NTR 344 Test 2
Explain Compensation changes
- Merit increases (based on performance) - Cost of Living Adjustments (based on inflation) -Single rate system (universal raise given to everyone based on time not performance -Pay for performance (One-time incentives) -Annual bonuses (results from pre-established goals, end of year performance pay) - Variable Pay (Pay based on performance can go up and down monthly) -Cash award (one-time based on a situation)
What are the 11 conditions for effective learning?
1. Acceptance that all people can learn 2. Individual must be motivated to learn 3. learning is an active, not passive, process 4. normally, the learner must have guidance 5. Materials for sequential learning should be provided: cases, discussion, reading 6. Time must be provided to practice, internalize 7. Learning methods should be varied to prevent boredom 8. The learner must secure satisfaction from the learning 9.Learner must get reinforcement of correct behavior 10. Standard of performance should be set 11. Recognition that there are different levels of learning
What is the Hierarchy of Needs as designated by AH Maslow in the 1950s and 60s?
1. Biological/Physiological: Hunger, warmth, rest 2.Safety/Security: Protection from danger 3. Socialization/Belonginess: Love, affection, affiliation 4. Self-esteem: Autonomy, dignity, respect 5. Self-actualization: realize one's potential through competence, creativity, and achievement
What is a performance appraisal?
A review that measures how well the employee is meeting the organization needs, conducted on a consistent basis
What is Theory Z?
A theory introduced by WS Ouchi, A democratic theory, often referred to as the 'Japanese' management style
What are questions that are not allowed in an interview?
Age, sexual orientation, marital status, parental obligations, religion, disabilities, native language
What are recruitment agencies?
Agencies that specialize in matching qualified candidates to available jobs, also called headhunters, can be paid by the employer (usually) or the candidate.
What is bureacracy?
As designated by Max Weber in 1920s the need to achieve consistency gave rise to need rules and regulations, all tasks routine, each person expert, all transactions written
Describe empowerment in the workplace.
Authorizing employees to do their work without the need to seek approval from supervisors Reduces flow work delays gives a sense of responsibility to employee
What are some good interview tips?
Be prepared, be early, dress appropriately, bring copies of resume/portfolio, act professionally
What are common methods of performance appraisal?
Checklist, rating scales, and critical incident technique, management by objectives (MBO), Appraisal interviews
How do you determine the needs for FTEs?
Consider hours of operation, work load issues, minimum number hours worked to meet needs, budget in vacation, sick days, and holidays
Describe semi-structured interviews
Conversational tone, organized by topics to be covered, planned by interviewer; sometimes in an outline format
Describe Universalism
Created by Henri Fayol in the 1920s Effective management involves planning, organizing, commanding, coordinating, and controlling
What is job analysis?
Detailed description of the daily duties to be carried out in a specific job, often includes time frames for each activity, useful for training new employees, can be useful when positions are shared by multiple employees
What are the general guidelines of appraisal?
Emphasize strengths on which the individual can build rather than stress weakness Avoid recommendations about changing personal traits; instead, suggest more acceptable ways of performing Concentrate on opportunities for growth within the employees' present job Limit plans for change or growth to a few objectives that can be accomplished within a reasonable period of time
What are EAPs?
Employee Assistance Programs are support for employees dealing with personal crisis.
Describe important parts of Employee orientation
Familiarize employee with overall organization, philosophy and mission usually provided by part of HR, provides employee handbook, includes orientation packet, orientation to the job (planned and scheduled series of events, intro to other people, tour of workplace, position jobs description, policies and procedures, sometimes includes a 'mentor' to shadow.
What are FTEs?
Full-time Equivalents are the standard unit used to describe the number of full-time positions; includes full-time, part-time, short-hour and causal employees, One FTE=40 hours per week or 2080 hours per year
What are search committees?
Group of three or more personnel work on consensus, screen, interview candidates, recommend specific candidate for hire, usually reserved for professional positions: managers, administrators, etc.
What was the human relations movement?
Hawthorne experiments: Elton Mayo, 1930s and 40s - consulting workers about work-place lighting levels improved productivity for both the experimental and the control groups, similar experiments found productivity always improved, no matter what was changed
What is HR in charge of?
Human Resources (HR) is responsible for personnel matters, setting policy and procedures related to employees, and training managers how to deal with human relations issues.
