NU205 FINAL ?'S
Resolution of an ethical problem involves discussion with the patient, the patient's family, and participants from appropriate health care disciplines. Which statement best describes the role of the nurse in the resolution of ethical problems? 1. To articulate the nurse's unique point of view, including knowledge based on clinical and psychosocial observations 2. To study the literature on current research about the possible clinical interventions available for the patient in question 3. To hold a point of view but realize that respect for the authority of administrators and health care providers takes precedence over personal views 4. To allow the patient and the health care provider private time to resolve the dilemma on the basis of ethical principles
1
The nurse is caring for a patient who needs a liver transplant to survive. This patient has been out of work for several months, does not have health insurance, and cannot afford the procedure. Which of the following statements speaks to the ethical elements of this case? 1. The health care team should select a plan that considers the principle of justice as it pertains to the distribution of health care resources. 2. The patient should enroll in a clinical trial of a new technology that can do the work of the liver, similar to the way dialysis treats kidney disease. 3. The social worker should look into enrolling the patient in Medicaid, since many states offer expanded coverage. 4. A family meeting should take place in which the details of the patient's poor prognosis are made clear to his family so that they can adopt a palliative approach.
1
You are working on a patient care unit and observe several other nurses who are not following the agency's policy when preparing and administering medications. When you ask them to explain why they are doing this, they state the new medication administration technology installed on the unit takes too much time to use, so they are using workarounds to get their patient medications administered on time. Which is the best action to take first? 1. Discuss the situation with the nursing manager. 2. Call a colleague who works at another institution to talk about the problem. 3. Look for a position on a different nursing unit. 4. Say nothing and begin your work.
1
Which of the following statements indicate that the new nursing graduate understands ways to remain involved professionally? (Select all that apply.) 1. "I am thinking about joining the health committee at my church." 2. "I need to read newspapers, watch news broadcasts, and search the Internet for information related to health." 3. "I will join nursing committees at the hospital after I have completed orientation and better understand the issues affecting nursing." 4. "Nurses do not have very much voice in legislation in Washington, DC, because of the nursing shortage." 5. "I will go back to school as soon as I finish orientation."
1, 2, 3
Which statements properly apply an ethical principle to justify access to health care? (Select all that apply.) 1. Access to health care reflects the commitment of society to principles of beneficence and justice. 2. If low income compromises access to care, respect for autonomy is compromised. 3. Access to health care is a privilege in the United States, not a right. 4. Poor access to affordable health care causes harm that is ethically troubling because nonmaleficence is a basic principle of health care ethics. 5. If a new drug is discovered that cures a disease but at great cost per patient, the principle of justice suggests that the drug should be made available to those who can afford it.
1, 2, 4
Which statements reflect the difficulty that can occur for agreement on a common definition of the word quality when it comes to quality of life? (Select all that apply.) 1. Community values influence definitions of quality, and they are subject to change over time. 2. Individual experiences influence perceptions of quality in different ways, making consensus difficult. 3. The value of elements such as cognitive skills, ability to perform meaningful work, and relationship to family is difficult to quantify using objective measures. 4. Statistical analysis is difficult to apply when the outcome cannot be quantified. 5. Whether a person has a job is an objective measure, but it does not play a role in understanding quality of life.
1, 2, 4
The nurse who works at the local health care agency is transferring a patient to an acute rehabilitation center in another town. To complete the transfer, information from the patient's EHR must be printed and faxed to the acute rehabilitation center. Which of the following actions are appropriate for the nurse to take to maintain privacy and confidentiality of the patient's information when faxing this information? (Select all that apply.) 1. Confirm that the fax number for the acute rehabilitation center is correct before sending the fax. 2. Use the encryption feature on the fax machine to encode the information and make it impossible for staff at the acute rehabilitation center to read the information unless they have the encryption key. 3. Fax the patient's information without a cover sheet so that the person receiving the information at the acute rehabilitation center can identify it more quickly. 4. After sending the fax, place the information that was printed out in a standard trash can after ripping it into several pieces. 5. After sending the fax, place the information that was printed out in a secure canister marked for shredding.
