Number 2 Psychology Set

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hue

Intensity is to brightness as wavelength is to

Sleeptalking may occur during:

any stage of sleep

Milan is upset with his wife because she was over an hour late in picking him up at the airport. He is likely to deal most effectively with his feelings of irritation toward her by telling her:

"im really angry that I had to wait so long for you to get here"

Convergence

(Binocular) The brain calculates the degree of neuromuscular strain what are two eyes turn inward to look at a nearby objects the greater the strain or angle the closer the object

Retinal disparity

(Binocular) The brain computes the relative distance of an object by comparing the slightly different images the object cast on her to rightness. The greater the difference, the closer the object must be.

Interposition

(Monocular) An object that blocks another is closer than the blocked objects

Relative clarity

(Monocular) and hazy object is farther away than object clearly

Light and shadow

(Monocular) nearby objects reflect more light than faraway objects

Relative height

(Monocular) objects higher in our field of vision or farther away

Relative size

(Monocular) smaller is more distant

Texture gradient

(Monocular) when texture changes, coursed distinct objects are close and fine indiscint objects are distant

Relative motion or motion parallax

(Monocular) when you are moving, objects closer than a fixation point appear to move backwards - the near the objects, the faster it moves; objects be on the fixation point appear to move with you

Symptoms of Drug Abstinence (withdrawal)

-(resulting physical signs and symptoms) occur when a drug is terminated usually after prolonged use; or when a specific antagonist is given; the syndrome results in signs and symptoms opposite from the action of the drug; it is highly correlated with dose and duration of use; the signs and symptoms are not usually displayed until at least 12 hours, or longer, after the last dose

Context-Specific Tolerance

-behavioral, learned, or associative—very sensitive to environment or behavioral conditions

Cross Tolerance

-refers to the development of tolerance to one type of drug which results in decreased sensitivity to the effects of another type of drug

Friedman and Rosenman referred to competitive, hard-driving, impatient, and easily angered individuals as _______ personalities

...

axon

...

brain stem; limbic system; cerberal cortex

...

ddd

...

qqq

...

sympathetic/parasympathetic

...

tuy

...

Peterson and Peterson demonstrated that unrehearsed short-term memories for three consonants almost completely decay in as short a time as:

12 seconds

full and clear communication regarding Kelsey's effectiveness as a customer service manager is enhanced by the performance appraisals she periodically receives from fellow managers, subordinates, customers, and her supervisor. This best illustrates the value of:

360-degree feedback

for which of the following distributions of scores would the median most clearly be a more appropriate measure of central tendency than the mean?

6, 18, 4, 5, 2

12 year old Benjy has an IQ of 75 on the original version of the Stanford-Binet. His mental age is:

retinal disparity

A 3-D movie enhances our sense of depth perception by simulating the effects of

Neural Networks

A football quarterback can simultaneously make calculations of receiver distances, player movements, and gravitational forces. This best illustrates the activity of multiple:

Phi phenomenon

A teacher uses distortion goggles, which shifted the Wiers gaze 20°, to demonstrate an altered perception. A student wearing the goggles initially bumped into numerous desks and chairs while walking around but chose to wear the goggles for half an hour. After 30 minutes, the student was able to smoothly avoid obstacles, illustrating the concept of:

Plasticity

A person whose hand had been amputated actually felt sensations on his nonexistent fingers when his face was stroked. This best illustrates the consenquences of

right hand to indicate she saw a mouse

A picture of a cat is briefly flashed in the left visual field and a picture of a mouse is briefly flashed in the right visual field of a split-brain patient. The individual will be able to use her: -(right hand to indicate cat, left hand to indicate mouse, left/right to indicate cat, left/right hand indicate mouse, right to indicate mouse)

below one's absolute threshold for awareness

A subliminal message is one that is presented

REM sleep

After Carlos had been asleep for about an hour and a half, his heart began to beat faster, his breathing became fast and irregular, and his closed and began to dart back and forth. Carlos was most likely experiencing:

With her eyes closed and her nose plugged, Chandra was unable to taste the difference between an onion and a pear. Her experience best illustrates the importance of: A.) Sensory Interaction B.) Sensory Transduction C.) Sensory Adaptation D.) Accommodation E.) Subliminal Stimulation

A.) Sensory Interaction

have very relaxed muscles

After sleeping for about an hour and a half, José enters a phase of paradoxical sleep. He is likely to:

perceptual set

After watching a scary television movie, Julie perceived the noise of the wind rattling her front windows as the sound of a burglar breaking into her house. Her mistaken interpretation best illustrates the influence of

depressant

Alcohol is considered a(n)

Limbic System

Addictive drug cravings are likely to be associated with reward centers in the:

A difference threshold

Aaron is washing her hands adjusts the Fossett handle until the water feels just slightly hotter than it did before. Her adjustment until she feels the difference is example of

Nearer

According to the principle of light and shadow, if one or two identical objects reflects more light to your eyes it will be perceived as:

a relaxed but awake state

Alpha waves are associated with:

absolute threshold

Although Manuel was sitting right next to his parents, he smelled a skunk minutes before they did. Apparently, Manuel has a lower ________ for skunk odor than his parents have

Context effects

Although Sue Yen sees her chemistry professor several times each week, she has difficulty recognizing the professor when she happened to see her in the grocery store. This best illustrates the importance of:

82. During the last few years, 75-year-old Mrs. Yamaguchi has gradually become so mentally disoriented that she can't find her way around her own house and often fails to recognize her husband. It is most likely that Mrs. Yamaguchi is suffering the effects of

Alzheimers disease

a long-tail like structure

An axon is

hypnosis has been associated with quackery, thanks to the false claims made by:

Anton Mesmer

manifest

As Inge recalled her dream, she was dancing with a tall, dark gentleman when suddenly the music shifted to loud rock and the man disappeared. According to Freud. Inge's account represents the ______ content of her dream.

visual cortex

As oxygen deprivation just prior to death turns off the brain's inhibitory cells, neural activity increases in the

perception

As the brain receives information about the lines, angles, and edges of objects in the environment, higher-level cells process and interpret the information to consciously recognize objects. This process best illustrates

sensation

As you look at an apple, its reflected light travels to the eye. The rods and cones absorb the light and help transmit the information to the brain. This process best illustrates

Decreases; increases

As your friend Milo walks towards her, Norco perceives the size as remaining constant because it's perceived distance -- at the same time that her retinal image of him --

REM sleep

At 3 o'clock in the morning, John has already slept for 4 hours. As long as his sleep continues, we can expect an increasing occurrence of:

kinesthesia

Awareness of the position of your arms when you're swimming the backstroke

Texture gradient

Because the flowers in the foreground appear course angry, the tiger for decided that the picture was taken two near the objects. This conclusion was based on which depth cue?

The amplitude of electromagnetic waves determine the _____ of light. A.) Absolute Threshold B.) Brightness C.) Hue D.) Difference Threshold E.) Wavelength

B.) Brightness

Sensation is to ____ as perception is to _____. A.) Encoding; Detection B.) Detection; Interpretation C.) Interpretation; Organization D.) Organization; Accommodation E.) Threshold; Transduction

B.) Detection; Interpretation

Weber's law is relevant to an understanding of: A.) Absolute Thresholds B.) Difference Thresholds C.) Sensory Adaptation D.) Sensory Interaction E.) Parallel Processing

B.) Difference Thresholds

Brightness is to light as ____ is to sound. A.) Pitch B.) Loudness C.) Frequency D.) Amplitude E.) Wavelength

B.) Loudness

Olfactory receptor cells are essential for our sense of: A.) Kinesthesis B.) Smell C.) Touch D.) Hearing E.) Equilibrium

B.) Smell

retina

Bipolar cells are located in the

Grouping

Bringing order in for the stimuli, which illustrates how the whole differs from some of its parts called

51. The part of the left frontal lobe that directs the muscle movements involved in speech is known as:

Brocas area

mental processes.

By 1960, the study of consciousness had been revived by psychologists' renewed interest in:

Some people are better than others at detecting slight variations in the taste of various blends of coffee. This best illustrates the importance of: A.) Sensory Adaptation B.) Subliminal Stimulation C.) Difference Thresholds D.) Parallel Processing E.) The Vestibular Sense

C.) Difference Thresholds

On a cloudy day, a yellow flower is likely to appear ____ it does on a sunny day. A.) Less colorful than B.) Less yellow than C.) Equally as yellow as D.) More yellow than E.) Whiter than

C.) Equally as yellow as

When most people stare at a red square then shift their eyes to a white surface, the afterimage of the square is: A.) Yellow B.) Red C.) Green D.) Blue E.) White

C.) Green

The ability to simultaneously recognize the color, shape, size, and speed of an oncoming automobile best illustrates: A.) Sensory Interaction B.) Kinesthesis C.) Parallel Processing D.) Subliminal Perception E.). Blindsight

C.) Parallel Processing

An exhausted forest ranger may notice the faintest scent of a forest fire, whereas much stronger but less important orders fail to catch her attention. This fact would be of great relevance to: A.) The Young-Helmholtz Theory B.) Opponent-Process Theory C.) Signal Detection Theory D.) Frequency Theory E.) Place Theory

C.) Signal Detection Theory

The semicircular canals are most directly relevant to: A.) Hearing B.) Kinesthesis C.) The vestibular sense D.) Parallel Processing E.) Accommodation

C.) The vestibular sense

The process by which our sensory systems convert stimulus energies into neural messages is called: A.) Priming B.) Sensory Adaptation C.) Transduction D.) Parallel Processing E.) Sensory Interaction

C.) Transduction

psychoactive

Chemical substances that alter perceptions and moods are called ________ drugs.

serial processing; parallel processing

Consciousness is to unconsciousness as ______ is to ______.

our awareness of ourselves and our environment

Consciousness is:

When information that a brief imperceptible message would be flashed repeatedly during a popular TV program, many viewers reported feeling strangely hungry or thirsty during the show. Since the imperceptible message had nothing to do with hunger or thirst, viewers' strange reactions best illustrate: A.) The McGurk Effect B.) Sensory Adaption C.) The Volley Principle D.) A Placebo Effect E.) Accommodation

D.) A Placebo Effect

Cones and rods are to vision as _____ are to audition. A.) Eardrums B.) Cochleas C.) Oval Windows D.) Hair Cells E.) Semicircular Canals

D.) Hair Cells

The light-sensitive inner surface of the eye, containing the rods and cones, is the: A.) Fovea B.) Optic Nerve C.) Cornea D.) Retina E.) Iris

D.) Retina

Kinesthesis refers to the: A.) Quivering eye movements that enable the retina to detect continuous stimulation. B.) Progress by which stimulus energies are changed into neural signals. C.) Diminished sensitivity to an unchanging stimulus. D.) System for sensing the position and movement of muscles, tendons, and joints. E.) Process of organizing and interpreting sensory information.

