced and centred
Boolean Operators
Boolean operators -AND (used to combine so that your search reveals sources that have both terms in it). - OR (used to combine more than one keyword that you are interested in but both words won't necessarily be in articles together). - NOT (used to filter out certain keywords).
Define scholarly writing.
An academic writing piece that is clear, concise, and accurate An incorporation of your original ideas and a critical lens (A statement that says something specific about literature or about life). Must include credible evidence to support your thoughts and ideas and must give attention to structure grammar, tone, audience etc.
Beneficence
Doing or promoting good for others, requires the best interest of the patient remain more important than self interest
Oppressed Group Behaviour
Dominated people feel devalued in a culture where the powerful promote their own attributes as the valued ones Example: Nurses devalued r/t viewed as "handmaiden" to physicians or devalued as a predominant female role.
Who requires nurses to engage in reflective practices?
CNO (Canadian Nurses of Ontario)
Preventing Negligence
Follow CNO practice, communicate with HCP, documentation
Professional tone
Formal, respectful and serious with punctuation and full words and sentences
Client-centered approach
Frames discussions - Ensures focus on the client as a whole person and that patient is cared for in ways that respect their autonomy, voice, self-determination, and participation
Effects of Horizontal Violence (On patient care)
Frequent errors, nurses choosing to leave the profession, poor team performance, complaints from patients and families, lack of trust and respect
Editorial writing
Incorporate an educated opinion from a unique viewpoint on a particular issue and is sometimes referred to as an opinion or perspective piece
Define "Peer-Reviewed Article"
Indicates that an article has been reviewed, critiqued, and reverenced (or not reverenced) by experts in the field to be published.
Professional communication
Involves a level of formality(how well you follow standard English conventions). Professional communication applies to verbal and written communication. Principles of professional communication include being truthful, accurate, clear, concise, and comprehensive.
Analytical writing
Involves examining the issue or text closely and looking at its parts to understand the whole
Paraphrasing:
Involves presenting ideas from source material in your own words.
Persuasive Writing
Is to persuade, influence, convince and inspire your audience to believe in your point of view on a topic that involves multiple viewpoints and opinions
CRAAP
It provides you with ways to analyze your sources and determine if they are appropriate for your research. Currency- The timeliness of the information. Relevance- The importance of the information for your needs. Authority- The source of information. Accuracy- The reliability, truthfulness and correctness of the content. Purpose- The reason the information exists
What does the L in the L.E.A.RN framework stand for?
Learn
Bioethics
Moral decision in health care guided by autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, justice
Edited book with DOI
Myers, C., & Reamer, D. (Eds.). (2009). 2009 nutrition index. HealthSource. https//doi.org/10.1067/17384-998
Reference contains
Name(s) of author(s) or institution/organization that wrote source Date (most references only require year of publication) Full title Source information, which varies based on source
What type of writing can reflective writing be connected to?
Narrative writting
Horizontal Violence
Negative behaviors of nurses toward other nurses Example: Bullying, hazing, aggression
What does the N in the L.E.A.RN framework stand for?
New trial/perspective
Why do people plagiarize
On purpose (copying and pasting or purchasing an essay from a website and submitting it as original work) Accidental plagiarism - (due to carelessness, haste or misunderstanding)
How to evaluate the quality of texts
One common tool that is used to evaluate the quality of a source is called CRAAP.
Why is Annotated bibliography important?
Organizes the main ideas and your critique of multiple sources into an itemized list
Paternalism
Overriding the wishes, preferences of actions of another person, justified by a claim that this action of overriding avoids potential harm to the person.
Political tone
Overtly convey an ideology or belief
First Person
POV uses pronouns such as I, our, and we.- - Used when the author is reflecting on a personal/professional experience - Used when presenting findings from qualitative research and sometimes quantitative.
What are "Primary" and "Secondary" sources
Primary: information that is firsthand and direct (ie. Historical Archives or Research papers) Secondary: analysis that is based off a primary source (ie. Textbooks and Encyclopedias)
types of tones of writing
Professional Scientific Ironic: Critical. Rhetorical: Political:
Health Care Consent Act (HCCA)
Promotes individual authority and autonomy
Moral Reckoning
Reflecting upon ones and others motivation, choices, actions, decisions, consequences in a ethical situation or dilemma
Reflective Writing
Reflective Writing: Think deeply and critically write about an experience or an event or something you have read. You are expected to engage in reflective writing related to your clinical practice
Describe Reflective writing + ways to improve
Reflective writing includes picking a significant event in the past and thinking deeply about it. 1. Assess what happened and why it played out the way it did 2. Analyze the situation using subjective and objective standpoints 3. Reflect on what you've learned from reflecting
When are critical incidents supposed to be reported?
Regulation 965 of the Public Hospitals Act (1990) defines a critical incident as "any unintended event that occurs when a patient receives treatment in a hospital, (a) that results in death, or serious disability, injury or harm to the patient, and (b) does not result primarily from the patient's underlying medical condition or from a known risk inherent in providing treatment." "required to report all critical incidents related to medication / IV fluids" (Ontario Ministry of Health and Long Term Care, 2011). This type of reporting is important to ensure patient safety by clarifying how the incident occurred and inform changes in practice so that unsafe acts are less likely in the future (Canadian Nurses Protective Society, 2005).
Academic integrity
Requires to truthfully present you own ideas and identify when incorporating the work and ideas of others
What does the R in the L.E.A.RN framework stand for?
Revise
Non-verbal Covert
Rolling eyes, smirking, raising eyebrows
non verbal communication: SURETY
S - sit at an angle to the client U - uncross arms and legs R - relax E - eye contact T - Touch (can be therapeutic but you it appropriately) Y- Your intuition
How to avoid plagiarism
Take notes carefully - If source material is added to work, mark it or identify it in such a way to know it's from a source. - Cite work immediately and add it to reference list Give them credit Carefully follow guidelines on how to paraphrase and quote source material
Vulnerable Population
Those who develop problems as a result are excessive risks
Why do you need to avoid Colloquial phrasing language in scholarly writing?
Understanding may be limited to specific groups who understand the slang
strategies to prevent/manage conflict
Use a: client-centered approach evidence-informed approach - Be open to hearing varying disciplinary perspectives - Engage in respectful discussions - Reflect on the perspectives of all team members - Share your perspective and rationale
Harassment and Bullying
Used interchangeably: Both behaviors are repetitive and harm or humiliate another person
Third Person
Uses pronouns such as she, he, they, it, and their. - Used when intention is to provide an objective perspective to writing and eliminate subjectivity
Second Person
Uses pronouns such as you and your. - Used when addressing one or more readers specifically. - Often used for informational and instructional resources for clients and families. - Use of pronoun you makes message applicable to the reader and draws them into the message
Concept of "At Risk"
Vulnerability/Marginalization and exposure Examples: The poor, frail, disabled, homeless
What is editorial writing?
a shared educated opinion on a current controversial or debated topic
What is a clear dichotomy?
a sharp division of things (ex. right or wrong)
Commas must be added......
before the "and" that indicates the last item on the list
What should NOT be reduced in analytic writing?
complexity (find balance in writing)
Annotated bibliographies are ______________
concise
What is a paragraph closing?
concludes the paragraph and transitions into the next paragraph
What is more important than anything else in using point of view and pronouns?
consistency
Words can have two different meanings. They are called
denotative and connotative
What is the body of the paragraph?
describes, defines, compare and contrasts, analyzes and illustrates the ideas
What is important in reflective writing?
description
What is analytical writing?
detailed examination of multiple key ideas in a given topic
What are denotative words?
dictionary meaning or literal definition
What does critical thought and reflections in persuasive writing do?
dismantles objections
What are EHR?
electronic health record generally developed with interoperability as a key function, meaning that all providers who use the same health information system can access and exchange information across organizations and providers.
What are EMR?
electronic medical records used and sometimes built for a single organization or practice, with a focus on the collection of medical data (e.g., specific to physicians). Common examples include electronic documentation systems used in the practices and clinics of primary care providers that do not connect to systems outside of those organizations
What is lay language?
simple, everyday terms that the average person can understand
In scholarly writing, complex language is better than
simpler language
Nursing is oriented towards what?
social justice
Evaluating a ____________ is what critical writing involves
specific phenomenon or issue
Why you need to include points/perspectives that conflict with your own argument in your persuasive writing?
stating the limits makes you look reasonable when considering all angles
What do you need to think about during both reflective and narrative writing?
stone elements and the emotions of other people in the situations for both
To write critically you need to evaluate ______________ of questions in texts
strengths and limitations
What needs to be highlighted in a respectful way to ensure credibility in critical writing?
strengths and weaknesses
When writing Narrative Literature reviews, you have to decide how to _________ your review
structure
Write in a _______ that is appropriate to your audience in persuasive writing
style and tone
What does third person writing eliminate?
subjectivity
What is an ironic tone in writing?
subtle, humorous, dispassionate
What do you need to prevent doing in editorial writing?
suggestion a solution (cure-all) to the idea/topic
What should you NOT focus on in persuasive writing
summarizing the existing literature
What is literature review?
summarizing what is known about a topic of there is gaps or inconsistencies in it
Literature review involves _________ ideas
synthesizing
What is the difference between narrative review and systematic review
systematic review is made prior to conducting the literature review, narrative review is not on a highly focused topic and is not made prior
What do you need to do in order to have a audience in your writing?
tailor your language, content and style of writing to them
What is critical writing
taking a stance/ stating your view on an idea or issue using sources about that topic
What is Jargon language?
terms used by specific groups to make conversation simpler as everyone knows these terms
What does a summary in descriptive writing need to start with?
text source (author and title)
Who is the audience in scholarly writing?
the person on group that you're trying to influence
Point of View and Pronouns
the perspective used when writing a text and is best understood through pronoun usage and described as first person, second person or third person
What is your choice of perspective influenced by?
the purpose and audience
Semi colon use should be avoided because?
the words after the semi-colon do not form a complete clause
What does tone of writing identify?
the writers attitude toward an audience and or subject
What is the topic sentence derived from?
thesis
What does the New trial/perspective in the L.E.A.RN framework represent?
thinking ahead/moving on about what can be done differently next time in that situation
What pov is scientific writing in?
third person
What is the purpose of analytical writing?
to clarify complex topics that are not strictly right or wrong
when to use letter notation
to distinguish two different citations that have the same author and same year
Why do you need to review and create criteria in analytic writing
to find evidence and other relevant information to the topic
Comma splices should NOT be used in scholarly writing because.....
two complete sentenced should be separated by period.