1, 2, 5
Which social media uses can be implemented with patients and families without violating confidentiality? (Select all that apply.) 1. Social media can be used to provide supportive information. 2. Results such as x-ray results can easily be sent via social media. 3. Family and friends who cannot be present can connect with the patient. 4. All health information can be shared on social media. 5. Social media should never be used with patients and families.
1, 3
The ethics of care suggests that ethical dilemmas can best be solved by attention to relationships. How does this differ from other approaches to ethical problems? (Select all that apply.) Ethics of care: 1. pays attention to the context in which caring occurs. 2. is used only by nurses because it is part of the Nursing Code of Ethics. 3. requires understanding the relationships between involved parties. 4. considers the decision maker's relationships with other involved parties. 5. is an approach that suggests a greater commitment to patient care. 6. considers the decision maker to be in a detached position outside the ethical problem.
1, 3, 4
You are a nurse who is working in an agency that has recently implemented an EHR. Which of the following are acceptable practices for maintaining the security and confidentiality of EHR information? (Select all that apply.) 1. Using a strong password and changing your password frequently according to agency policy 2. Allowing a temporary staff member to use your computer username and password to access the electronic record 3. Ensuring that work lists (and any other data that must be printed from the EHR) are protected throughout the shift and disposed of in a locked receptacle designated for documents that are to be shredded when no longer needed 4. Ensuring that the patient information that is displayed on the computer monitor that you are using is not visible to visitors and other health care providers who are not involved in that patient's care 5. Remaining logged into a computer to save time if you only need to step away to administer a medication
1, 3, 4
Which of the following actions, if performed by an RN, could result in both criminal and administrative law sanctions against the nurse? (Select all that apply.) 1. Reviewing the EHR of a family member who is a patient in the same hospital on a different unit 2. Refusing to provide health care information to an older adult's child 3. Reporting suspected abuse and neglect of children 4. Applying physical restraints without a written order 5. Completing an occurrence report on the unit
1, 4
A patient is in skeletal traction and has a plaster cast due to a fractured femur. The patient experiences decreased sensation and a cold feeling in the toes of the affected leg. The nurse observes that the patient's toes have become pale and cold but forgets to document and report this to the health care provider because one of the nurse's other patients experienced cardiac arrest at the same time. Two days later the patient in skeletal traction has an elevated temperature, and he is prepared for surgery to amputate the leg below the knee. Which of the following statements regarding a breach of duty apply to this situation? (Select all that apply.) 1. Failure to document a change in assessment data 2. Failure to provide discharge instructions 3. Failure to provide patient education about cast care 4. Failure to use proper medical equipment ordered for patient monitoring 5. Failure to notify a health care provider about a change in the patient's condition
1, 5
Match the following actions (1 through 4) with the terms (a through d) listed below: ___1. You see an open medical record on the computer and close it so that no one else can read the record without proper access. ___2. You administer a once-a-day cardiac medication at the wrong time, but nobody sees it. However, you contact the provider and your nurse manager and follow agency procedure. ___3. A patient at the end of life wants to go home to die, but the family wants every care possible. The nurse contacts the primary care provider about the patient's request. ___4. You tell your patient that you will return in 30 minutes to give him his next pain medication. a. Advocacy b. Responsibility c. Accountability d. Confidentiality
1d, 2c, 3a, 4b
A nurse contacts the health care provider about a change in a patient's condition and receives several new orders for the patient over the phone. When documenting telephone orders in the EHR, what should the nurse do? 1. Print out a copy of all telephone orders entered into the EHR in order to keep them in personal records for legal purposes. 2. "Read back" all telephone orders to the health care provider over the phone to verify all orders were heard, understood, and transcribed correctly before entering the orders in the EHR. 3. Record telephone orders in the EHR but wait to implement the order(s) until they are electronically signed by the health care provider who gave them. 4. Implement telephone order(s) immediately but insist that the health care provider come to the patient care unit to personally enter the order(s) into the EHR within the next 24 hours.