What are the management fundamentals proposed by Peter Drucker in the 1960s and 70s?
Increase organizational performance by aligning goals and subordinate objectives throughout the organization. Ideally employees get strong input into identifying their objectives, time lines for completion, etc. MBO includes ongoing tracking feedback in the process to reach objectives.
What should the content of an interview be?
Information should be shared between the candidate and the interviewer, position duties, job specification, requirements, dress code, salary, and benefits should all be addressed in the interview process, salary negotiation should take place after the offer is made Common questions raised by candidates are: promotion opportunities, salary expectations, and schedule Well-crafted questions can increase potential for candidate to be chosen as it shows initiative and organization
Describe taking notes in relation to interviews
It is normal and wise to take notes when interviewing, it is important to emphasize to the candidate that note taking does not negatively reflect how the interview is going, can be recorded, or a notes can be taken by one individual instead of by candidates
Describe structured interviews
List of all questions are prepared, questions often approved by HR department, each candidate is asked the same exact questions in the same order and in the same way, less comfortable for the candidate but is most consistent and fair
What are employee grievances?
Method for employees to use for resolving conflicts with manger
Describe Group interviews
More than one person interviews the candidate or more than one candidate is interviewed at the same time
What are some examples of OTJ training?
On the job training could be job rotation, an internship, apprenticeship,
Describe the selection process for hiring.
Paper review: initial screening of applications, eliminates candidates who don't meet job specs, often originally created by HR department, further review by hiring manager Interview. Hiring
What is the objective of a performance appraisal?
Provide employee with the opportunity to discuss their performance with the supervisor Identify strengths and areas for improvement in the employee's performance Suggest ways the employee can better meet performance standards Provide a basis for future job assignments and salary recommendations
Describe recruitment.
Recruitment refers to the process of finding qualified applicants for open positions in the organization, advertising the position is a recruitment method used to publicize the opening, can be internal or external,
What are RIFs?
Reductions in Force refers to a decrease in the workforce (aka layoffs): employees are either transferred or terminated
Describe an unstructured interview.
Resembles an informal conversation, not recommended for most positions, often used for professional positions, can still be organized, but usually does not follow specific formats and is inconsistent between candidates.
What are some hiring incentives?
Rewards or bonuses given to employees to entice them to accept a position, can be recurring (every six months), can include moving expenses, company car, expense accounts, and enhanced benefits, signing bonus - a hiring incentive offered as a lump sum of money for agreeing to stay for a specific time period.
What is the Populist approach?
The ONe Minute Manager by Kenneth Blanchard etc. 1980s One minute objective setting, one minute proaising, one minute reprimand Activators - actions taken by manager before some can accomplish a goal Behavior - what the person says or does Consequences - actions by manager
What was Douglas McGregor's Theory X and Y?
There are two fundamental approaches to managing people. Autocratic, authoritarian managment Or Laissez Faire, Participative management
Why should companies train employees?
To maintain standards, meet accreditation requirements, federal regulations, increased productivity, improves morale
Explain Non-financial incentives
Verbal recognition, can recognize individuals or teams, little or no charge, recognition banquets, receptions, employee designated parking, plaques, trophies, given additional/requested responsibilites
What are the four steps in the disciplinary process?
Verbal warning, written warning, suspension, termination
What are the typical reasons for grievance?
disagreement over wages, inequitable work schedules, disagreement over hours of work, unfair conditions of employment, discrimination against a worker, harassment of a worker, inconsistent performance standards, inappropriate use of disciplinary process
What are some off the job training experiences?
lab experiences (simulations), participation experiences, classroom settings, programmed instruction, computer-assisted instruction
What are job specifications?
lists requirements that must be fulfilled by the employee that can be evaluated objectively, should be given to all candidates for a position; applies to all candidates consistently, and includes minimum requirements of position, lists specific mimum skills required to do the job, lists physical requirements of the position, discusses literacy expectations, sometiems is tested for prior to job interview,
What are job descriptions?
lists the duties an employee will have to perform on the job, helps determine recruitment strategies, des not specify how each individual task is to be performed but does list general expectations, often includes "other duties as assigned to by manager" to protect the interest of the organization, can change aftr hired, but should be discussed openly with employee and agreed upon, often given during interview process for candidates to review