D.) System for sensing the position and movement of muscles, tendons, and joints.

conduction hearing loss.

Damage to the hammer, anvil, and stirrup is most likely to cause

a good night's sleep

Daniel Kahneman and his colleagues found that the daily moods of working women were most heavily influenced by

Sensory adaptation

David went swimming with his friends who do not want to get in the pool because the water felt cold. David jump in and after a few minutes declared, it was cold when I first got it but now my body is used to it. Come on in! David body became accustomed to the water due to

plasticity

Deaf people whose native language is sign best illustrates:

physical growth

Deep sleep appears to play an important role in

physical growth

Deep sleep appears to play an important role in:

depressants

Drugs such as alcohol and opiates that calm neural activity and slow body functions are called

Which of the following pain control techniques is emphasized in the Lamaze method of childbirth training? A.) Accommodation B.) Acupuncture C.) Subliminal Stimulation D.) Kinesthesis E.) Distraction

E.) Distraction

Sound wave vibrations are transmitted by three tiny bones located in the: A.) Vestibular Sacs B.) Semicircular Canals C.) Inner Ear D.) Cochlea E.) Middle Ear

E.) Middle Ear

The volley principle is most directly relevant to our perception of: A.) Temperature B.) Color C.) Brightness D.) Pain E.) Pitch

E.) Pitch

Accommodation refers to the: A.) Diminishing sensitivity to a nun changing stimulus. B.) System of sensing the position and movement of muscles, tendons, and joints. C.) Quivering eye movements that enable the retina to detect continuous stimulation. D.) Process by which stimulus energies are changed into neural messages. E.) Process by which the lens changes shape in order to focus images on the retina.

E.) Process by which the lens changes shape in order to focus images on the retina.

The detection and encoding of stimulus energies by the nervous system is called: A.) Signal Detection B.) Priming C.) Synaesthesia D.) Accommodation E.) Sensation

E.) Sensation

The cochlear implant would be most helpful for those who suffer: A.) Loss of movement B.) Loss of position C.) Loss of balance D.) Conduction hearing loss E.) Sensorineural hearing loss

E.) Sensorineural hearing loss

News about the supposed effects of briefly presented messages on moviegoers' consumption of popcorn and Coca-Cola involved false claims regarding: A.) Parallel Processing B.) Difference Thresholds C.) Kinesthesis D.) Synaesthesia E.) Subliminal Stimulation

E.) Subliminal Stimulation

If we see a speaker mouthing day while actually hearing may, we may perceive a third syllable bay that blends both inputs. This phenomenon is known as: A.) Prosopagnosia B.) Sensory Adaptation C.) Blindsight D.) Accommodation E.) The McGurk Effect

E.) The McGurk Effect

The fact that the Amazing Randi has never paid off on his claim illustrates that:

ESP phenomena have never been proven to be anything more than chance events or fakery.

Young-Helmholtz

Evidence that some cones are especially sensitive to red light, others to green light, and still others to blue light is most directly supportive of the ________ theory.

Closure

Figures tend to be perceived as a whole, complete objects, even if the spaces are gaps exist and representation, thus demonstrating the principle of:

Sensory interaction

Finding us by is delicious aroma, we are looking meat taste awful, finding that food taste bland when you have a bad cold, finding is difficult to manage your balance when you're having it here infection, finding the cold pool water does not feel so cold after a while

would report a vivid dream if he were awakened during REM sleep

Forty-year-old Lance insits that he never dreams. Research suggest that he probably:

amphetamines

François was dismayed to discover that some of his football teammates were using drugs to enhance their footwork and endurance on the playing field. Which of the following drugs were the players most likely using?

manifest

Freud called the remembered story line of a dream its ________ content.

manifest

Freud called the remembered storyline of a dream its ____ content.

88. Who emphasized that the whole may exceed the sum of its parts?

Gestalt Psychologists

"The whole is greater than the sum of its parts," has been most associated with a:

Gestalt psychologist

Body position

Hairlike receptors in the semicircular

Figure - ground relationships

Hannah and David are the dancing competition. It is easy for the spectators to see them against the dance floor because of

top-down processing

Heather Sellers suffers from prosopagnosia and is unable to recognize her own face in a mirror. Her difficulty stems from a deficiency in

endocrine system

Hormones are the chemical messages of the

How many types of binocular cues are there?

heightened openness to suggestion

Hypnosis involves a state of

absolute threshold for light is likely to increase

If an adult develops cataracts, his or her

Webbers law

If principle states that to be perceived as different, two stimuli must differ by a minimum person rather than a constant amount

brainstem

If your _______ is destroyed, the left side of your brain could not control the movements of your right hand.

Which of the following is true of alcohol?

In large doses, it is a depressant; in small doses, it is a depressant

which of the following is true of alchohol?

In large doses, it is a depressant; in small doses, it is a stimulant.

Corpus Callosum

Information is most quickly transmitted from one cerebral hemisphere to the other by the

Change blindness

Is a form of inattentional blindness

10 year old Vito tells his friend 'when you notice that your knees knock, you hands sweat, and you stomach is in knots, then you get really scared'. this statement best illustrates the:

James-Lange theory

An altered state of consciousness in which people experience fantastic images and often feel separated from their bodies is most closely associated with the use of

LSD

Which of the following is a psychedelic drug?

LSD

hallucinations

LSD is most likely to produce

Wavelength; hue

Light's - - - is the distance from one way peak to the next. This dimension determines the - - - we experience

in order to understand the British newspaper headline 'Income for 62% Is Below Average', it is necessary to appreciate the distinction between the _____ and the mean.

Median

By 1960, the study of consciousness had been revived by psychologists' renewed interest in

Mental processes

sympathetic nervous system

Messages are transmitted from your spinal cord to your digestive system's stomach muscles by the

opiates

Morphine and heroin are

sleep apnea

Mr. Dayton occasionally stops breathing while sleeping. He wakes up to snort air for a few seconds before falling back to sleep. Mrs. Dayton complains that her husband snores. Clearly, Mr. Dayton suffers from

sleep apnea

Mr. Dayton occasionally stops breathing while sleeping. He wales up to snort air for a few seconds before falling back asleep. Mrs. Dayton complains that her husband snores. He clearly suffers from:

marijuana

Mrs. Roberts, who suffers from AIDS, has been given an ordinarily illegal drug at the university hospital. Considering her specific medical condition, it is likely that she has received

blindsight

Ms. Shields, a recent stroke victim, cannot consciously perceive the large book on the coffee table in front of her. Yet, when urged to identify the book, she correctly reads aloud the printed title on the book cover. Her response best illustrates

REM; stage 4

Paradoxical sleep is to slow-wave sleep as ______ sleep is to ________ sleep.

subliminal stimulation

News about the supposed effects of briefly presented messages on people's feelings of being thirsty involved false claims regarding

REM sleep; Stage 4 sleep

Nightmares are to ______ as night terrors are to ______.

Top-down processing

Occurs when experience influences our interpretation of data

selective attention

Ohio State University pedestrians were more likely to cross streets unsafely if they were talking on a cell phone. This best illustrates the impact of

hypothalamus

Olds and Milner located reward centers in the brain structure known as the

figure-ground

One of the ways we perceive images is by organizing stimuli into an object seen against its surroundings. What is this perceptual tendency called?

endorphins

Opiate drugs occupy the same receptor sites as:

Consciousness is

Our awareness of ourselves

the circadian rhythm

Our inability to fall asleep early as we had planned, is most likely a reflection of:

Neural networks

People can simultaneously proces many aspects of sensory information such as color, shape, and size. This best illustrates the functioning of multiple:

The activation-synthesis theory best helps to explain why

People often experience sudden visual images during REM sleep

Similarity

People tend to group similar stimuli together

sensory input

Phantom limb sensations best illustrate that pain can be experienced in the absence of

priming

Photographs of people were rated more positively if the photos immediately followed a briefly flashed image of kittens. This best illustrates the impact of

Number of soundwaves that reach the air any given time (frequency)

Pitch depends on which of the following

48. The capacity of one brain area to take over the functions of another damaged brain area is known as brain:

Plasticity

Even though two figures are identical in size, one looks larger due to the ___ illusion.