2
A nurse is planning care for a patient going to surgery. Who is responsible for informing the patient about the surgery along with possible risks, complications, and benefits? 1. Family member 2. Surgeon 3. Nurse 4. Nurse manager
2
The nurse works at an agency where military time is used for documentation and needs to document that a patient was medicated for pain after midnight. Identify the correct military time to document medication administered at 12:05 a.m. 1. 2405 2. 0005 3. 2205 4. 1205
2
When designing a plan for pain management for a patient following surgery, the nurse assesses that the patient's priority is to be as free of pain as possible. The nurse and patient work together to identify a plan to manage the pain. The nurse continually reviews the plan with the patient to ensure that the patient's priority is met. If the nurse's actions are driven by respect for autonomy, what aspect of this scenario best demonstrates this action? 1. Assessing the patient's pain on a numeric scale every 2 hours 2. Asking the patient to establish the goal for pain control 3. Using alternative measures such as distraction or repositioning to relieve the pain 4. Monitoring the patient for oversedation as a side effect of his pain medication
2
A nurse sends a text message to the oncoming nurse that states, "Mr. Kodro in room 3348-1 refused to take his sertraline hydrochloride as ordered this morning because he said he was feeling better." What should the oncoming nurse do? (Select all that apply.) 1. Add this information to the board hanging at the patient's bedside. 2. Tell the nurse who sent the text that the text is a HIPAA violation. 3. Inform the nursing supervisor. 4. Forward the text to the charge nurse. 5. Thank the nurse for sending the information.
2, 3
A home health nurse notices significant bruising on a 2-year-old patient's head, arms, abdomen, and legs. The patient's mother describes the patient's frequent falls. What is the best nursing action for the home health nurse to take? 1. Document her findings and treat the patient. 2. Instruct the mother on safe handling of a 2-year-old child. 3. Contact a child abuse hotline. 4. Discuss this story with a colleague.
3
A nurse received a bedside report at the change of shift with the night-shift nurse and the patient. The nursing student assigned to the patient asks to review the patient's medical record. The nurse lists patients' medical diagnoses on the message boards in the patients' rooms. Later in the day the nurse discusses the plan of care for a patient who is dying with the patient's family. Which of these actions describes a violation of HIPAA? 1. Discussing patient conditions at the bedside at the change of shift 2. Allowing the nursing student to review the assigned patient's chart before providing care during the clinical experience 3. Posting medical information about the patient on a message board in the patient's room 4. Releasing patient information regarding terminal illness to family when the patient has given permission for information to be shared
3
The application of deontology does not always resolve an ethical problem. Which of the following statements best explains one of the limitations of deontology? 1. The emphasis on relationships feels uncomfortable to decision makers who want more structure in deciding the best action. 2. The single focus on power imbalances does not apply to all situations in which ethical problems occur. 3. In a diverse community it can be difficult to find agreement on which principles or rules are most important. 4. The focus on consequences rather than on the "goodness" of an action makes decision makers uncomfortable.