How do you ensure that your view point is clearly expressed (apparent) in persuasive writing?
use topic sentence expressing main idea at the start of each paragraph
What is second person writing?
using "you" and addressing one of more readers specifically
What is third person writing?
using "you,he,they,it and their) and identifies people using their nouns
What do you need to avoid in persuasive writing?
value-based language that could trigger emotions (ex. this is right/wrong)
What should you include in each point in your persuasive writing?
well explained evidence, stats and opinions from multiple sources
Asking why based on you and other's thoughts on a certain topic
what critical thinking involves
What is "Evidence-Informed Nursing"?
when practice and decisions are based on the best possible resources in combination with prior knowledge, patient preferences, and context
What is reflective writing?
when you think deep/ recall an experience and write about it
What are signals to end paragraph?
when you want to emphasize a new point, paragraph looks long, still discussing same idea in a different way
What is persuasive writing?
writing that used for motivating, convincing and moving readers to a certain opinion/perspective
What distinguishes editorial writing from pure opinon writing?
you (the author) has expertise on the topic and it assume knowleged base
Why do you need to avoid Jargon language in scholarly writing?
you will lose the reading as they will not understand
What should you identify before you start writing?
your purpose
Why is proving an argument not possible in persuasive writing?
evidence cant prove a debatable topic either way.
What is Colloquial phrasing
familiar or everyday slang or language, used in speaking or texting
How do you figure out the purpose in your writings?
find verbs in assignment guidlines
How does process of inquiry help you in analytic writing?
finds significance of the topic and why it appears in such a matter
Types Point of View
first person, second person, third person
When arguing an issue in critical writing, ____________ at a time
follow one point
What does analytical writing lack (devoid)?
open opinions and feelings (overt opinion)
What will help you express the purpose of your topic in editorial writing?
opinion or solution to a problem
When starting analyze in analytic writing, what do you need to ask yourself about?
opposing sides
What should you do when you're synthesizing multiple texts in literature review?
organize writing based on content of similar themes
When using sources in analytical writing, what should you NOT do?
over quote one article (use several)
Descriptive writing includes _______ that can range from a few sentences to a couple pages
paraphrasing
What are possible purposes for your writing?
persuasion, argue for or against, challenge, inform, connect and motivate
What is a rhetorical tone in writing?
persuasive, simplistic
What do you need to include/acknowledge in your persuasive writing?
points/perspectives that conflict with your own argument
You need to state your ___________ when doing editorial writing
position/side
How do you demonstrate your understanding of an issue clearly in critical writing?
pre reading, note takin (annotation, diaelctic)
What do you need to articulate (express) in analytic writing?
process of inquiry
Determining a texts' ______________ to your clinical practice is what critical writing involves
quality and relevance
How do you justify evidence in your body paragraphs?
quotations and textual examples
What you need to document in a research article in descriptive writing?
rationale, study approach, findings and etc
Citation helps
readers distinguish between existing sources and original thoughts
What does the Look back in the L.E.A.RN framework represent?
recalling a situation meaningful to you in nursing
Reflective writing is equal to/ the same as?
reflective practice
What is an informal tone in writing?
relaxed, unofficial
To write critically, you need to evaluate and ask questions about ____________
research studies
What kind of language should you use in persuasive writing? (even when challenging a set of ideas)
respectful language
What does the Revise in the L.E.A.RN framework represent?
reviewing the situation and what should have and shouldn't be changed for next time
______ sentences are a common error in scholarly writing
run-on
When writing an annotated bibliography, you need to identify your topic by ___________
searching the literature for ideas
What pov is conversational writing in?
second person
What is a professional tone in writing?
formal, respectful, serious
What do you need to watch out for when using point of view and pronouns?
gender assumptions
What is a common error in clear in clear and complex language?
generalizing (homogenize) clients as entire population (need to specify their condition/diagnosis)
What does your summary (descriptive writing) need to explain?
how it influences the nursing practice
What elements convey your tone of writing?
ideology and belief, level of formality, pov, word choice and punctuation
What is a scientific tone in writing?
impersonal, objective, derived from facts
Citing three or more authors
include first author's last name only plue "et al" (and others) - Ballo, Marque, et al. (2021)
The person "living with" dementia , The child "living with" autism, and the client "with a" mental health disorder are all examples of
inclusive language
What is a conversational tone in writing?
informal, fun, engaging
When is second person writing used?
informational and instructional resources for clients and families
Sentence and paragraph construction need to be constructed with __________
intention
Structure of editorial writing paper: ______ →______→________
intro, body (issue and opinion) , conclusion with call to action
What is a topic sentence?
introduces main idea and tells the reader what the paragraph is about
The "demented" patient, the "autistic child", and the "psych" patient are all examples of
labelling language
What must you do BEFORE you start your analytical writing?
learn the facts first so your values are well informed (credible)
multiple references within parenthese
list them in alphabetical order and if by the same author, list in chronological order.
What do you need to review for your paper in analytic writing?
literature
When you find your argument in persuasive writing, you need to find ________________
literature that supports it
Being open to ______________________________ based on critical thinking is what critical thinking involves
logical and reasoned judgements and conclusions
Narrative literature reviews are _________
longer
In persuasive writing, you need to choose an argument that ______________
looks at the topic from all angles
What is the most important info to document during descriptive writing?
main idea and supporting details
What do you have to compare and contrast in literature review?
main ideas
When writing Narrative Literature reviews, you need to consider.......
main points and the common findings of the literature
When writing Narrative Literature reviews, what do you need to takes notes on?
main points of the literature
How does second person writing benefit you?
makes applicable and draws reader into the message
When writing Narrative Literature reviews, what to you need to do with your chosen topic?
narrow, define and review literature related to it
What type of voice do you need to write in for descriptive writing?
neutral voice
What do you need to be open to in reflective writing?
new perspectives
What are you expected to analyze in analytic writing?
nuanced and complexed issues/concepts
Why is persuasive writing common in nursing?
nurses are commited to positive social changed through social justice and equitable, inclusive decisions
What is an example of who your audience may vary in being?
nurses, healthcare leaders, policy makers, families, educators and etc
What does third person writing provide?
objective perspective to writing
Principles of interprofessional communication
•Speak clearly •Use simple and clear language •Maintain eye contact •Be efficient •Incorporate timely information •Engage in active listening •Speak up •Seek clarification •Put clients first •Show respect
Negative Actions Overt
Hiding equipment, not being available to help
What is persuasive writing called in scholarly writing?
a reasoned opinion
What does tone of writing influence?
the message, audience mood and receptiveness
Sentences should be no longer than
3 lines
What is important language to include in a summary?
"The authours claim..." , "In the article, it is suggested"
Literature reviews example
"While authors X and Y illuminated the public safety features of seatbelts, it is also important to consider uptake and actual usage from a law enforcement perspective"
Audience and Reader example
"Write a text with a focus on influencing the provincial government about a healthcare issue; the government is your audience but instructor is your reader and will evaluate your writing"
6 interdependent competency domains
*Interprofessional communication - Have a strong influencing role in all health care situations, encircle the other four competencies. - Plays a central role in interprofessional collaboration because it supports other five competency domains *Patient/client/family/ community-centered care - Have a strong influencing role in all health care situations, encircle the other four competencies *Role clarification *Team functioning *Interprofessional conflict resolution *Collaborative Leadership
How to do Persuasive Writing
- Approach the subject from an angle that interests you. - Read and prepare as much you can about the topic. - Begin your paper with an engaging introduction - Begin with most important points - Identify opposing points of view and provide a thorough, evidence-informed, convincing argument challenging these views. - Leave the reader with a strong impression or a call to action.
List examples of search methods
- Boolean operators (AND, OR, and NOT), - Truncation (Use of star or asterisks) and - Quotation marks.
How to do Editorial writing
- Choose a specific topic - Consider the audience - Think about your purpose - Based on your informed opinion, choose a side and state your position early in the editorial.