Ponzo

The complete set of cases from which samples may be drawn

Population

biological psychology

Professor Seif conducts research on the relationship between the limbic system and sexual motivation. Her research interests best represent the psychological specialty known as

nightmares are to ____ as night terrors are to ____

REM Sleep; Stage 4 sleep

After Carlos had been asleep for about an hour and a half, his heart began to beat faster, his breathing became fast and irregular, and his closed eyes began to dart back and forth. Carlos was most likely experiencing:

REM sleep

At 3 o'clock in the morning, John has already slept for 4 hours. As long as his sleep continues, we can expect an increasing occurrence of

REM sleep

At 3 o'clock in the morning, John has already slept for 4 hours. As long as his sleep continues, we can expect an increasing occurrence of:

REM sleep

Nightmares are to _____ as night terrors are to _____.

REM sleep; Stage 4 sleep

Nightmares are to ________ as night terrors are to ________.

REM sleep; Stage 4 sleep

Paradoxical sleep is to slow-wave sleep as ________ sleep is to ________ sleep.

REM; sleep 4

have inadequate neural connections in her visual cortex

Rebecca was born with cataracts that were not surgically removed until she was 3 years old. As a result, Rebecca is most likely to

Frequency theory

Reflects the notion that picture is related to the number of impulses traveling up the auditory nerve in a unit of time

relative size

Renny knew the red tulip was closer to her than the yellow tulip because the red one cast a larger retinal image than the yellow one. This illustrates the importance of the distance cue known as

enables some people to undergo surgery with only a local anesthesia.

Research has indicated that hypnosis

infants; adults

Research indicates that the percentage of total sleep spent in REM sleep is higher in ________ than in ________.

some people are able to test their state of consciousness while dreaming

Research on dreaming indicates that:

choice blindness

Research participants picked one of two photographed faces as more attractive. When researchers cleverly switched the photos, participants readily explained why they preferred the face they had actually rejected. Their behavior illustrated

Context

Sarah tells her brother to put on a suit on a warm summer day. Sarah's brother knows to put on a swimsuit instead of a business suit because of

detection; interpretation

Sensation is to ________ as perception is to ________.

Kinesthetic

Sensing the position and movement of individual body parts is a good example of which of these

hallucinations

Sensory experiences that occur without a sensory stimulus are called:

manifest

Shane, a straight-A student, remembers dreaming that he failed an important chemistry test. According to Freud, SHane's account represents the ______ content of his dream.

Transduction

What do we call the conversion of stimulus energies, like sights and sounds, and to neural impulses

Sleep apnea

the cessation of breathing during sleep

Sleep apnea is a disorder involving:

any stage of sleep.

Sleep talking may occur during:

effective memory

Slow-wave sleep promotes

heroin

Soon after taking a psychoactive drug, Larisa's breathing slowed, her pupils constricted, and her feelings of anxiety were replaced by blissful pleasure. Larisa most likely experienced the effects of

The brain waves associated with REM sleep are most similar to those of

Stage 1 sleep

Perceptual set

Stereotypes are mental conceptions that can strongly influence the way we interpret the behavior of individuals belonging to a specific racial or ethnic group. A stereotype is most similar to:

Innate

Studies of the visual cliff have provided evidence that much of that perception is:

viral infection

Terry has not had a decent night of sleep in over a week. If this sleep deprivation continues, he will become increasingly susceptible to:

the cocktail party effect

The ability to pay attention to only one voice at a time is called

parallel processing

The ability to simultaneously process the pitch, loudness, melody, and meaning of a song best illustrates

people often experience sudden visual images during REM sleep.

The activation-synthesis theory best helps to explain why

people often experience sudden visual images during REM sleep

The activation-synthesis theory best helps to explain why:

iris

The amount of light entering the eye is regulated by the

brightness

The amplitude of electromagnetic waves determines the ________ of light

the optic nerve

The axons of ganglion cells converge to form

Children who have had a hemiphere surgically removed

The benefits of brain plasticity are most clearly demonstrated in

MRI

The best way to detect enlarged fluid-filled brain regions in some patients who have schizophrenia is to use a(n):

Stage 1 sleep

The brain waves associated with REM sleep are most similar to those of

plasticity

The capacity of one brain area to take over the functions of another damaged brain area is known as brain

Pet Scan

The concentration of glucose in active regions of the brain underlies the usefulness of

minimize sensory adaptation

The constant quivering movements of our eyes enable us to

association areas

The cortical regions that are not directly involved in sensory or motor

action potential

The depolarization of neural membrane can create a(n):

dissociation

The divided-consciousness theory of hypnosis states that hypnosis involves

the opponent-process theory

The fact that people who are colorblind to red and green may still see yellow is most easily explained by

90 minutes

The human sleep cycle repeats itself about every

Simplicity

The idea that people tend to group elements that combined to form a good figure ( goodness is largely a matter of simplicity, asserting that people tend to organize forms in the simplest way possible)

Relative height

The illusion that St. Louis Gateway arch appears taller than it is wide even though it's height and width are equal is based on her sensitivity to which monocular depth Cue

spinal cord

The knee-jerk reflex is controlled by inter neurons in the

narcolepsy

The lack of the neurotransmitter orexin has been linked to

delta waves

The large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep are called:

transduction

The local fire department sounds the 12 o'clock whistle. The process by which your ears convert the sound waves from the siren into neural impulses is an example of

breathing/walking

The medulla is to the control of _______ as the cerebellum is to control of ___________.

Linear perspective

The more two parallel lines converge, the farther away they are

association areas

The most extensive regions of the brain, which enable learning and memory, are called:

action potential

The movement of positively charged ions across the membrane of a neuron can produce a(n):

tolerance

The need to take larger and larger doses of a drug in order to experience its effects is an indication of

seeing/hearing

The occipital lobes are to ________ as the temperable lobes are to _______.

depth perception.

The organization of two-dimensional retinal images into three-dimensional perceptions is called

endocrine system

The ovaries of the females and the testes in males are part of the

Broca's Area

The part of the cerebral cortex that directs the muscle movements involved in speech is known as

Continuity

The principle of reflects peoples tendency to follow in whatever direction they are lead. Thus, people tend to connect points that result in straight or gentle curved lines that create smooth paths

Weber's law

The principle that two stimuli must differ by a constant proportion for their difference to be perceived is known as

association area

The region of your cerebral cortex that enables you to recognize a person as your own mother is:

Ecstasy

The release of stored serotonin and the eventual damage of serotonin-producing neurons is most closely associated with the long-term use of

behaviorism

The school of thought in psychology that systematically avoided the study of consciousness during the first half of the last century was:

touch

The sensory cortex is most critical for our sense of

Myelin sheath

The slowdown of neural communication in multiple sclerosis involves a degeneration of the:

synapse

The spatial conjunctions where impulses are chemically transmitted from one neuron to another are called:

Interpret sensory stimuli

The study of perception is primarily concerned with how we:

visual perception

The surgical removal of a large tumor from Dan's occipital lobe resulted in extensive loss of brain tissue. Dane is most likely to suffer some loss of:

Continuity

The tendency to organize stimuli into smooth, uninterrupted patterns is called:

The middle ear

The three small bones of the ear located in

Retinal disparity

The view of Olivia's left eye is slightly different than the view from her right eye. This is due to which depth cue?

Which of the following is true of psychics who have worked with police departments in an effort to solve difficult crimes?

They have reported visions that are no more accurate than guesses.

Proximity

Things that are near one another belong together

age regression.

Twenty-eight-year-old Theodore has an irrational fear of dogs. His therapist hypnotizes him and asks him to mentally relive his earliest childhood experience with a dog. The therapist is making use of

rods are more light-sensitive than cones

Under very dim levels of illumination

biopsychosocial

Understanding hypnosis in terms of focused attention, distinctive brain activity, and the presence of an authoritative presence in a legitimate context, requires an integrated ________ approach.

Giulio's bag of marbles is twice as heavy as Jim's. If it takes 5 extra marbles to make Jim's bag feel heavier, it will take 10 extra marbles to make Giulio's bag feel heavier. This best illustrates:

Weber's law

Perceptual set

What do we call the mental disposition that influences our interpretation of stimulus

Feature detectors

What do we call the specialize neurons in the optical lobes visual cortex that respond to particular edges, lines, angles, and movement

Cornea

What do you call the transparent, protective layer that light passes through as it was the I

Biological maturation, the context in which stimuli are perceived, expectations

What influences perception?

Conduction

What type of hearing loss is due to damage to the mechanism that transmits soundwaves to the Cochlea

change blindness

When Jason briefly turned to summon the waiter, his wife quickly switched her glass of red wine with his glass of white wine. Jason's failure to notice that his chosen wine had been replaced best illustrates

methamphetamine

When cocaine is injected or smoked, it produces a rush of euphoria that lasts 15 to 30 minutes. But the stimulant drug ________ can trigger 8 hours or so of heightened energy and euphoria.

melatonin

When light strikes the retina, it signals the suprachiasmatic nucleus to alter ________ production by the pineal gland.

muscular paralysis

When the release of ACh is blocked, the result is

signal detection theory

When you are expecting an incoming text message, you are much more likely to notice it the second it arrives. This best illustrates

rods and cones

Which cells for visual processing are located closest to the back of the retina?

Herrings opponent process theory

Which of the following explains reversed - color after images?

Drink a glass of wine 15 minutes before bedtime

Which of the following is bad advice for a person trying to overcome insomnia?

Surprise at hearing and Oklahoma cowboy speak with a British accent

Which of the following is produced by perceptual

cornea, iris, pupil, lens, retina

Which of the following is the correct order of structures light passes through in the eye?

feature detectors

Which of the following types of cells are located in the brain's occipital lobe?

dilation of the pupil

Which process allows more light to reach the periphery of the retina?

cones

Which receptor cells most directly enable us to distinguish different wavelengths of light?

reticular formation

Which region of your brainstem plays a role in arousing you to a state of alertness when someone nearby mentions your name?

frequency theory

Which theory best explains how we perceive low-pitched sounds?

signal detection theory

Which theory emphasizes that personal expectations and motivations influence the level of absolute thresholds?