3
The nurse is administering a dose of metoprolol to a patient and is completing the steps of bar-code medication administration within the EHR. As the bar-code information on the medication is scanned, an alert that states, "Do not administer dose if apical heart rate (HR) is <60 beats/min or systolic blood pressure (SBP) is <90 mm Hg" appears on the computer screen. The alert that appeared on the computer screen is an example of what type of system? 1. Electronic health record (EHR) 2. Charting by exception 3. Clinical decision support system (CDSS) 4. Computerized provider order entry (CPOE)
3
When documenting an assessment of a patient's cardiac system in an EHR, the nurse uses the computer mouse to select the "WNL" statement to document the following findings: "Heart sounds S1 & S2 auscultated. Heart rate between 80 and 100 beats/min, and regular. Denies chest pain." This is an example of using which of the following documentation formats? 1. Focus charting incorporating data, action, and response (DAR) 2. Problem-intervention-evaluation (PIE) 3. Charting by exception (CBE) 4. Narrative documentation
3
A man who is homeless enters the emergency department seeking health care. The health care provider indicates that the patient needs to be transferred to the city hospital for care before assessing the patient. This action is most likely a violation of which of the following laws? 1. Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) 2. Americans With Disabilities Act (ADA) 3. Patient Self-Determination Act (PSDA) 4. Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act (EMTALA)
4
A woman has severe life-threatening injuries, is unresponsive, and is hemorrhaging following a car accident. The health care provider ordered 2 units of packed red blood cells to treat the woman's anemia. The woman's husband refuses to allow the nurse to give his wife the blood for religious reasons. What is the nurse's responsibility? 1. Obtain a court order to give the blood. 2. Convince the husband to allow the nurse to give the blood.3. Call security and have the husband removed from the hospital.4. Gather more information about the wife's preferences and determine whether the husband has her power of attorney for health care.
4
The nurse is changing the dressing over the midline incision of a patient who had surgery. Assessment of the incision reveals changes from what was documented by the previous nurse. After documenting the current wound assessment, the nurse contacts the surgeon by telephone to discuss changes in the incision that are of concern. Which of the following illustrates the most appropriate way for the nurse to document this conversation? 1. Health care provider notified about change in assessment of abdominal incision. T. Wright, RN 2. 09-3-21: Notified the surgeon by phone that there is a new area of redness around the patient's incision. T. Wright, RN 3. 1015: Contacted the surgeon and notified about changes in abdominal incision. T. Wright, RN 4. 09-3-21 (1015): Surgeon contacted by phone. Notified about new area of bright red erythema extending approximately 1 inch around circumference of midline abdominal incision and oral temperature of 101.5 F. No orders received. T. Wright, RN
4
The nurse is discussing the advantages of using CPOE with a nursing colleague. Which statement best describes the major advantage of a CPOE system within an EHR? 1. CPOE reduces the time necessary for health care providers to write orders. 2. CPOE reduces the time needed for nurses to communicate with health care providers. 3. Nurses do not need to acknowledge orders entered by CPOE in an EHR. 4. CPOE improves patient safety by reducing transcription errors.
4
The nurse is reviewing health care provider orders that were handwritten on paper when all computers were down during a system upgrade. Which of the following orders contains an inappropriate abbreviation included on TJC's "do not use" list and should be clarified with the health care provider? 1. Change open midline abdominal incision daily using wet-to-moist normal saline and gauze. 2. Lorazepam 0.5 mg PO every 4 hours prn anxiety 3. Morphine sulfate 1 mg IVP every 2 hours prn severe pain 4. Insulin aspart 8u SQ every morning before breakfast
4
The following are steps in the process to help resolve an ethical problem. What is the best order of these steps to achieve resolution? 1. List all the possible actions that could be taken to resolve the problem. 2. Articulate a statement of the problem or dilemma that you are trying to resolve. 3. Develop and implement a plan to address the problem. 4. Gather all relevant information regarding the clinical, social, and spiritual aspects of the problem. 5. Take time to clarify values and identify the ethical elements, such as principles and key relationships involved. 6. Recognize that the problem requires ethics.
6, 4, 5, 2, 1, 3
The nurse is writing a narrative progress note. Identify each of the following statements as subjective data (S) or objective data (O): 1. April 24, 2021 (0900) 2. Repositioned patient on left side. 3. Medicated with hydrocodone-acetaminophen 5/325 mg, 2 tablets PO. 4. "The pain in my incision increases every time I try to turn on my right side." 5. S. Eastman, RN 6. Surgical incision right lower quadrant, 3 inches in length, well approximated, sutures intact, no drainage. 7. Rates pain 7/10 at location of surgical incision.
objective: 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7 subjective: 4