How to do descriptive writing
- Consider the reason you why are writing - Pre-reading - Point form main points - Provide general overview - Exclude minor details - Consider your audience - Begin text identifying text source - Use complete sources - Use neutral voice, avoid incorporating your opinion or critique of text - Paraphrase the text in its own words and avoid use of direct quote
Ineffective interprofessional communication
- Disrespectful communication - Failure to communicate concern - Failure to communicate a rationale for an action or decision - Unclear/incomplete communication or miscommunication - Ineffective conflict resolution on a plan of care - Ineffective conflict resolution on a plan of care
How to do a literature reviews/Annotated bibliography
- Identify your topic for the bibliography and the number of texts to be included. - If N/A Search the literature - Take notes while reading and critiquing the identified texts. - Review your notes and then construct a short annotation summarizing each text's main points. - A bibliographic citation is included prior to the written annotation.
Two or more books by the same author
- List entries in order of publication year, beginning with work published first Sweden, N. (2001). Women's sports medicine and rehabilitation. Aspen Publishers.
Descriptive Writing Example
- Megani and her research team claim that students learn to write by reading and practicing writing - The authors explain that clients should sit on a chair quietly for five minutes before having their blood pressure taken
cultural safety
- important component of therapeutic communication, because culture is so dynamic and deeply embedded in a person's way of being - you must examine your own culture and how it affects the ways you communicate with clients; this self awareness is vital to provide cultural safe care to clients and facilitate health equity
How to do a literature reviews/Narrative literature
- Narrow and define your topic, and then review the existing literature in that area. - Take notes about the main points and critique the literature while doing pre-reading and during the full reading - Gather your notes and consider the literature you have reviewed as a whole. - Make decisions on how to structure your review. - Use topic sentences in each paragraph and logically link each paragraph and section to the next.
Guidelines of APA
- One-inch margins on all four margins with left justification - Double spaced text - Times New Roman 12 font - Page numbers in top right corner starting on the title page - Indent first line of every paragraph 0.5 in - One space after each sentence - Titles should appear on the first line of text of paper (title case, bold, and centered)
Differentiate - types of sources
- Primary source: direct, firsthand sources of information or data. - Secondary sources: One step removed from the primary source of information and discuss, interpet, analyze or otherwise rework information from primary sources
How to do Critical writing
- Provide a clear picture of the issue - Critically evaluate the phenomenon or the text in question. This will involve identifying strengths and limitations - Critical analysis demonstrates that you are able to synthesize and connect ideas - You will be expected to evaluate texts related to research studies.
Distractions that hinder the reading process
- Social media and technology can be a distraction as it is known for being addictive. Commitments that pull you in multiple directions such as pets, work, family and friends. Music and use of phones
How to do Analytical Writing
- Start with a question or debate. -Review the literature to gain a preliminary understanding of what is known about your topic. - Once you have decided what literature to include, begin your analysis. - Your analysis should present what is known about the topic in a concise and informative manner. - In your analysis, articulate your process of inquiry and examine the concept or issue closely. - The discussion section of your paper provides room for analytical commentary
Harassment and Bullying - how to help
- Step in and support the person being harassed or bullied - Have a discussion with the person doing the harassing or bullying - If the harassment continues, report and document the incident to management and the human resources department
Persuasive Writing example
- The aim of this paper is to argue why community violence in urban secondary schools is best addressed with the implementation of trauma-informed programs - Most importantly, it has been noted in the research that harm reduction clinics reduce disease incidence and mortality rates
reference page
- Titled "References"- 1st letter is capitalized, and word is bolded and centred - Double spaces - Hanging indent of .5 inch (reference first line is flush left and subsequent lines of references are indented) - Include all works cited in paper and only works cited in paper - Alphabetical order (based on first author's last name of a citation) -The authors names' should be listed in same order they are presented in original article - Capitalize only first letter of first word of title and subtitle, the first word after a colon or a dash in title and proper nouns - Always include a DOI if it is available
Name and category
- as a health professional, you are legally required to introduce yourself by your first and last name and your category - by using your full name, you relay accountability and take responsibility for your work - there are situations when nurses do not use their full name or use a pseudonym. which is permitted as long as the employer is aware and the college of nurses in Ontario is able to identify you through your employer
Health care environment often Intensifies emotions
- as you self-reflect, consider that the healthcare environment often intensifies emotions for clients and their families - it can be a place where people experience pain, discomfort and stress - clients may hear bad news and confront truths about themselves or experience intense joy and relief - because such extremes can exist in the healthcare space, the client is often attune to you (the provider) than you may be aware - the client may be telegraphing your body language or intuiting your choice of words - providers need to be self-aware and temporarily suspend their own needs in order to authentically connect with the client
Abuse and neglect
- in certain conditions, a nurse must disclose personal health information - you are legally required to report suspected child abuse or neglect, and elder abuse when the person lives in a retirement or long-term care home in Ontario - you must report to a children's aid society; "if you have reasonable grounds to suspect that a child is or may be in need of protection" - for a client in a retirement home, you must report to the Registrar of the Retirement Homes Regulatory Authority; and for a client in a long-term care home, report to the Director at the Ministry of Health and Long-term care - you must also report to the college of nurses of ontario is a client discloses or you observe a "nurse who poses a serious risk of harm to patients" (sexual abuse, incompetent care, physical or mental incapacity to provide safe care or professional misconduct)
older children and adolescents
- at a stagr where they can participate in the client interview in a more active way and articulate their experiences, emotions and needs - important to address them as the client first as opposed to the care partner - care partner is involved but you should offer the child/aldolescent the opportunity to speak with you privately at time ex: at this age, i often provide time to speak with you alone. are you okay if i ask your mom and dad to step out for a few minutes? - continue with a use of non verbal and verbal communication - non-verbal, use eye contact, relaxed, open posture to demonstrate what you are saying; smiling may be appropriate; nodding; statements of encuragment; facial expressions;intonation; may include fun objects or game or include the child in the assessment process - their in a transitional stage where they are still children but are moving closer to adulthood; respect their self determinatinon - emotional and cognitive capacity will vary from adolescent to adolescent and from situation to situation - your communication strategies will need to shit based on the adolescent - avoid talking to them as a child; they may be old enough to make their own decisions regarding health are; conscent may be determined by maturity level rather than age - should be accepting and understanding to what they are experience and be open and non-judgemental - permission statements are useful and they can normalize what an adolescent may be experiencing
Mindfulness
- can be a useful strategy for connecting with clients and authentically being fully in the moment as they respond - it's easy to get caught up in the fast-pace clinical environment and be distracted by preceding events - clients pick up on distraction and this can undermine trust - mindful meditation has been proven to reduce stress among healthcare professionals, including nurses - once learned, it can be used anytime and improve your therapeutic communication with the client
closed ended questions
- direct questions that you ask when you are seeking precise information; generate a short answer and do not facilitate dialogue ex: " do u smoke" " have u been tested for TB" " what year were you born"
concluding the interview
- ensure you understood everything - ensure the client had the opportunity to share what is important to them and for them to add any additional info - next, let them know the next steps are with regard to their care; be specific - provide them a brief summary of the data you collected; should reflect what they said and may be even paraphrased "this interview is coming to a close, i would like to share a summary of what we discussed" follow up questions " did i capture what you said accuratley" " is there anything else that you would like to share with me that is important to your care" - discuss next steps in the client's care such as physical assessments or having another health professional come to talk w them - ask them if they have any more questions - close the interview in a therapeutic way, which involves using their name and thanking them for the info
Reflective Practice: What is the environment surrounding you?
- even when you think you are accustomed to the work environment, subtle triggers can affect your ability to effectively communicate - a beeping, foul smell or bright lights may affect your ability to focus, show concern and actively listen - reflect on yourself in relation to the environment and consider what factors you can and cannot control
Relational approach
- facilitate communication that embraces cultural saftey bcuz it relies on your dialogical engagement with the client; nurses should suspend what they assume they know about culture, and let clients direct nurses with regard of how culture is meaningful to them; encourages relational interplay of communication, the client's culture and your own culture; ike everyone, nurses are cultural beings with ethnocentric tendencies - you will view the world differently than your client; so recognize you have differences which will help you better understand their culture; also position yourself as an inquirer who is in a 'space of knowing/not knowing,' be curious, looking for signicance
Therapeutic Communication
- foundation of the nurse-client relationship - it is different than the conversations you have with your friends, peers, family and colleagues - it has a specific purpose within the health care context - its intent is develop an effective interactive personal nurse-client relationship that supports the client's wellbeing and ensures holistic, client-centred, quality care
Importance of good communication
- foundational pilar of a good interview -the interview often serves as the impetus for therapeutic action - ex: without a client disclosing chest pain, it would be difficult for you to interpret what is wrong or ailing the client - the care provided by nurses is contingent on the accuracy of the data they collect, so nurses must develop their relational skills to accurately and holistically gather useful data from clients - if data are lacking, nurses are limited in providing effective care - for example: clients may not share certain problems if they are unsure whether you care or are interested; often times clients may be afraid to reveal relevant health info bcuz they fear judgement or ridicule, which could impede your ability to address their health issue
The client interview
- important component of nursing practice and involves several sources - it involves communicating with the client - who is considered the PRIMARY SOURCE - to collect subjective data (the info that the client shares with you or the client's family/friends) - the client interview may also involve collecting data from SECONDARY SOURCES such as family, friends, care partners and other health care providers - it is apart of your assessment in which you learn about the client and combine these collected data with objective data (info that you collect when performing a physical exam)
Privacy and Confidentiality
- in prep for the client interview, you must be aware of the legislation and nursing standards concerning privacy and confidentiality - the personal health information protection act states that clients have the right to have their personal health information kept private, and health care professionals are legally required to keep this info confidential - client data is kept confidential and only shared with relevant members of the healthcare team directly involved in the client's care - you may want to re-emphasize confidentiality when addressing sensitive interview topics such as trauma and violence, sexual health and substance use - client owns their personal health information; as a custodian of this information, you much request permission before disclosure - however, there are certain situations where consent for disclosure is not required (Ex; to eliminate or reduce a significant risk of harm to a person)
Citing works by different authors with same last name
- include each author's initials in citation J. S. Williams (2017) maintained that nutritional supplements can be a useful part of some diet and fitness regimens.