Closure

You may complete figures that I actually have gaps and then because people often group elements to create a sense of completeness

selective attention

You typically fail to consciously perceive that your own nose is in your line of vision. This best illustrates

Perceptual schemas

Young children tend to draw human figures in a rather unrealistic way. This reflects there:

Thalamus

Your ability to experience the physical pleasure of a hot shower is most likely to be disrupted by damaged to your:

Short wavelength, large amplitude

Your best friend decides to paint a room and extremely bright blue. Which of the following best fits the physical properties of the colors lightwaves

cerebral cortex

Your conscious awareness of your own name and self-identity depends primarily on the normal functioning of your:

Size constancy

Your friend tosses you a frisbee. You know that is getting closer instead of larger because of:

Medulla

Your life would be most immediately threatened if you suffered destruction of the

Sierra, a 28-year-old heroin addict, is pregnant. Her baby will be born:

a heroin addict

Circadian rhythm

a pattern of biological functioning that occurs on a roughly 24-hour cycle

Drug Dependence

a person's use of drugs has led to the user experiencing uncontrollable and unpleasant mood states that in turn lead the user to use the drug compulsively despite the adverse consequences

When informed that a brief imperceptible message would be flashed repeatedly during a popular TV program, many viewers reported feeling strangely hungry or thirsty during the show. Since the imperceptible message had nothing to do with hunger or thirst, viewers' strange reactions best illustrate:

a placebo effect

a placebo effect.

Alpha waves are associated with:

a relaxed but awake state

alpha waves are associated with:

a relaxed but awake state

kids choose peers who share their own attitudes and interests as their friends. This best illustrates;

a selection effect

79. Fluid intelligence refers most directly to a person's

ability to reason speedily abstractly

Although Manuel was sitting right next to his parents, he smelled a skunk minutes before they did. Apparently, Manuel has a lower ________ for skunk odor than his parents have.

absolute threshold

although Manuel was sitting right next to his parents, he smelled a skunk minutes before they did. Apparently, Manuel has a lower _______ for skunk odor than his parents.

absolute threshold

adjusting current schemas to make sense of new information is called:

accommodation

crystallized intelligence refers most directly to a person's:

accumulated knowledge and verbal skills

tests designed to assess what a person has learned are called _____ tests.

achievement

researchers condition a flatworm to contract its body to a light by repeatedly pairing the light with electric shock. The stage in which the flatworm's contraction response to light is established and gradually strengthened is called:

acquisition

50. A brief electrical charge that travels down the axon of a neuron is called the:

action potential

the depolarization of a neural membrane can create a(n):

action potential

cultural diversity best illustrates our:

adaptive capacities

With respect to the controversy regarding reports of repressed memories of sexual abuse, statements by major psychological and psychiatric associations suggest that:

adult memories of experiences happening before age 3 are unreliable.

28 year old Theodore has an irrational fear of dogs. His therapists hypnotizes him and asks him to mentally relive his earliest childhood experience with a dog. The therapist is making use of:

age regression

Under hypnosis, Mrs. Mohammed is encouraged by her therapist to vividly experience and describe the details of an argument she had with her father when she was a child. The therapist is employing a technique called:

age regression

23. Social norms have been found to:

all of the above -Facilitates smooth social interaction -vary from 1 culture to another - Free people from uncertainly a lot how the should behave

45. Increasing the intensity of a stimulus above the threshold will not similarly increase the intensity of a neural response to that stimulus. This highlights the nature of the:

all-or-none response

Brightness is to light as ________ is to sound.

amplitude

43. In Psychology, "behavior" is defined as:

any action that can be seen and rewarded

the belief that weather conditions signal the onset of arthritis pain best illustrates:

an illusory correlation

it is characteristic of robins to build nests. This is an example of:

an instinct

The phenomenon of color constancy best demonstrates that:

an object's perceived color is influenced by its surrounding objects.

researchers have discovered that 'cyber-ostracism' by strangers elicits increased activity in the:

anterior cingulated cortex

3. Although identical twins have been shown to have some amazing psychological similarities, one should be cautious about attributing these similarities to genetic factors because:

any 2 strangers are likely to share a string of coincidental similarites

Although identical twins have been shown to have some amazing psychological similarities, one should be cautious about attributing these similarities to genetic factors because:

any two strangers are likely to share a string of coincidental similarities.

a test of your capacity to learn to be an automobile mechanic would be considered a ___ test.

aptitude

Human factors psychologists may use a technique called, "natural mapping," which is:

arranging controls to make them easier to understand

54. The process of anticipating that you will be punished for misbehaving takes place within the: (association area) all that part of the brain not controlling muscles or noticing sensation

association areas

62. The portions of the brain not directly related to sensory or motor function are known as

association areas

the cortical regions that are not directly involved in sensory or motor functions are known as

association areas

74. Foster care that moves a young child through a series of foster families is most likely to result in the disruption of

attatchment

many people overestimate how long they actually remain awake during restless nights because their moments of wakefulness are easier to recall than their moments of sleep. This best illustrates the impact of:

availability heuristic

the part of a neuron that transmits neural messages to other neurons or to muscles or glands is called:

axon

Sheila is more fearful of loneliness than of remaining in a physically abusive relationship with her boyfriend. This best illustrates the potentially harmful impact of ___ needs

belongingness

the earliest stage of speech development is called the ____ stage

babbling

40. Contemporary psychology is best defined as the science of:

behavior & mental processes

professor Seif conducts research on the relationship between the limbic system and sexual motivation. Her research interests best represent the psychological specialty known as:

behaviorism

encouraging people to elaborate on why their own personal views on an issue are correct is most likely to promote:

belief perseverance

the value of generating positive first impressions in your initial interactions with a new employer is best underscored by the research on:

belief perseverance

it is easier to train a dog to bark for food rather than to train it to stand on its hind legs for food. This best illustrates the importance of ____ in learning.

biological predisposition

Those who emphasize that mood fluctuations may be indicative of seasonal affective disorder are highlighting the importance of:

biological rhythms

research on nonverbal communication indicates that:

blind children who have never observed others demonstrate normal facial expressions of emotion

The area of the retina where the optic nerve leaves the eye is called the:

blind spot

blindsight

55. Endocrine glands secrete hormones directly into:

bloodstream

the sequence of brain regions from the evolutionary oldest to newest is:

brainstem, limbic system, cerebral cortex

a tv producer believes that violent tv programs provide viewers an opportunity to reduce their own anger through fantasy. The producer appears to accept:

catharsis hypothesis

While a student provided directions to a construction worker, two experimenters rudely interrupted by passing between them carrying a door. The student's failure to notice that the construction worker was replaced by a different person during this interruption illustrates:

change blindness

22. The threadlike structures that contain genes are called:

chromosomes

the threadlike structures that contain genes are called:

chromosomes

the letters Y M O M R E are presented. Jill remembers them by rearranging them to spell the word M E M O R Y. This provides an illustration of:

chunking

the use of acronyms to improve one's memory of unfamiliar material best illustrates the value of:

chunking

research on taste aversion in rats led to the discovery that suppression of the immune system can be influenced by:

classical conditioning

Because of motion parallax, when you are moving and fixate on something in the distance:

closer objects appear to be moving in the opposite direction

The perceptual tendency to fill in gaps in order to perceive disconnected parts as a whole object is called:

closure

A brief 15- to 30-minute rush of euphoria followed by a crash of agitated depression is most closely associated with the use of:

cocaine

97. The coiled, fluid-filled tube in which sound waves trigger nerve impulses is called the:

cochlea

the coiled, fluid-filled tube in which sound waves trigger nerve impulses

cochlea

the predictability rather than the frequency of CS-US associations appears to be crucial for classical conditioning. This highlights the importance of ____ in conditioning.

cognitive processes

Professor Thompson's research focuses on the impact of prototype on the speed of object recognition and identification. Which specialty area does this research best represent?

cognitive psychology

when Mr. Thompson lived overseas for a year, he was very surprised at how much respect he received from people simply because he was an elderly person. His sense of surprise suggests that he had not previously lived in a culture characterized by:

collectivism

slender women are considered especially beautiful in one country; in another country, stout women are seen as particularly attractive. In both countries, however, women perceived as very beautiful receive preferential treatment. This best illustrates that ______ often underlie cultural differences.

common psychological processes

111. A cochlear implant would be most helpful for those who suffer:

conduction

76. Five-year-old Tammy mistakenly believes that her short, wide glass contains less soda than her brother's tall, narrow glass. Actually, both glasses contain the same amount of soda. This illustrates that Tammy lacks the concept of

conservation

Dave was listening to sad music when he heard the word, "morning," which he mistook for, "mourning." He was influenced by:

context effect

It wasn't until Clara heard some of her classmates laughing loudly during history class that she began to perceive the professor's ongoing lecture to be very funny. This provides an illustration of:

context effects

When Helen noticed that her classmates were all wearing expensive designer jeans, she suddenly perceived her own offbrand jeans to be very unattractive. This best illustrates the importance of:

context effects

numerous pedestrians calmly walked past an elderly gentleman lying on a city sidewalk without showing any concern. As a consequence, other passersby failed to perceive that the man was in need of immediate medical assistance. This best illustrates the importance of:

context effects

the perceived lightness of an object depends on relative luminance. This provides an illustration of:

context effects

The tendency to see all the individual spokes in a bicycle wheel as part of a larger single unit best illustrates the principle of:

continuity

We see this as two figures together rather than as many curved and straight lines because of the rule of:

continuity

The perception of the letter "t" as two intersecting lines rather than as four nonintersecting lines illustrates the principle of:

continuity.

