NTRS CH 5

To improve blood lipid levels, the recommendations are to decrease saturated fat to ________ or less, dietary cholesterol to less than ________ per day, and trans fat to ________.

7-10%; 300 mg; as low as possible

Fatty acids shorter than what carbon length can travel in the blood without having to be carried in a chylomicron?

14

The Adequate Intake (AI) for linoleic acid is ________ per day for men and ________ for women.

14-17 g; 11-12 g

Research has shown that very-low-fat diets, lower than ________ of energy from fat, do not provide additional benefits over moderate-fat diets.

15%

Dietary recommendations to reduce the risk of heart disease include reducing total dietary fat and saturated fat, along with increasing whole grains, so that fiber intake is ________/day

20-30 grams

The AMDR for fat is

20-35%

Based on regulations set by the FDA and USDA, a claim of "low-fat" for a single serving on a food label is defined as

3 g or less of fat

Because fats/lipids are not soluble in water, they require what type of carrier to travel in blood and lymph?

A lipoprotein

What is the primary storage site of extra energy for the average person?

Adipose cell

________ strongly stimulates the breakdown of stored fat

Adrenaline

What is a key storage organ that assists in fat digestion?

Gallbladder

Why do we need fat?

It's a primary source of energy. It makes our food taste good. It provides protection to internal organs.

Fats belong to a larger group of substances called

Lipids

What enzyme is responsible for removing the fat from the chylomicron and allowing it to enter the cell?

Lipoprotein lipase

Fats help maintain cell function. Which of the following types of lipid is a critical part of every cell membrane?

Phospholipid

Diets high in what types of fats can lead to heart disease?

Saturated and trans fats

What does trans imply?

The hydrogen atoms are attached on diagonally opposite sides of the double carbon bond.

What unique feature distinguishes lipids from other substances?

They are insoluble in water.

Essential fatty acids are required to make eicosanoids. What do they do?

They help regulate cellular function.

What do HDLs do?

They pick up cholesterol and return it to the liver.

Dietary fat enables the transport of what?

Vitamins

The lipoprotein that transports fat from a meal is called a

chylomicron

A healthy lipid profile (blood cholesterol) should have the following values: ________ total blood cholesterol, ________ LDL cholesterol, and ________ HDL cholesterol.

less than 200 mg/dl; under 100 mg/dl; over 40 mg/dl

Diets high in fat, extra calories, and ________ can increase production of VLDLs and therefore triglycerides

simple sugars

Risk factors for cardiovascular disease include

smoking, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and family history.

Chain length refers to

the number of carbons in a fatty acid chain.