open ended questions
- invite the client to share descriptive answers, open up about their experience and answer in a way that is most relevant or comfortable from their perspective - clients typically talk in sentences and may even tell stories (as opposed to the short answer to closed-ended questions) - this type of question allows you to prove further ex: what was going on in your life when you first started feeling depressed tell me about when you first started smoking how have you been feeling in the past week - listen carefully so you can authentically respond and possibly probe further
Reflective Practice: What is occupying your thoughts?
- it can be helpful to step outside of the narrative in your mind - it is not abnormal for a thought to pervade your thinking, but suspending such thoughts and being in the moment with the client can assist with better communication - consider if something is weighing on you; are you ruminating about an event, a person, an idea?
adults and oldee adults
- large age catergory including everyone 18 and up - some may interact with nurses alot or barley - younger adults in their late teenage years and early twenties may share characterstics with adolescents so you may use the same communication strategies; you should examine and acknowledge your own biases and tendencies to sterotype older adults and constantly re-assess your own assumptions so they do not negatively affect your communication - give them time to process and answer questions; might have a slower response time - avoid making assumptions about their hearing or vision or cognitive capacity - speak with a clear voice, face them, write down instrutions or educational info for older adults if their dealing with alot of health info - they may have a care partner present since they may have cognitive or physical impairments that cause disabilites; engage them in an inclusive communications approach; but the client should be the main focus of care during the assessment; don't assume the care partners can better answer the questions for older clients; ask direct questions to the client even though the care provider may answer some of it
Learning therapeutic communication
- learned activity that requires knowledge and continued practice and self-reflection
innappropriate communication from the client
- may be times where the client is inappropriate - may include verbal or non-verbal; can be inappropriate touch, violent or agressive behaviour, harassing language and sexualized language stradegies include - personal saftey; move towards the doorway or have it in your sight, leaving the room or calling for help - let them know its inappropriate and do it professsionally -remind them you only engage in professional relationships with clients and families - ask them if their language has something to do with the effect of their health or illness
Therapeutic communication: CNO standard statement
- nurses are accountable to develop an effective nurse-client relationship - therapeutic communication is one of four standard statements in the therapeutic nurse-client relationship - it is used to "establish, maintain, re-establish and terminate the nurse-client relationship" - In your new role as a nursing student and your future role as an RN you must be aware of the CNO indicators of therapeutic communication and understand your role in metting this standard: Therapeutic Nurse-Client relationship - for example, the indicators specify how to introduce yourself, how to refer to the client, and how to communicate with the client - you are legally obligated to practice in accordance with the CNO standards or nursing standards in your region
Reflective Practice: How are you feeling?
- nurses are not exempt from life circumstances that can cause uncomfortable emotions like sadness, anger, frustration as well as other emotions such as happiness and gratefulness - while it may be impossible to put aside your emotions, having a sense of your emotions and their cause is a very powerful took to avoid inadvertent miscommunication
Reflective Practice: How is your well being?
- often physiological and psychological/emotional events like hunger, fatigue, body aches and sadness can shape your mood - reflect on how you are feeling in relation to your body and mind and pay attention to your body cues
developmental considerations
- persons age needs to be considered when conducting the client interview; consider their developmental stage - developmental stage does not always coordinate with a client's chronological age ; includes attention to areas such as language and congnitive and socio-emotional development; at times you need to modify communication so you are engaging with the client as a level they understand age categories young children: 5 or younger including infants (under 1), toddles (1-2 years) and preschoolers (3-5) old children and adolescents: 6-17, old children (6-12), older children (13-17) adults and older adults: clients who are 18 or older and older adults (65+)
Editorial writing example
- persuasive argument in editorial writing - "The Province of Ontario should implement policy that supports mandatory childhood vaccination considering that this preventative measure is safe and reduces the risk of illness"
the word "therapeutic"
- related to the word therapy: it means having a restorative and healing effect on the mind and body as well as doing no harm - it is important to consider how you communicate and how this affects the client
Beginning the Interview
- there is a standard way to begin interviews so that the client knows who you are and why your are there 1) Introducing yourself and addressing the client - begin by introducing yourself by name and category to the client, and determine how the client wants to addressed - it is useful and inclusive to include your own pronouns and ask what pronouns the client uses ex: " hello, I am Mac li Ken Ji. I am a registered nurse. Please call me Mac. My pronouns are he/him. How would you like me to refer to you and what pronouns do you use?" - don't use the term "preference" when referring to pronouns and gender as these are not preferences - registered nurse is a protected title, you can only refer to yourself as a nurse when you are a member of college - if you are a nursing student, identify your category based on institutional requirements ex: you may consider identifying the year of the nursing program you are in (e.g; nursing student year one, two, three or four) ex: "hello i am misa rodriguez. I am a nursing student year one. I am working with your nurse, David, today" 2) Identifying the purpose of the encounter - identify your role; which involves the purpose of the encounter - you should notify the client about any info collected will be kept confidential and if applicable, identify who the client's info will be shared with - nurses often let clients know they will be taking notes
probing questions
- types of questions and statements that allow you to gather more subjective data based on a client's response - these types of questions can be used to summarize and clarify a client's response or resolve discrepancies that you identify - can be open or closed ended ex tell me more how did that affect you when talking about your health , you said 'don't cross the bridge til you come to it' can you tell me what you mean by that - you said your doing 'well' since your partner's death, but i noticed that your are teary eyed as you are speaking about them. can you talk a bit about that"
young children
- use a combo of verbal and non verbal communication with infants; be constantly aware and adapt your use and choice of communication strategies base on the infant's response - most infants enjoy hearing the human voice; this is how they learn and make sense of language; talk to them in a relaxed and plasant tone of voice even though they cannot verbally respond; it's okay to use baby talk with infants; enhanced vocal intonation and hyper-articulation of sounds such as vowels and consonants - in terms of non-verbal communication, you should have a relaxed body posture, smile, use appropriate eye contact and gestures with your hands; facilities their sense of safety - with children, adapt your communication to their developmental stage; tailor your language to a level that children will understand, avoid long complex sentences and use short sentences with simple worlds; you can use baby talk with infants but its better to include them in the conversation; they enjoy compliments and encouragement to connect with them (look how much you have grown or great job" - because care partners (typically parents) are present with young children its important to involve them so they feel that their child is safe - while communicating with a parent, the infant or toddle may sit on the paents lap and play with a toy, so they can get more confortable with you during the first meeting - they may behave differently bcuz they are afraid of not feeling well ; ex they may hide behind their parents or refuse care from a health care provider or cry or scream; this can cause stress so demonstrate unconditional positive regard - child is unable to speak or fully articulate; ask their secondary source of data to clarify and elaborate; if they say their baby is in pain; ask how they know this - at times during the interview; it may be appropriate to interview the parents without the child present; particularly about sensitive topics
communication strategies
- use clear and simple language; avoid and limit medical and professional language bcuz the client may not understand; makes them feel included - be an active listener; shows you are engaged in conversation and that you hear and understand the client; their experiences, prefrences and health goals into their care; use eye contact, open posture, facilitation - encourage them to elaborate such as nodding, responding with tell me more; can also be demonstrated by paraphrasing what the client says which shows them you are listening and encourages them to elaborate - use silence; aids in active listening; can be useful when there talking about something personal or is struggling to find the words for what they want to say; they also may need time to think and reflect after you have asked a question ; it can be uncomfortable and u may want to fill the void with words, but give them time to think; if they feel like there taking up your time just say "it's ok take ur time" - be empathetic; understand their emotions and experiences while suspending your own viewpoint; creates trust and therapeutic relationship; demonstrate interest by responding to what the client is saying (tell me more, how do u feel about it?) - let the client's narrative shape the interview; if they talk about something difficult; say ' that must be difficult' - be honest; be authentic and truthful; to do so be straightforward with clients while talking them in a compassionate manner; if they talk about something difficult; sit down with them, maintain eye contact and be aware of vocal intonation; avoid false reassurance; when you assure or comfort the client about something that is not based on a fact. when someone voices fear or anxiety people tend to assure them saying everything will be okay; ex of false reassurance is saying it will be okay when a patient says i am scared i might die; this response is not honest and does not open communication; say tell me more - avoid distancing and avoidance language; distancing language is when you attempt to create a false space/distance between a threat and the person (the cancer has spread to your brain" as opposed to "your cancer"), avoidance language is unclear language (ex your partner didn't make it or there now at peace; be specific; your partner died") ; demonstrates honesty and clarity for the client - demonstrate unconditional positive regard; accepting and respecting that each client has agency to believe and behave how they want or feel is best; you don't have to agree or approve but your acceptance of their self-determination should not be conditional on its alignment with your beliefs or behaviours; avoid judging them or blaming them for their beliefs, behaviours or conditions; avoid questions that begin with "why" bcuz it can imply blame (ex; why do you smoke" you can reframe this and ask "tell me about the reasons that you smoke") - use permission statements; opens conversations that may be difficult to talk about; combination of statements and questions that suggest to the client that an experience or feeling is expected or normal; example; often children your age experience changes in their body that they have questions about or clients have experienced your type of surgery often have questions about sex. do you have any questions for me" or "may people your age begin to experience problems with urinary incontinence, have you had any issues" - ask one question at a time; so you are most likely to receive a clear ask; avoid asking multiple questions; probe will follow up questions after they respond and depending on what the client says - be aware of how your vocal qualities influence nurse-client communications; refers to intonation, speed and rhythm - work collaboratively with the client so that they are an active agent with self-determination; using rational inquiry approach and working collaboratively, you can focus what important to the client; provide and identify info that is relevant to them; avoid being authoritative and giving unwanted advice or ask them if their interested about learning more about a topic
non-verbal communication strategies
- used to communicate without speaking for example through facial expressions, hand gestures, eye contact and body language - communication occurs through non-verbal behaviours - can be useful to communicate emotions such as empathy, compassion and acceptance - it if often how nurses respond rather than whey they say that leaves a lasting impression on clients - non-verbal behaviours must alight with your verbal behaviours so the client understands what you are saying; it would be confusing if you had a somber tone of voice, distancing posture and avoided eye contact when attempting to maintain a therapeutic relationship with the client - try to ensure positioning where you are both at the same vertical level and a slight angle towards one another; conveys a non-confrontational and non-authoritative space; avoid standing over the client if they are sitting or lying in bed; it is better to sit down so it shows you have time to listen to them
What is your role as a nurse?