in an experiment designed to study the effectiveness of a new drug, research participants who receive a placebo are participating in the ____ condition

control

All of the following are monocular cues of depth perception except: A) motion parallax. B) linear perspective. C) convergence. D) relative height. E) texture gradient.

convergence

information is most quickly transmitted from one cerebral hemisphere to the other by the:

corpus callosum

split-brain patients have had their _____ cut

corpus callosum

robert sternberg distinguished among analytical practical, and ____ intelligence

creative

The Müller-Lyer illusion is caused by:

cultural experience

Drug Tolerance

decreased susceptibility (same as decreased response) to a given amount of a drug as a result of previous exposure

habituation refers to the:

decreasing responsiveness to a stimulus to which one is repeatedly exposed

4. Jason was born with cataracts in both eyes. Even though they were removed when he was 5, his lack of visual experiences during early childhood makes it likely that he has experienced:

degeneration of neural connection in visual receptor areas of the brain

Plato's belief that death involves the separation of the mind from the body is known as:

delta waves

The large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep are called:

delta waves

The organization of two-dimensional retinal images into three-dimensional perceptions is called:

depth perception

The visual cliff is a laboratory device for testing ________ in infants.

depth perception

Relative Clarity helps us to determine ___ because:

depth; distant objects appear hazy

113. Weber's law is relevant to an understanding of:

difference thresholds

Weber's law is relevant to an understanding of:

difference thresholds

Sensory adaptation

diminishing sensitivity to an unchanging stimulus

a correlation coefficient is a measure of the:

direction and strength of the relationship between two variables

increased activity in the right prefrontal cortex is to _____ as increased activity in the left frontal lobe is to ____

disgust; joy

The divided-consciousness theory of hypnosis states that hypnosis involves:

dissociation

85. The perceived size of an object is most strongly influenced by that object's perceived

distance

112. If Jared watches a nurse give him an injection, he experiences more pain than if he closes his eyes during the procedure and thinks about his favorite food. This illustrates the value of ________ for pain control.

distraction

smokers and nonsmokers have been found to differ in a gene that influences responses to:

dopamine

One theory suggests that the brain activity associated with ________ is helpful for developing and preserving neural pathways in the brain.

dreaming

Three hours after going to sleep, Shoshanna's heart rate increases, her breathing becomes more rapid, and her eyes move rapidly under her closed lids. Research suggests that Shoshanna is:

dreaming

for a thirsty person, drinking water serves to reduce:

drive

Plato's belief that death involves the separation of the mind from the body is known as:

dualism

The belief that death involves the liberation of the soul from a bodily prison illustrates:

dualism

By 1960, the study of consciousness had been revived by psychologists' renewed interest in:

mental processes

For a moment after hearing his dog's high-pitched bark, Mr. Silvers has a vivid auditory impression of the dog's yelp. His experience most clearly illustrates _____ memory

echoic

Which of the following is an amphetamine derivative that acts as a mild hallucinogen?

ecstasy

Although Mr. Tong was obviously busy reading an absorbing novel, his 5-year-old daughter kept interrupting him with comments and questions about the TV cartoons she was watching. Before Mr. Tong becomes irritated with his daughter for being inconsiderate, he should be alerted to Piaget's concept of:

egocentrism

20. An infant's temperament refers most directly to its:

emotional excitability

the ability to control one's impulses and delay immediate pleasures in pursuit of long term goals is most clearly a characteristic of:

emotional intelligence

our inability to remember information presented in the seconds just before we fall asleep is most likely due to:

encoding failure

57. Hormones are the chemical messengers of the:

endocrine system

opiate drugs occupy the same receptor sites as:

endorphins

in order to exercise maximum control over the factors they are interested in studying, researchers engage in:

experimentation

58. Neurosurgeons have severed the corpus callosum in human patients in order to reduce:

eplieptic seizure

31. Professor Smith believes that most women prefer tall and physically strong partners because this preference enhanced the survival of our ancestors' genes. This viewpoint best illustrates the_______________ perspective.

evolutionary

Professor Assad suggested that a cautious attitude toward sexual encounters has proven to be more reproductively advantageous to women than to men because the birth process is time-consuming. This suggestion best illustrates the logic of a(n) ____ theory of sexual behavior?

evolutionary

The false consensus effect refers to the tendency to:

exaggerate the extent to which others agree with us

26. The hindsight bias refers to people's tendency to:

exaggerate their ability to have foreseen the outcome of past events

the hindsight bias refers to people's tendency to:

exaggerate their ability to have foreseen the outcome of past events

Binet and Terman would have been most likely to disagree about the:

extent to which intelligence is determined by heredity

According to B.F. Skinner, human behavior is controlled primarily by:

external influences

Clairvoyance

extrasensory perception of events that occur at places remote to the perceiver

Telepathy

extrasensory transmission of thoughts from one mind to another

the most unambiguous nonverbal clue to our specific emotional state is provided by our:

facial muscles

32. Psychological differences between the genders are:

far outweighed by gender similarities

If we assume that two objects are similar in size, the one that casts the smaller retinal image is assumed to be:

farther away

87. One of the ways we perceive images is by organizing stimuli into an object seen against its surroundings. What is this perceptual tendency called?

figure ground

91. The cocktail party effect is your ability to selectively attend to one voice among many. This ability also illustrates the Gestalt principle of

figure ground

We sometimes reverse images because of changes in the relationship of:

figure-ground

A floating sea vessel is to the ocean water as ________ is to ________.

figure; ground

the inability to take a new perspective on a problem is called:

fixation

A completely focused state of consciousness resulting from optimal engagement of one's skills is called:

flow

cochlea

fluid-filled tube in which sound waves trigger nerve impulses

fourteen-year-old Lisa was asked, "what would happen if everyone in the world suddenly went blind?" she responded, "those who had been previously blind would become leaders." Lisa's answer indicates she is in the _____ stage of development

formal operational

consumers respond more positively to ground beef advertised as 75% fat free rather than 25% fat. this illustrates that the consumer reactions are influenced by:

framing

on monday, the meteorologist forecast a 20 percent chance of rain, so Sheryl took her umbrella to work. On Friday, he reported an 80 percent chance that it wouldn't rain, so Sheryl left her umbrella home. Sheryl's behavior illustrates the impact of:

framing effect

the tendency to think of objects only in terms of their normal uses is called?

functional fixedness

visual information is processed by:

ganglion cells before it is processed by feature detectors

Visual information is processed by:

ganglion cells before it is processed by feature detectors.

78. The tendency to classify various occupations as masculine or feminine has often led men and women to limit themselves to an unnecessarily restricted range of career options. This best illustrates the impact of

gender schemas

15. Six-year-old Jennifer believes that men become doctors and women become nurses. Clearly, Jennifer is already acquiring a knowledge of traditional:

gender schemes

children's tendency to classify toys and songs as either masculine or feminine is most likely to facilitate the process of:

gender-typing

Toddlers taught to fear speeding cars may also begin to fear speeding trucks and motorcycles. This best illustrates:

generalization

the tendency for a CR to be evoked by stimuli similar to the CS is called:

generalization

research on left-handedness suggests that:

genes or prenatal factors play a role in handedness

Who emphasized that the whole may exceed the sum of its parts?

gestalt psychologists

6. Evolutionary psychologists attribute gender differences in attitudes toward casual sex to the fact that men have ________ than do women.

greater reproductive potential

102. When most people stare at a red square and then shift their eyes to a white surface, the afterimage of the square is:

green

When most people stare at a red square and then shift their eyes to a white surface, the afterimage of the square is:

green

when most people stare at a red square and then shift their eyes to a white surface, the afterimage square is:

green

According to the opponentprocess theory, cells that are stimulated by exposure to:

green light are inhibited by exposure to red light.

Perceptual adaptation refers to the:

grouping of stimuli into smooth, uninterrupted patterns.

Killing one person in order to save five by throwing a switch that diverts a runaway trolley is judged as more morally acceptable than killing one person in order to save five by pushing a stranger directly into the path of the oncoming trolley. This best illustrates that moral judgments may reflect:

gut-level intuitions

in order to test whether newborns can visually discriminate between various shapes and colors, psychologists have made use of the process of:

habituation

the best evidence that 4 month old infants possess visual memory capabilities comes from research on:

habituation

Cones and rods are to vision as ________ are to audition.

hair cells

LSD is most likely to produce:

hallucinations

Sensory experiences that occur without a sensory stimulus are called:

hallucinations

typically occur during Stage 4 sleep.

hallucinations

96. Rebecca was born with cataracts that were not surgically removed until she was 3 years old. As a result, Rebecca is most likely to

have inadequate neural connections in her visual cortex

After sleeping for about an hour and a half, José enters a phase of paradoxical sleep. He is likely to:

have very relaxed muscles

Gender differences in heritable personality traits cannot necessarily be attributed to male-female genetic differences because:

heritable traits can be influenced by social environments.

the average difference in intellectual aptitude scores of white and black college graduates has been observed to be the greatest when these individuals are:

high school juniors

7. Those who suggest that our choices today shape tomorrow's possibilities are emphasizing the importance of:

human responsibility

29. Carl Rogers and Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow are associated with _________ psychology

humanistic

Advocates of the social influence theory of hypnosis are likely to argue that:

hypnotized people are simply enacting the role of good hypnotic subjects.