- you must ensure that the client interview is informed by the CNO standard on therapeutic nurse-client relationship, because therapeutic communication and relationships are the foundation of an effective client interview - to meet this standard, you must think carefully about how to communicate while conducting the client interview
Reflective Practice: In what ways are you physically expressing your emotions and thoughts?
- your emotions and thoughts are sometimes physically expressed through facial expressions, hand gestures, and body language - can someone tell that you are happy or sad by looking at you? - being aware of the physical expression of your emotions and thoughts can assist you in communication with others and enable you to convey emotions like empathy, compassion and concern
What are the documentation components?
-Admission sheet; generally includes information about the client including their name, age and date of birth, gender, contact information/address, admission date, reason for admission, and next of kin and/or emergency contacts. IMPORTANTLY identifies and highlights in red writing any known allergies. It may also include other health issues, list of current medications, personal items like dentures, assistive devices, a list of client valuables, and advance directives. **Progress notes/ interdisciplinary notes; free-text entry space that allows for open-ended documentation. These notes will include a record of your assessment and care of the client including the client's health status and/or responses to interventions Referrals and consultations Medication administration record (MAR); includes a list of all medications that are ordered for the client: medication name, dose, route, frequency, date the medication was ordered, and the date it will expire. It also details any consideration for administration, such as a minimum apical heart rate before administration; As the nurse, you must document the date and time, and sign and initial the MAR, when you prepare and provide any medication. Some forms include a space for noting items such as the client's apical pulse or temperature. Electronic MARs are particularly helpful by providing notifications: related to timing of medication to prevent missed doses, when a medication is about to expire, or when a new medication is ordered;Importantly, certain classes of drugs such narcotics require special documentation and witnessing protocols because of the potential for illicit use Flow sheet and graphic record: These are commonly completed by nurses and include the documentation of physiological data like vital signs, pain, and weight.;can also include routine documentation related to hygiene, mobility, nutrition, and the use of restraints. They allow healthcare providers to observe trends in data over time and recognize cues that require intervention. Kardex or summary sheet:summarize important information that should inform your daily care of the client and must be continually updated during each shift. When it is documented in written form, it may be completed in pencil because it requires frequent updating;note that it is not a legal document when written in pencil. *READ NOTES FOR KARDEX* Nursing care plan: This form includes nursing diagnoses and a plan of care based on specific goals. Operative procedures: The physician uses this form to document the specific details of a procedure and any complications. Consent forms, resuscitation forms, and healthcare directives; information about any healthcare directives such as a legal document in which the client provides power of attorney for personal or financial care. Discharge plan and summaries: These generally include information about preparation and teaching related to discharge; they should be written in clear and non-medicalized language that the client can understand. They provide specific step-by-step instructions that the client should follow when they are discharged, and may include: Workload measurement:workload measurement systems including common ones such as GRASP or other systems developed in-house. They allow organizations and leaders to monitor client care needs (e.g., number of care hours required) and nurse staffing requirements (Hadley et al., 2004). They are often used for quality improvement, securing funding, and decision-making concerning allocation of nurses.
Effective reading skills
-Setting (Creating an optimal and ideal setting for reading) - Pre-reading strategies (Such as skimming the text or brainstorming) -Efficiency (Reading material efficiently and engaging actively with it) - Annotate (Annotate written texts or take notes about the main points) - Research (Research contents/concepts you don't fully understand) -Discover (Work to discover the central meaning of the piece and ask yourself what is the author point) -Reflect (Reflect on what the text means to you)
How do you research a topic? Where should you search for these resources?
1. Search for peer-reviewed articles 2. Be familiar with common databases (Medline, Proquest Nursing, etc.) 3. Use Key-terms when searching 4. Go to the library or workshops
Types of interviewing questions
1) closed-ended questions 2) open-ended questions 3) probing questions
List and Describe the Point of Views
1. First Person: Referring to yourself alone or within a group, using pronouns like "I" or "We". 2. Second Person: Referring directly to the person, using "You" pronouns. 3. Third Person: Referring to another person, using pronouns like, "He", "She", and "They".
How do you apply professional communication?
1. Introduce yourself with FULL name as well as your role/institute 2. DO NOT ASSUME GENDER/TITLE, either let the person tell you their gender/title, or politely ask them how they'd like to be addressed 3. Speak in full sentences 4. Be Articulate 5. Be honest 6. Be polite!
What are the 3 tips to Summarizing Readings?
1. Personal Reading Journal: quick summary of the text, highlighting main points RIGHT AFTER reading 2. One-Minute Paper: jotting down some things that were learned, creating questions and answering them 3. Learning Objectives: if professor provides learning objectives answer the questions
1. Define "Communication" 2. What are the 3 types of Communication?
1. Refers to the sharing of information, ideas, and feelings with the intent of a mutual understanding (with another person) 2. Verbal Communication: oral communication like using speech and sounds Non-Verbal Communication: no words/sounds AT ALL, included body gestures and facial expressions Written Communication: conveying a message through written word/images, includes email and paintings
What are common distractions in reading? How can you eliminate these distractions?
1. SMARTPHONE - had everything on there 2. Loud & Stimulating Environments: - family is talking or roaming around - in a public setting where there are many people 3. Obligations Outside of School - jobs - family and friends (social-life) You can eliminate distractions by finding a specified place (preferably quiet) for studying, turning off phone or placing it in a different area, and use self-control apps
How do you apply professional communication in a school email
1. Use SCHOOL EMAIL 2. The subject line should provide enough context for your email (ie. PPN 101 - Question about the Wartime nursing Image) 3. Use professional greetings/salutations 4. State your full name and class (including section) 5. Ask the question clearly and concisely - avoid slang, abbreviations, & point form. 6. Proofread email for any errors 7. Avoid humour and excessive exclamation points!!!!
Preparing for the Interview
1. review the client's existing health record/chart so you have a general overview of the client's main health needs/reason for seeking care and health history; if the client is already admitted, this review will not only give you an overview of the health history, but also their last 24 hours - this is important because: - it conveys your interest and competence as a provider - allows you to follow up on missing data - saves the client from repetition - allows you to identify any changes in the client's health status 2. Leverage the environment of the interview location and your position within the space; the interview is often conducted in locations such as clinic rooms, hospital rooms, emergency rooms, and community spaces such as the clients home You should follow these principles: - create a quiet location; so both you and the client have a place you can hear and communicate (close the room doors, curtains and turning off the radio or television) - Establish a welcoming environment; may include offering the client a place to sit and avoiding physical barriers between you and the client such as a desk - attend to the client's physical comfort; which may include offering them a drink of water and inviting them to take their coat off or have a place to put their bag/purse; if their in bed, you can ask them to sit up if they are permitted or comfortable to - create an inclusive space; in which care partners are invited to be apart of the interview based on the client's wishes - ensure a private space; the client feels comfortable to share personal info and its kept confidential; it may not be possible to keep a private space, such as when a curtain is the only barrier; in this case avoid using the client's name and other info loudly so that others can't overhear - maintain professional boundaries; creates a trust and therapeutic relationship between nurse and client; you must understand your professional role and ensure that your relationship with the client does not become person (meeting the client outside of work hours, disclosing personal info, or accepting/exchanging gifts)
How long are paragraphs?
3-8 sentences, 1/2 to 3/5 of the page double spaced
How many words does editorial writing range from?
500-1500 words (unless you have specific assignment guidelines)
Reorient
Advocate for primary health care and health promotion, move beyond individual factors, lobby for broader access to services
Scholarly writing relevance of to nursing
A form of communication - Important and beneficial skill for a nurse's role as a professional, an advocate and leader.
What is Critical Thinking in relation to nursing?
A process and set of skills designed to use knowledge and reasoning to make clinical judgments and decisions. BUT, should not be looked at as just a "set of skills".
What is a Purpose Statement?
A sentence that indicates the purpose of your writing as well as the main points that will support your purpose.
Negative Verbal Remarks Overt
Belittling, teasing, snide, rude/demeaning comments
narrative citation example
According to Schultz (2005), despite the media's insistence that it is colour-blind, Serena is most often portrayed as a symbol of Black pride and heritage
What needs to be considered in analytic writing?
All perspectives ( be open minded)
Quality of Care Information Protection Act
Allows sharing of quality of care info
Books by different authors with same last name
Alphabetize entries by authors' last name Smith, I.K. (2008). The 4-day diet. New York: NY: St. Martin's Press.
APA
American Psychological Association
Describe Analytical writing
Analytic writing involves closely examining parts of a text in order to understand the whole. Involves writing without biases and incorporating facts.
What is the difference between annotated bibliographies and narrative literature?
Annotated bibliographies are concise, narrative literature reviews are longer
What type of literature review uses a combination of descriptive and critical writing?
Annotated bibliography
Types of literature reviews
Annotated bibliography Narrative review Scoping review Systematic review
Global Health
Area of practice, study and research that places a priority on improving health, achieving equity for all people and ensuring health promoting and sustainable horticultural, political and economic system...
5 Core Professional Nursing Values (HASIA)
Autonomy, Social Justice, Integrity, Altruism, Human Dignity
Nonmaleficence
Avoiding harm or hurt. HCP balances the risk and benefit of treatment while trying to cause the lease amount of harm to patient.
Self-reflection in Interprofessional Communication
Awareness of one's personal communications styles and values helps facilitate interprofessional communication
List and explain the three levels of critical thinking outlined in Kataoka-Yahiro & Saylor's Model for Nursing Judgment.
Basic: The early stage of reasoning. Someone who has no clinical experience, as a result does not have context of situations. Having to rely on rules and guidelines to provide care. "By-the-Book" care. Complex: There is enough experience where the nurse is able to look at the complexity of a situation. Someone who thinks complex is able to think independently - acknowledging that there are alternatives to solutions and incorporating the patient's preferences. Commitment: Has a lot of experience to the points where you expect situations to happen and choices to be made. Decisions are made independently without assistance, which emphasizes accountability and on results of decisions.
Violations of Human Rights
Being in jail for own political/personal views, protesting peacefully, punished for gender or sexual orientation, etc
What are the principles of Professional Communication?
Being truthful, accurate, clear, concise, and comprehensive.
What do you need to avoid when using clear and complex language?
Broad and general terms
Effects of Horizontal Violence (On nurses)
Burnout, mental/physical health problems, anxiety, rage, etc
How do you Evaluate the quality of a text?
CRAAP Test C (currency): the timeline of the information - is it recent and has it been updated? R (relevance): the importance of the information - does it relate to my topic? A (accuracy): the reliability, truthfulness, and correctness of the content - is the information supported by evidence? A (authority): the source of the information - is the author credible and can talk about the information? P (purpose/point-of-view): the reason the information exists - is the information and pov fact or opinion?
Authored book without DOI
Campbell, D. T., & Stanley, J. C. (1963). Experimental and quasi-experimental designs for research (2nd ed.). Houghton Mifflin
Authored book with DOI
Campbell, D. T., & Stanley, J. C. (1963). Experimental and quasi-experimental designs for research (2nd ed.). Houghton Mifflin. https://doi.org/10.1038/000098-99
Code of Ethics
Characteristics of a profession and is defined by the profession
Decision Making "Litmus Test"
Check your comfort with your own gut feeling Would I be okay if... it was publicized in the newspaper, if I told my mom, my child would take this as a good example, can I live it.
narrative citation
Citation is embedded in text - Begin sentences with a signal phrase that includes the author's last name followed by date of publication in parentheses
Torts
Civil wrong committed against a person or property. Intentional Tort: Assault, Battery Unintentional Tort: Neglect
What is Interprofessional communication
Communication among members of the client care team, which may include members of various professional groups
What is Professional Communcation
Communication within a profession - which involves certain expectations of conduct.
Public Law
Concerned about relations between individual and state Example: Tax, human rights, criminal law
Private Law
Concerned with disputes between individuals Examples: Marriage, divorce, civil wrongs, contracts
Social Determinants of Health
Conditions where people born, grow, live, work, age, health system Shaped by the distribution of power. money and resources
Sentence and Paragraph construction
Construct your paragraphs and sentences with intention b/c they are building blocks of scholarly writing. Start by briefly outlining the main idea of each paragraph (should convey one main point), identified in the first sentence, that links to the overarching purpose of the paper(referred as topic sentence). Each paragraph should have several sentences supporting this main point, the end of each paragraph should link to the next paragraph to enhance flow. - Signals that it's time to end a paragraph and start a new one- - Signals that you may want to combine paragraphs
Ways the find/help find sources and resources
Consult library resources: Workshops and online resources such as research guides, information sheets, and tutorials that you can access on the library website. Talk to librarians: can teach you how to best use literature search tools such as databases and search engines that organize the information. Take a research course.
What should be avoided in scholarly writing?
Contraction use: (two words combined with an apostrophe) and words that describe something excessive (very, quite, extremely)
Omission of listing comma:
Correction: Common areas of study in year one nursing include writing, therapeutic communication, and biology
Semicolon
Correction: Examples of determinants of health include: income; education; gender; and culture
verb tense
Correction: Nurse spoke with the client's family
Modifiers
Correction: The client was upset after receiving the diagnosis
Describe Critical Writing
Critical Writing is a detailed assessment and evaluation of a text that incorporates your own research-based opinions. Considered THE HIGHEST LEVEL OF WRITING because it's both analytical and persuasive.
Social Exclusion
Denial of participation in civil affairs, denial of social good, exclusion from social production, economic exclusion
What is cliche language?
Descriptive expressions that are not understood because they lose original meaning due to overuse
Describe Descriptive writing and ways to improve in this style
Descriptive writing involves writing a summarization of a text, outlining main points - NOT INCLUDING ANY BIASES OR OPINIONS. 1. Do pre-reading before reading the text in full. 2. when summarizing, write in point-form, highlighting main points. 3. avoid being too descriptive
parenthetical citation example
Despite the media's insistence that it is colour-blind, Serena is most often portrayed as a symbol of Black pride and heritage (Schultz, 2005)
Ethical Reasoning
Discovering what is real; seeking truth to ensure ethical nursing practice
What does your analytic writing need to allow?
Discussion section (analytic commentary)
What is documentation?
Documentation refers to paper or electronic record keeping about a client's state of health and their care.
Truncation
If you are interested in variations of a word.
Nursing magazines and journals use what type of writing style?
Editorial writing
Describe Editorial Writing
Editorial writing is an opinion piece that incorporates an educated opinion from a unique perspective.
What's included in the discharge plan?
Education about their condition or disease. A list of medication including the name, dose, route, and frequency as well as adverse effects to watch for. Guidance surrounding nutrition in terms of the client's diet (i.e., what they should eat, how often, what they should avoid). Information about mobility and mobility aids, such as specific goals in terms of activity and exercise (amount and frequency), and information about aids such as crutches or a cane and how to use them. Access to resources in the community such as homecare, rehabilitation, and meal-delivery services. Information about when to seek healthcare if the client experiences specific symptoms, adverse effects, or complications, and appointments related to follow-up care. Finally, this form documents the date/time of discharge and how the client is getting home (e.g., transportation and whether they are accompanied by someone).
What does the E in the L.E.A.RN framework stand for?
Elaborate
What does the Elaborate in the L.E.A.RN framework represent?
Elaborating and describing the situation you were in (who,what,where,when,why,how)
Scientific tone
Impersonal, objective, derived from facts, sometimes written third person POV.
Advocacy
Ethical responsibility to act on behalf of another person
What does the Analyze in the L.E.A.RN framework represent?
Examining why that happened the way it did
What are unstructured data elements?
Example 1: The nurse enters a note: "The client described walking for twenty minutes a day with no shortness of breath. The client uses a cane to support their balance." This is unstructured in that the system does not have a way of understanding the meaning of any data entered in this field (e.g., whether it relates to mobility, nutrition, allergies).
Third Person example
Examples: The researchers concluded that effective communication leads to enhanced therapeutic relationships between the nurse and client or their assessment of literature.