65. Olds and Milner located "pleasure centers" in the brain structure known as the:

hypothalamus

by presenting research participants with three rows of three letters each for only a fraction of second, Sperling demonstrated that people have ____ memory.

iconic

according to Erikson, committing oneself to meaningful social roles would be most indicative of the acheivement of:

identity

36. Karen dreamed that a handsome young man she had met the previous day asked her for a date. When he actually did call for a date several days later, Karen concluded that dreams accurately predict future events. Her belief best illustrates:

illusory correlation

logan is an unsuccessful businessman who feels little satisfaction with life. In order to increase his subjective wellbeing, logan should:

imagine what his life might be like if he were suffering from a fatal disease

in one experiment, most of the participants who viewed a videotape of men tossing a basketball remained unaware of an umbrella-toting woman sauntering across the screen. This illustrates:

inattentional blindness

the influence of personal and cultural experience on our wants and desires can more clearly be seen in the influence of ____ on motivation

incentives

One of the immediate effects of Ecstasy is

increased appetite

by insisting that humans are 'nothing but' products of nature and nurture, we run the greatest risk of undermining:

individual responsibility

babies who are unable to predict how their parents will react to their cries for care and attention are especially likely to show signs of:

insecure attachment

70. Abner, a 70-year-old retired teacher, feels that his life has not been of any real value or significance. According to Erikson, Abner has failed to achieve a sense of

integrity

13. The unique temperaments of children evoke predictable responses from their caregivers. This best illustrates the ________ of nature and nurture.

interaction

have always responded so positively to Alyssa's good looks that she has developed a socially confident and outgoing personality. This best illustrates the:

interaction of nature and nurture

which of the following is a cue used by artists to convey depth on a flat canvas?

interposition

using rewards to bribe people to engage in an activity they already enjoy is most likely to inhibit:

intrinsic motivation

69. The best predictor of a couple's marital satisfaction is the

is the ratio of their positive and negative interactions with each other

We perceive the moon on the horizon as being larger than when it is overhead because:

it seems farther away on the horizon

Nikolaus, a high school junior, is on both the track and golf team. How will a high level of physiological arousal affect his running the 100-meter dash and his accuracy in making long putts in a golf game?

it will enhance his running and will interfere with his putting

109. With her eyes closed, Sierra can accurately touch her mouth, nose, and chin with her index finger. Sierra's accuracy illustrates the importance of:

kinesthesis

59. Severing a cat's reticular formation from higher brain regions causes the cat to:

lapse into a coma

Kamil, a 33 year old lawyer, experiences premature ejaculation. Research suggests that his disorder can be minimized by:

learning ways to control his urge to ejaculate.

compared to identical twins, fraternal twins are:

less likely to be the same sex and less likely to be similar in extraversion

compared to gay men, lesbian women are?

less likely to engage in promiscuous sex and more likely to enter into a committed long-term love relationship.

42. Seven members of a Girl Scout troop report the following individual earnings from their sale of candy: $4, $1, $7, $6, $8, $2, and $7. In this distribution of individual earnings, the mean is ________ the mode and ________ the median.

less,less

18. Evolutionary psychologists suggest that when compared to women, men are ________ concerned with maintaining a youthful appearance and ________ concerned with achieving social power.

less,more

A floating sea vessel is to the ocean water as ________ is to ________.

light and shadow; relative height

83. The convergence of parallel lines provides the distance cue known as

linear perspective

The convergence of parallel lines provides the distance cue known as:

linear perspective

The apparent narrowing of a river as it flows directly away from you into the distance best illustrates the depth cue known as:

linear perspective.

110. Cocking your head would be most useful for detecting the ______ of a sound

location

Cocking your head would be most useful for detecting the ______ of a sound.

location

after hamsters learned whether to turn right or left in a maze in order to find food, their body temperature was lowered until the electrical activity in their brains ceased. When the hamsters were revived, they still remembered what they had learned before the 'blackout'. The hamsters' directional memory was apparently a ____ memory

long-term

Psychics who claim to be clairvoyant are able to:

make many guesses, some of which may be true

As Inge recalled her dream, she was dancing with a tall, dark gentleman when suddenly the music shifted to loud rock and the man disappeared. According to Freud, Inge's account represents the ________ content of her dream.

manifest

Freud called the remembered story line of a dream its _____ content.

manifest

Freud called the remembered story line of a dream its ________ content.

manifest

THC, the active ingredient in _____, is classified as a _____.

marijuana; hallucinogen

THC, the active ingredient in ________, is classified as a ________.

marijuana; hallucinogen

Biological growth processes that are relatively uninfluenced by experience and that enable orderly changes in behavior are referred to as:

maturation

the first ejaculation is to an adolescent boy as _____ is to an adolescent girl

menarche

by 1960, the study of consciousness had been revived by psychologists' renewed interest in:

mental processes

sound wave vibrations are transmitted by three tiny bones located in the:

middle ear

Bandura's experiments indicate that _____ is important in the process of learning.

modeling

Jeremy wears his baseball cap backwards because he noticed his older brother does so. This illustrates the importance of:

modeling

the tendency for children to imitate behaviors seen on tv best illustrates the importance of:

modeling

in the words 'lightly', 'shortly' and 'neatly', the 'ly' ending is a:

morpheme

the smallest speech units that carry meaning are called:

morphemes

when male and female students research assistants at FSU sexually propositioned an attractive person of the opposite sex, their invitations were accepted by:

most men but virtually no women

When watching a movie, we see the actors as moving because:

motion is constructed in our heads

a random error in gene replication is known as a:

mutation

53. The speed at which a neural impulse travels is increased when the axon is encased by a(n):

myelin sheath

Which of the following sleep disorders would be the most incapacitating for a commercial bus driver?

narcolepsy

11. If a genetically based attraction to beautiful people contributes to survival, that trait will likely be passed on to subsequent generations. This best illustrates:

natural selection

if a genetically based attraction to beautiful people contributes to survival, that trait will likely be passed on to subsequent generations. This best illustrates:

natural selection

27. Psychologists who carefully watch the behavior of chimpanzees in the jungle without interacting with them are using a research method known as:

naturalistic observation

maturation is to education as _____ is to ______

nature; nurture

lack of body fluids is to cold water as ____ is to ____

need;incentive

47. The strengthening of synaptic connections facilitates the formation of

neural networks

people can simultaneously process many aspects of sensory information such as color, shape, and size. This best illustrates the functioning of multiple:

neural networks

the strengthening of synaptic connections facilitates the formation of:

neural networks

44. Dendrites are branching extensions of:

neurons

37. Professor Evans believes that severe depression results primarily from an imbalanced diet and abnormal blood chemistry. Professor Evans favors a ________ perspective on depression.

neurosclence

Which of the following drugs is classified as a stimulant?

nicotine

25. Coile and Miller's analysis of animal research published during a 5-year period in American Psychological Association journals revealed that psychologists treated animals by...:

none of the above

during a state of emotional arousal, the adrenal glands release ____ into the bloodstream

norepinephrine

a bell-shaped curve that characterizes a large sample of intelligence test scoresis a graphic representation of:

normal distribution

39. When you read a bar graph, it is most important for you to:

note the range size of the scale values

rats easily learn to associate nausea-producing radiation treatments with:

novel tastes

14. Genes are composed of:

nucleotides

in experiments with adult monkeys who were fearful of snakes and their offspring who were not, Susan Mineka discovered that the younger monkeys developed a fear of snakes through the process of

observational learning

without any explicit training from adults, many 8 year old children know how to turn the ignition key in order to start their parent's cars. This best illustrates the importance of:

observational learning

Unconscious information processing is more likely than conscious processing to:

occur simultaneously on several parallel dimensions

unconscious information processing is more likely than conscious processing to:

occur simultaneously on several parallel dimensions

Unconscious information processing is more likely than conscious processing to:

occur simultaneously on several parallel dimensions.

Research indicates that memories retrieved during hypnosis are:

often a combination of fact and fiction.

Which of the following would play a role in quickly alerting you to a gas leak in your home?

olfactory receptors

at 17 months of age, Julie says 'wada' whenever she wants a drink of water. Julie is most likely in the ____ stage of language development.

one-word

at the age of 15 months, Anita repeatedly cried "hoy" when she wants her mother to hold her.Anita is most likely in the ______ stage of language development.

one-word

compared with apartment dwellers whose landlords pay their electricity costs, those apartment dwellers who pay their own electric bills use less electricity. This most clearly illustrates that consumer electricity usage is influenced by:

operant conditioning

seals in an aquarium will repeat behaviors, such as slapping and barking, that prompt people to toss them a herring. This best illlustrates:

operant conditioning

Morphine ad heroin are

opiates

A gestalt is best described as a(n):

organized whole

Consciousness is:

our awareness of ourselves and our environment

consciousness is

our awareness of ourselves and our environment.

33. Jamie and Lynn were sure that they had answered most of the multiple-choice questions correctly because "they simply required common sense." However, they each received a 60% on the exam. This best illustrates:

overconfidence

although steve was certain that he answered between 70 and 80 items correctly on his biology test, he actually was right on only 55. Steve's misjudgment of his test performance illustrates:

overconfidence

104. The human ability to speedily recognize familiar objects best illustrates the value of:

parallel process

107. The ability to simultaneously recognize the color, shape, size, and speed of an oncoming automobile best illustrates:

parallel processing

The ability to simultaneously recognize the color, shape, size, and speed of an oncoming automobile best illustrates:

parallel processing

The activation-synthesis theory best helps to explain why:

people often experience sudden visual images during REM sleep

The activation-synthesis theory best helps to explain why:

people often experience sudden visual images during REM sleep.

114. Damage to the temporal lobe region of the brain essential for facial recognition produces a loss of

perception

Damage to the temporal lobe region of the brain essential for facial recognition produces a loss of:

perception

damage to the temporal lobe region of the brain essential for facial recognition produces a loss of:

perception

93. ESP refers to

perception that occurs apart from sensory input

ESP

perception that occurs apart from sensory input

89. Although he was wearing a pair of glasses that shifted the apparent location of objects 20 degrees to his right, Lars was still able to play tennis very effectively. This best illustrates the value of

perceptual adaptation

the impact of experience on perception is most clearly illustrated by:

perceptual adaptation

The impact of experience on perception is most clearly illustrated by:

perceptual adaption

86. After watching a scary television movie, Julie perceived the noise of the wind rattling her front windows as the sound of a burglar breaking into her house. Her mistaken interpretation best illustrates the influence of

perceptual set

92. Stereotypes are mental conceptions that can strongly influence the way we interpret the behaviors of individuals belonging to specific racial or ethnic groups. A stereotype is most similar to

perceptual set

Stereotypes are mental conceptions that can strongly influence the way we interpret the behaviors of individuals belonging to specific racial or ethnic groups. A stereotype is most similar to a:

perceptual set

When we expect to see something because of prior learning experiences, such as seeing clouds as UFO's, it is because of:

perceptual set

after watching a scary tv movie, Julie perceived the noise of the wind rattling her front windows as the sound of a burglar breaking into her house. Her mistaken interpretation best illustrates the influence of:

perceptual set

motor neurons are an important part of the:

peripheral nervous system

cross-cultural research on human development indicates that:

person to person differences within cultural groups are larger than differences between groups

17. Even though there are many unoccupied chairs in the library study area, Wang chooses to sit in a chair right next to Annest. Annest is most likely to feel uncomfortable because Wang has violated her:

personal space

even though many chairs in the library study area are unoccupied, Wang chooses to sit right next to Annest. Annest is most likely to feel uncomfortable because Wang has violated her:

personal space

When two or more lights blink on and off in quick succession, it gives the appearance of movement. This is called the:

phi phenomenon

the nineteenth-century theory that bumps on the skull reveal a person's abilities and traits is called

phrenology

Which of the following provides the clearest indication of a drug addiction?

physical dependence

unpleasant withdrawal symptoms are indicative of:

physical dependence

Unpleasant withdrawal symptoms are indicative of:

physical dependence.

Deep sleep appears to play an important role in:

physical growth

Deep sleep appears to play an important role in:

physical growth.

the volley principle is most directly relevant to our perception of:

pitch

64. At the age of 22, Mrs. LaBlanc was less than 4 feet tall. Her short stature was probably influenced by the lack of a growth hormone produced by the:

pituitary gland

After a small section of his basilar membrane was damaged, Jason experienced a noticeable loss of hearing for high-pitched sounds only. Jason's hearing loss is best explained by the ________ theory.

place

63. After Greg's serious motorcycle accident, doctors detected damage to his cerebellum. Greg is most likely to have difficulty

playing his guitar

56. Sensory neurons are an important part of the:

pns

Which of the following is true of positive and negative reinforcers?

positive reinforcers increase the rate of operant responding, negative reinforcers increase the rate of operant responding

Just prior to awakening Chinua from a hypnotic state, the therapist told him that during the next few days he would feel nauseous whenever he reached for a cigarette. Chinua's therapist was attempting to make use of:

posthypnotic suggestion

posthypnotic suggestion.

75. Henry disapproves of stealing jelly beans from his sister's Easter basket because he thinks his mother will spank him if he does. Henry best represents a ________ morality.

preconventional

68. Avoiding physical punishment is to ________ morality as respecting the laws of society is to ________ morality.

preconventional,conventional

avoiding physical punishment is to ______ morality as respecting the laws of society is to ______ morality

preconventional; conventional

The removal of electric shock is to the receipt of good grades as ____ is to _____

primary reinforcer; conditioned reinforcer

Watching a tv soap opera involving marital conflict and divorce led Andrea to recall several instances in which her husband had mistreated her. The effect of the tv program on Andrea's recall provides an example of:

priming

shortly after you see a missing child poster, you are more likely to interpret an ambiguous adult-child interaction as a possible kidnapping. This best illustrates the impact of:

priming

Accommodation

process by which the lens changes shape to focus images on the retina

Evolutionary psychologists are most likely to be criticized for:

providing hindsight explanations for human behaviors.

The perceptual tendency to group together stimuli that are near each other is called:

proximity

the perceptual tendency to group together stimuli that are near each other is called:

proximity

the adjustable opening in the center of the eye

pupil

to assess the effect of televised violence on aggression, researchers plan to expose one group of children to violent movie scenes and another group to nonviolent scenes. In order to reduce the chance that the children in one group have more aggressive personalities than those in the other group, the researchers should make use of:

random assignment

which technique most clearly minimizes the likelihood that any outcome differences between the experimental and control conditions can be attributed to age or personality differences in research participants?

random assignment

to assess mental age, Binet and Simon measured children's:

reasoning skills

low-pitched sounds are to high-pitched sounds as ___ colors are to _____ colors.

red; blue

drug tolerance refers to the

reduced effect of a drug resulting from its regular usage.

drug tolerance refers to the:

reduced effect of a drug resulting from its regular use

After drinking three cans of beer, Akiva felt less guilty about the way he mistreated his wife and children. Akiva's reduced guilt most likely resulted from the fact that his alcohol consumption has:

reduced his self- awareness

the time span after orgasm during which male cannot be aroused to another orgasm is called?

refractory period

studies of marijuana's effects indicate that:

regular users may achieve a high with less of the drug than occasional users

Although the mountains were over 30 miles away, the morning sky was so clear that Showana thought they were only half the distance away. This best illustrates the importance of:

relative clarity

In order to give greater depth to his painting, Shakir enveloped the background landscape in a misty haze. Shakir was making use of the distance cue known as:

relative clarity

The St. Louis arch appears taller than it is wide. This is due to:

relative height

Lightness constancy is most clearly facilitated by:

relative luminance

researchers assess the correlation between scores obtained on alternate forms of the same test in order to measure the ____ of the test

reliability

the high positive correlations between scores received on comparable sections of the SAT and GRE provide evidence for the ___ of these test scores.

reliability

38. Which technique involves repeating the essence of an earlier research study with different subjects and in different circumstances?

replication

12. Evolutionary psychology is most relevant to an understanding of how behavior contributes to:

reproductive success

the selective permeability of a neural membrane creates a(n):

resting potential

Bipolar cells are located in the:

retina

Holding two index fingers in front of the eyes can create the perception of a floating finger sausage. This best illustrates the effect of:

retinal disparity

95. We compute motion based on the assumption that shrinking objects are

retreating

although Yusef was having difficulty recalling the capital of the Netherlands, he quickly and correctly identified it after being given a list of cities in the Netherlands. Yusef's initial inability to recall the answer was due to a failure of:

retrieval

mood-congruent memory refers to the effect of emotional states on the process of:

retrieval

Sigmund Freud emphasized that the forgetting of painful experiences is caused by a process that involves:

retrieval failure

children's intelligence test scores tend to:

rise during the school year and fall during the summer months

67. A concept or framework that organizes and interprets information is called a(n)

schema

Young children tend to draw human figures in a rather unrealistic way. This reflects their:

schemas

one-year-old Eunice is not overly fearful of strangers but she clearly prefers being held by her mother than anyone else. Her behavior best illustrates:

secure attachment

77. Providing children with a safe haven in times of stress contributes most directly to

secure attatchment

A bank teller was so distracted by the sight of a bank robber's weapon that she failed to perceive important features of the criminal's physical appearance. This best illustrates

selective attention

Felix was so preoccupied with his girlfriend's good looks that he failed to perceive any of her less admirable characteristics. This best illustrates the dangers of:

selective attention

the cocktail party effect provides an example of:

selective attention

You typically fail to consciously perceive that your own nose is in your line of vision. This best illustrates:

selective attention!

The cocktail party effect provides an example of:

selective attention.

8. Dmitry Belyaev and Lyudmilla Trut successfully domesticated wild foxes by means of:

selective mating

Alcohol consumption is least likely to make people more:

self- conscious

72. Researchers have sneakily dabbed rouge on young children's noses in order to study the developmental beginnings of

self-awareness

Alcohol consumption is least likely to make people more

self-conscious

Alcohol consumption is least likely to make people more:

self-conscious

alcohol consumption is least likely to make people more:

self-conscious

Children can better remmeber an ancient Latin verse if the definition of each unfamiliar Latin word is carefully explained to them. This best illustrates ____ memory

semantic encoding

Which of the following play the biggest role in our feeling dizzy and unbalanced after a thrilling roller coaster ride?

semicircular canals

The detection and encoding of stimulus energies by the nervous system is called:

sensation

hearing a sequence of sounds of different pitches is to ______ as recognizing the sound sequences as a familiar melody is to _____

sensation; perception

98. Diminished sensitivity to an unchanging stimulus is known as:

sensory adaptation

After listening to your high-volume car stereo for 15 minutes, you fail to realize how loudly the music is blasting. This best illustrates:

sensory adaption

99. Phantom limb sensations best illustrate that pain can be experienced in the absence of

sensory input

103. With her eyes closed and her nose plugged, Chandra was unable to taste the difference between an onion and a pear. Her experience best illustrates the importance of:

sensory interaction

106. The McGurk effect best illustrates:

sensory interaction

With her eyes closed and her nose plugged, Chandra was unable to taste the difference between an onion and a pear. Her experience best illustrates the importance of:

sensory interaction

The green-colored ham and eggs had such a strange appearance that they tasted terrible to Sam. This illustrates the importance of:

sensory interaction.