Canada's Frayed Social Safety Net
Exists to help epople when issues arise in life that make impact their social determinants of health
Post-secondary writing expectations
Expected to engage in many types of writing, including reflective writing, summary and synthesis writing and critical and analytic writing
Critical tone
Expose oppression and power in equities
Professional Misconduct
Failure to maintain standards of practice, working while impaired, abusive conduct, theft, failure to obtain informed consent, breach of confidentiality, inadequate documentation, etc
Social Justice
Fair distribution of societies benefits, responsibilities and consequences
Justice
Fairness and unbiasesness
Personal Health Info Protection Act
Governs health care info privacy in Ontario
Horizontal Violence and Oppressed Group Behaviour?
HV is a result of OPG
On purpose plagiarism
Happens when a writer has not managed their time and has left paper to the last minute or struggled with the writing process or topic. Lead to desperation and cause writer to take credit of someone else's ideas
Example of correct APA citation
Hart and Lu-Ann (2019) argued that many students do not cite appropriately.... This is often because they do not understand the nuances of APA citation (Hart & Lu-Ann, 2019)
Poverty, economic, inequality, social status, stress, education, social exclusion, employment and job security, food security, social support
Have an impact on health and illness
What is "Information Literacy"?
Having skills to competently evaluate various sources of knowledge. "Information" -> having knowledge about things "Literacy" -> having knowledge in a specific area
Information literacy
Having skills to completely evaluate various types of knowledge. Having knowledge and skill related to various types of knowledge
Interprofessional communication importance
Helps healthcare professional develop the capacity to ...Communicate with each other in a collaborative, responsive, and responsible manner
Cross Cutting Findings
High patient to nurse ratio, inadequate understanding of importance of health care and its quality, insufficient resources and their unjust distribution
First Person example
I didn't know how to respond when I observed the way the nurse spoke to the patient. Used when referring to yourself (I) or when referring to yourself with others (we/our).
Tone of writing
Identifies a writer's attitude toward a subject or audience.
Techniques to critically summarize readings.
Identifying the main concepts/points, key details and their relationships with one another. Record key concepts and read actively. Ask questions and respond to your own questions
Code of Ethics Purpose
Inform professionals about expectations around ethical issues Informs the public of the underlying values of the profession
Plagiarism
Integrating another person's ideas and intellectual material into your own writing with giving them credit or citing them.
ISBAR means
Introduction, Situation, Background, Assessment, Recommendation
Critical writing
Involves a detailed assessment of or evaluation of a text. To some degree, this is the highest level of writing because it is both analytical and persuasive
multiple references within parenthese example
It has been found that hand hygiene with hand gel is the best measure for infection prevention (Barjarow, 2017, 2019; Matilda & Barsowitz, 2018).
What is the Kataoka-Yahiro's & Saylor's Model for nursing judgment?
It helps explain what is involved when making clinical decisions ad judgments. Defines the outcomes of critical thinking in relation to nursing problems.
no individual author but is published by an organization
It is possible for a patient to have a small stroke without even realizing it (American Heart Association [AHA], 2010).
What frame work can both reflective and narrative writing use?
L.E.A.R.N
What frame work is important to use in reflective writing as a nurse?
L.E.A.R.N
Why do you need to avoid cliche language in scholarly writing?
Lacks professionalism and original insight
A Chapter in an edited book
Lapum, J. (2018). Deepening the mystery of arts-based research in the health sciences. In P. Leavy (Ed.), Handbook of arts-based research (pp. 526-545). Guilford Press. Include DOI if one is available If there is an edition, place it in parentheses with the page numbers, e.g., (2nd ed., pp. 453-455)
Describe Literature Reviews
Literature Reviews are synthesizing ideas from pieces of literature on a particular topic.
Literature reviews
Literature reviews: Synthesize (combining two or more ideas and texts in writing) a body of literature on a particular topic
Marginalized
Living outside the "main circle" of society. Being seperated or isolated form the status quo. Limited voice, access to resources and opportunities.
How to do reflective writing
Look back - Recall a situation that was meaningful to you in your practice. Elaborate - Describe the situation from an objective and subjective perspective Analyze - Examine how and why the situation happened the way it did. Think about it in the context of nursing courses and literature Revise - Consider how and why your practice should remain the same and how it should be changed New trial/perspective-Think and move forward. What will you do differently when a similar situation occurs
Describe the LEARN steps in Reflective writing
Look back: Picking a meaningful event in the past. Elaborate: Explain the event from objective and subjection standpoints. Analyze: Do an analysis of the event and the context in which it occurred (why it played out a certain way) Revise: Identifying what should change to prevent a similar event to happen. New trial/Perspective: Considering what you should do if a similar event takes place.
How can you identify the purpose of your writing?
Look in the rubric, some profs may say straight up what the purpose is. If they don't tell you (well, first off screw them), you look for "verbs" in the rubric to help indicate the purpose. Purposes can be to persuade, to argue for or against something, and to teach your audience something.
evidence-informed approach
Make decisions - Help critically engage in discussions that are informed by evidence rather than personal preference
Edited book without DOI
Malani, S. (Ed.). (2019). 2019 nutrition index. HealthSource
Responsibility to Report: Elder Abuse
Mandatory if resident is in a LTC or retirement home
Ethical Distress
May be experienced by nurses when they know the right thing to do but are constrained from doing it
Substitute Decision Maker
May make a treatment decision for someone who is incapable to. They can also obtain same info the capable client can access
Why is it that nurses have to document ?
Nurses have a legal obligation Communication, continuity of care, and clinical judgment; vehicle of communication within the interprofessional healthcare team. By documenting information, the healthcare team is made aware of assessments, interventions, and responses. This allows for a continuity of care for the client that is connected and coordinated throughout their experience. Client safety; Client safety involves partnering with other healthcare providers and clients to prevent and minimize unsafe acts, reduce harm, and respond accordingly Quality improvement; involves constant reflection and commitment to working toward best outcomes associated with healthcare systems that are safe, effective, client-centred, timely, efficient, and equitable Funding; Documentation records can influence provincial and federal funding Legal; provides evidence of the assessments conducted on the client and the care and services provided. You and/or the client record may be subpoenaed for proceedings related to cases such as negligent practice, coroner's inquests, violence, child welfare, and criminal offenses. Research; For example, a research project might focus on RN to RPN ratios on a unit and the association with outcomes such a mortality and morbidity, or it might explore documentation notes to assess how nursing discharge teaching after surgery is related to hospital readmission rates. Population and clinical health insights; For example, reviews of client records can help healthcare providers track data and identify trends across patient groups or institutions. These reviews may provide information related to transmission of diseases and epidemics, effectiveness of interventions, or complications with certain populations. For example, influenza-related hospital admission rates and mortality rates are recorded and tracked each year.
Confidentiality and Privacy
Nurses have an ethical and legal responsibility to maintain confidentiality and privacy of health info Provincial Legislation: PHIPA, QOCIPA
Consent
Nurses responsible to obtain r/t treatment, admission, personal assistance service
Why is effective reading important to nursing?
Nurses will come across many types of readings.
Why is being Information Literate important in nursing?
Nursing requires us to read many different kinds of resources and evaluate each in order to provide nursing care. Each resource will have different levels of quality and quantity - so we as nurses must know how to evaluate which information is high quality, relevant, and reliable
Health
Objective process involving functional stability, balance and integrity
Silencing the Self
Passive aggressiveness and silencing arising out of low self-esteem and devaluing of work
Complexity of Ethical and Legal Issues
Patients advocacy movements, increase in nursing scope of practice and responsibility, attention to issues of professional negligence, life-sustaining technology, increasing public interest in health care, new policies/laws/regulation
Legal responsibilities of nurses
Personal health information practice, knowledge consent, clients right to access personal health info, potential for harm, disclosure without consent
Purpose example
Persuade/inspire your audience to act or think about an issue from your POV.
Rhetorical tone
Persuasive and simplistic
Describe Persuasive writing
Persuasive writing is basically writing in a way that will convince your audience to accept or agree with your statement or opinion.
Factors/barriers of IC
Physical environment - Context Communication styles
Responsibility to Report: Gunshot or Stab Wound
Police must be notified
What is okay to do in reflective writing?
Ponder and to be vulnerable
What is "Popular Sources" and "Grey Literature"?
Popular sources are articles that are for the general public that do not have a specific structure or any references (ie. The New York Times and Nursing Blogs) Grey Literature are sources of information that were not peer-reviewed before publishing. (ie. WHO, CNO, and Health Canada)
3 Key Role of Nurses
Practice, reorient the system, advocacy
When summarizing for descriptive writing, you need to:
Pre read + close read and take notes (annotate/dialectic)
Ethical Sensitivity
Recognition of the concerns of others, especially patients, and a subsequent interpretation and response to those concerns
Citation
Reference to another person's work - show readers that some research has been done, help position your ideas within the scholarly conversation on topic.
Search methods to research topics
Search operators are tools to help you optimize your searches.
Common writing errors
Semicolon use Run-on sentences Excessive modifiers/descriptors: Omission of listing comma Verb tense Non- Inclusive Language Anthropomorphism
Practice
Setting the stage and building a relationship of mutual respect and trust Nursing History Physical examination/home assessment Treatment plan, education and resources
more than one citation (discussing related works or studies with similar results)
Some researchers have found serious flaws in the way Rosenhan's study was conducted (Dawes, 2001; Spitzer, 1975).
Quotation:
Sometimes called direct quotation when using exact wording from source
Conflict
State of serious opposition between two or more perspectives that influences thinking and actions - Healthcare professionals may have different disciplinary perspectives that inform their understanding of a situation and may have different priorities in terms of client care
What are structured data elements?
Structured data elements: These are built-in templates or structures that guide healthcare providers when entering data. They require providers to fill out specific fields (e.g., vital signs, medication dose), often by selecting a system-provided option. In the context of an EHR, structured data have inherent meaning and can be used in meaningful ways in other functions of the EHR (e.g., trending data, triggering warnings or reminders). nurse enters the value of 140/80 in the EHR data entry field titled "blood pressure." The EHR recognizes "140" as meaning systolic blood pressure in millimetres of mercury and "80" as meaning diastolic blood pressure in millimetres of mercury. nurse begins to type wound odour in the wound assessment data entry field, the system provides automated suggestions in a drop-down menu including no odour, increasing malodour, and foul odour, and the nurse selects one. Unstructured data elements: These are free-text entry sections that allow open-ended documentation of the client data. They may include progress notes and nurses' notes, given the narrative nature of these types of documentation. Documentation of unstructured data involves the same principles as those used for paper charts (communication, accountability, and security, as discussed in the next section). Due to technological limitations, this unstructured information cannot currently be used in a meaningful way by the EHR in other functions. EHRs are currently unable to summarize or identify trends in these data, but this is an area of emergent research and methods are being developed to allow systems to understand unstructured narrative data.
New version of APA
Student papers do not require a running head
Ethics
Study of the philosophical ideals of right and wrong behaviour based on what you think you ought or ought not to do
Wellness
Subjective experience
Ironic tone
Subtle, humorous and dispassionate
Quotation marks
Surrounding phrasing to group words together so that individual words are not found separately.
Responsibility to Report: Child
Suspected child abuse must be reported to Childrens Aid Society
Fix this sentence in regards to Respectful and Inclusive Language: "The demented client was found roaming the neighboring streets of the nursing home"
The client with dementia was found roaming the neighboring streets of the nursing home"
CRAAP: Relevance
The importance of the information for your needs.
Wrong proposition is a common error in scholarly writing that happens when....
The preposition chosen is incorrect.
Define Scholarly Writing
The presentation of ideas in a clear, accurate, and congruent manner. Incorporating ideas using a critical lens, while being supported by credible sources.
What's the purpose of EHRs
The primary aim of EHRs is to facilitate seamless care for clients by providing a way to capture and access real-time client data. EHRs can improve interprofessional communication, coordinate care among providers, and foster effectiveness and efficiency in care. EHRs can help eliminate gaps in care that can arise from the inability to share information across institutions and/or geographic boundaries. These systems provide access to longitudinal and comprehensive health records of clients, along with documentation and other clinical tools to support care provision by individual healthcare providers and teams.
Interpersonal communication
The process of exchanging messages between people whose lives mutually influence one another
CRAAP: Purpose
The reason the information exists
CRAAP: Accuracy
The reliability, truthfulness and correctness of the content.
Communication
The sharing of information, ideas, and feelings and its main goal is to achieve a mutual understanding between the sender and the recipient.
CRAAP: Authority
The source of information.
CRAAP: Currency
The timeliness of the information.
What does Tone of Writing do? List 3 tone exampes.
The tone of writing indicated the authors attitude toward a topic. 1. Professional Tone 2. Conversational Tone 3. Ironic Tone
Turnitin
Tool helps instructors identify plagiarism. Detection services compare your writing to a vast collection of writing (including Internet sources and other student papers) from around the world. Uses a similarity index to identify components of your writing that are similar to other sources
Ethical Dilemmas or Conflicts
When 2 or more ethical values apply to a situation, but the value support diverging courses of action
Responsibility to Report: Sexual Abuse of Patient By Nurse
Workers are legally required to report suspcision to CNO
Descriptive writing
Write a summary about a text you read or describe. Includes a description of the main points and usually does not include your personal opinion or critique
Accidental plagiarism
Writer neglected to record the bibliographical information Writer rushed through a draft which leads to sloppy paraphrasing and inaccurate quotations.
Is First Person Point of View scholarly?
YES! However, it really also depends on your assignment and type of writing. Check with the prof and ask if you can use first person pronouns/pov.
What do you need to determine when you want to do descriptive writing?
Your audience ( yourself, prof, peers, etc)
Second Person
Your diet should include a variety of healthy foods each day or you will note from the exemplar, the following four main ideas.
When summarizing in descriptive writing, what do you need to state?
Your reason behind summarizing
What do you need to start with in analytical writing?
a question or debate to prepare to introduce the thesis or goal
What needs to be included in your analytic commentary (discussion section)?
a reflection on the caps of knowledge in the topic that highlights the work that still needs to be done in it
What you need to document in an audience of practitioners in descriptive writing?
a summarization of clinical implications
What is descriptive writing?
a summary of what the author said and doesn't include a personal opinion or critique
What is narrative review?
a type of literature review that involves a synthesis and critical analysis of literature giving the reader detailed methods on how to do the review
What is annotated bibliography?
a type of literature review that summarizes texts in alphabetical order on a topic that evaluate its quality and relevance
What is Systematic review?
a type of narrative review that synthesizes and critically analyses literature review HIGHLY FOCUSED topic where the review methods are made prior to conducting the review
Verb form or verb tense error is a common mistake in scholarly writing because....
a verb is in the incorrect form or tense (ex. speaked/spoke)
There are rarely __________ in nursing
absolute truths
What do you need to avoid during descriptive writing?
adding minor details
In critical writing you need to _____________ used when summarizing issues
adopt the language
What perspectives does analytic writing include?
all perspectives (robust analysis)
What is a robust analysis?
an approach to the structuring of problem situations in which uncertainty is high
What does your analytic writing need to include?
an informative overview of the topic
Editorial writing is often refered to as _______________
an opinion/perspective piece
What does first person writing avoid?
anthropomorphism
Anthropomorphism
attributing human characteristics to an animal or inanimate object (Personification)
What is anthropomorphism?
attributing human traits to non human things
You can choose to use complex or simpler language based on your writings'......
audience
What is a common mistake in analyctic writing?
being persuaded by one perspective
What does a summary in descriptive writing need to end with?
bibliographic citation
What type of bibliographic citations should you add to your annotated bibliography?
bibliographic citations
What type of texts can you find editorial writing?
blogs, websites, newspapers, etc
You should use critical thinking/writing when....
breaking down your topic to create discussion points
Critical writing involves ____________________________________ supported by social justice
challenging the current wide spread ideologies
parenthetical citation
citation placed in parentheses within the text of paper
Avoid jargon and slang in editorial writing by using _____________ language
clear and simple
What are clear and specific words?
clear vocabulary that is used in its appropriate setting (ex. government, hospital)
What are attributes of scholarly writing regardless of your audience?
clear, concise and congruent writing
When writing to nurses, you need to include a certain amount of
clinical terminology
What is a synthesis in literature review?
combines multiple ideas into large text
To write critically, you need to _________ to draw a conclusion
create your own ideas
What do you need to create for your paper in analytic writing?
criteria
What type of writing synthesizes/blends your ideas with those of experts
critical writing
What do you need to do to support your writing in critical writing?
critically examine the sources
When writing an annotated bibliography, what do you need to do with each text?
critique them then compare and contrast them
Being _________ carefully on a topic is what critical writing involves
curious and reflective
When doing editorial writing you need a specific topic that is ____________________
current timely and controversial
How to use Jargon writing without confusing your audience?
explain each term used when introduced
What is a critical tone in writing?
expose oppression & power inequities
SBAR/ISBAR
facilitates effective verbal communication when communicating with another healthcare professional
What are some examples of nuanced and complex issues in analytical writing?
grief, lonliness, development of healthcare policies, etc
Style rules
guidelines to ensure uniform and consistent writing across authors and publications
Writing Purpose
help guide your writing process and your decisions about how to write and what to include
How will verbs in your scholarly writing help you choose appropriate language?
helps audience see direction of your work and ensure congruence
Why is Narrative review important?
is a component of many types of assignments that forms the background of a paper or study
How does first person writing benefit you?
it is clear and reader will always know who is speaking
When and why is systematic review important?
it is used when a comprehensive review is needed on a specific topic
Why do you need to look at an argument in all angles in persuasive writing?
it shows the reader you understand all perspectives and makes you credible
How does opposing sides in analytic writing help you?
it sorts information and allows you to find out what is known about the topic
When doing editorial writing, why do you need to the language you use?
it will influence your audience if you cater your vocabulary to them
What phenomenas are used in critical writing?
journal articles, healthcare issues, new clinical guidelines and healthcare policy issues
What done do you have to use in editorial writing?
professional
What does first person writing present?
qualitative research and sometimes quantative
When writing an annotated bibliography, you need to construct a __________________
short annotation that summarizes the main points
What do you need in editorial writing that is catchy, provoking and emphasizes the main point?
short title
What does reflective writing demonstrate in nursing?
the continued competence to clinical practice
Why are labels used in society?
to oppress and subjugate populations and reduce persons to their pathology
Your audience will vary depending on the ____________ of your writing
topic and purpose
When writing Narrative Literature reviews, what do you need to use in the beginning of each paragraph?
topic sentences