52. In order for you to experience the pain of a sprained ankle, ________ must first relay messages from your ankle to your central nervous system.

sensory neurons

Consciousness is to unconsciousness as ________ is to ________.

serial processing; parallel processing

Isaac, a 25 year old law student, is heterosexual: his brother Chaim, a 21 year old college senior is homoesexual. The brothers obviously differ in their:

sexual orientation

Even though a door may reflect quite a different retinal image when it is open than when it is closed, we still see it as the same, rectangular door because of:

shape constancy

Although college textbooks frequently cast a trapezoidal image on the retina, students typically perceive the books as rectangular objects. This illustrates the importance of:

shape constancy.

108. An exhausted forest ranger may notice the faintest scent of a forest fire, whereas much stronger but less important odors fail to catch her attention. This fact would be of greatest relevance to:

signal detection theory

Almost half the birds in the yard were brown cardinals and the rest were bright red cardinals, so Jimmy perceived them as two distinct groups of birds. This best illustrates the principle of:

similarity

Because the two teams wore different-colored uniforms, Cheri perceived the ten basketball players as two distinct groups. This best illustrates the principle of:

similarity

because the two teams wore different colored uniforms, Cheri perceived the ten basketball players as two distinct groups. This best illustrates the principle of:

similarity

90. As the retinal image of a horse galloping toward you becomes larger, it is unlikely that the horse will appear to grow larger. This best illustrates the phenomenon of

size constancy

As Sherod walked away from the camera, the image of his body filled a smaller area of the television screen. Nevertheless, viewers did not perceive Sherod as suddenly shrinking. This illustrates:

size constancy

as Sherod walked away from the camera, the image of his body filler a smaller area of the television screen. Nevertheless, viewers did not perceive Sherod as suddenly shrinking. This illustrates:

size constancy

sleep apnea

olfactory receptor cells are essential for our sense of:

smell

81. Developmental psychologists study physical, cognitive, and ________ changes throughout the human life cycle.

social

Research on dreaming indicates that:

some people are able to test their state of consciousness while dreaming.

Retinal disparity refers to the:

somewhat different images our two eyes receive of the same object

Exposure to high levels of male sex hormones during prenatal development is most likely to facilitate the subsequent development of:

spatial abilities

Tachyphylaxis

special causes of drug tolerance where a decrease in a person's sensitivity to a drug occurs over a very short period of time-sometimes over only a few hours

in anger-provoking situations, sexually aroused people experience more intense hostility than those who are not sexually aroused. This best illustrates the:

spillover effect

a belief that adult personality is completely determined in early childhood years would be most relevant to the issue of:

stability or change

2. A child's temperament is likely to be:

stable over time

The acquisition of a sense of object permanence is most closely associated with the development of:

stranger anxiety

the acquisition of a sense of object permanence is most closely associated with the development of:

stranger anxiety

the perception that Bugs Bunny is hopping across a movie screen best illustrates:

stroboscopic movement

the quick succession of briefly flashed images in a motion picture produces:

stroboscopic movement

by scripting specific job-relevant questions to be asked of all those applying for a particular work position, a personnel psychologist is most clearly developing a framework for:

structured interviews

Parapsychology

study of phenomena such as ESP and psychokinesis

1. A teratogen is a(n)

substance that can cross the placental barrier & harm an unborn child

66. A teratogen is a(n)

substance that can cross the placental barrier and harm an unborn child

messages are transmitted from your spinal cord to your digestive system's stomach muscles by the:

sympathetic nervous system

according to the Cannon-Bard theory, body arousal is related to the subjective awareness of emotion in the same way as the _____ is related to the _____

sympathetic nervous system; cortex

Compared to environmentally impoverished rats, those rats housed in enriched environments experienced a dramatic increase in the number of their:

synapses

compared to environmentally impoverished rats, those rats housed in enriched environments experienced a dramatic increase in the number of their:

synapses

the spatial junction where impulses are chemically transmitted from one neuron to another are called:

synapses

49. Sir Charles Sherrington observed that impulses took more time to travel a neural pathway than he might have anticipated. His observation provided evidence for the existence of:

synaptic gaps

the integration of information processed simultaneously by multiple neural networks can be detected as a pattern of:

synchronized brain waves

a european visitor to the united states asked a taxi driver 'can you please a ride to the airport me give?' The visitor has apparently not yet mastered the ____ of the English language

syntax

Kinesthesis

system for sensing the position and movement of individual body parts.

Kinesthesis refers to the:

system for sensing the position and movement of muscles, tendons, and joints.

Supercell clusters

teams of cells that fire in response to complex patterns, such as the human face.

10. Lynnae is usually timid and fearful, whereas her sister Eileen is typically relaxed and fearless. The two sisters are most strikingly different in:

temperament

16. Pat is normally very restless and fidgety, whereas Shelley is usually quiet and easygoing. The two children apparently differ in:

temperament

Lynnae is usually timid and fearful, whereas her sister Eileen is typically relaxed and cheerful. The two sisters are most strikingly different in:

temperament

61. The sense of hearing is to the ________ lobes as the sense of touch is to the ________ lobes.

temporal,parietal

19. The prenatal development of the external male sex organs is stimulated by:

testosterone

if pregnant sheep are injected with ____ during a critical gestation period, their female offspring will show homosexual behavior.

testosterone

If research suggested that a pregnant mother's use of an artificial sweetener caused harm to the fetus, the artificial sweetener would be considered a(n):

tetrogen

46. Which brain structure receives information from all the senses except smell?

thalamus

comparing the average performance of the initial WAIS standardization sample with the average performance of the most recent WAIS standardization sample provides convincing evidence of:

the Flynn effect

according to Piaget's theory, during the concrete operational stage, a child is still unlikely to demonstrate:

the ability to think hypothetically

According to Piaget's theory, during the concrete operational stage, a child is still unlikely to demonstrate:

the ability to think hypothetically.

Sleep apnea is a disorder involving

the cessation of breathing during sleep

Sleep apnea is a disorder involving:

the cessation of breathing during sleep

Sleep apnea is a disorder involving:

the cessation of breathing during sleep.

our inability to fall asleep early as we had planned, is most likely a reflection of:

the circadian rhythm

Our inability to fall asleep early as we had planned, is most likely a reflection of:

the circadian rhythm.

34. Researchers and subjects in a drug-evaluation study are both ignorant about which subjects have actually received an experimental drug and which were given a placebo. This investigation involves the use of:

the double-blind procedure

35. Jeff mistakenly assumes that everybody around him enjoys listening to country music just as much as he does. Jeff best illustrates:

the false consensus effect

On the day she is to be interviewed for an important new position, Rachel awakens with a severe toothache. During the interview she feels no pain; not until 30 minutes later does she become aware again of the troublesome toothache. Rachel's experience is best explained by:

the gate-control theory

on the day she is to be interviewed, for an important new position, Rachel awakens with a severe toothache. During the interview she feels no pain; not until 30 minutes later does she become aware again of the troublesome toothache. Rachel's experience is best explained by:

the gate-control theory

Hans Selye referred to the body's response to stress as:

the general adaptation syndrome

105. As people grow older, they are most likely to need glasses because:

the lens loses its ability to change shape readily

As people grow older, they are most likely to need glasses because:

the lens loses its ability to change shape readily.

compared to adults, children are more susceptible to:

the misinformation effect

84. The Ames illusion involving two girls who are perceived as very different in size can best be explained in terms of

the misperception of distance

115. On the day she is to be interviewed for an important new position, Rachel awakens with a severe toothache. During the interview she feels no pain; not until 30 minutes later does she become aware again of the troublesome toothache. Rachel's experience is best explained by:

the opponent process theory

The fact that people who are colorblind to red and green may still see yellow is most easily explained by:

the opponent-process theory

24. Gender identity refers to:

the personal sense of being male or female

94. The sequentially flashing Christmas tree lights appeared to generate pulsating waves of motion. This best illustrates

the phi phenomenon

The cocktail party effect provides an example of:

the phi phenomenon

The sequentially flashing Christmas tree lights appeared to generate pulsating waves of motion. This best illustrates:

the phi phenomenon

The relief of pain following the ingestion of an inert substance that is presumed to have medicinal benefits illustrates:

the placebo effect

research on the environmental conditions that influence sexual orientation indicates that:

the reported backgrounds o f homosexuals and heterosexuals are similar

mistakenly concluding that the forgetful acts of an elderly person must be indicative of Alzheimer's disease best illustrates the impact of:

the representative heuristic

The phenomenon of color constancy best demonstrates that:

the retina has three types of color receptors.

the facial expressions associated with particular emotions are:

the same throughout the world

gender identity refers to:

the sense of being male or female

21. Gender role refers to;

the set of expected behaviors for male/female

When people are experiencing vivid dreams:

their eyes are likely to move under their closed eyelids.

the best predictor that infants will develop high levels of intellectual aptitude is:

their tendency to quickly shift their gaze from a familiar to novel picture.

71. In an experiment, children see a doll named Sally leave her ball in a red cupboard and go away. They then observe another doll, Anne, move the ball to a different location. In asking children where Sally will look for the ball upon her return, the investigators are testing the children's

theory of mind

73. Chloe can clearly sense when her sister's teasing is intended to be friendly fun or a hostile put-down. This best illustrates that Chloe has developed a(n)

theory of mind

in an experiment, children see a doll named Sally leave her ball in a red cupboard and go away. They then observe another doll, Anne, move the ball to a different location. In asking children where Sally will look for the ball upon her return, the investigators are testing the children's:

theory of mind

which of the following is true of psychics who have worked with police departments in an effort to solve different crimes?

they have reported visions that are no more accurate than guesses

Children who are visually impaired at birth, but are allowed to see clearly years later have difficulty perceiving because:

they missed a critical period in visual development.

80. Kohlberg emphasized that human behavior becomes less selfish as we mature because of

thinking maturing

The need to take larger and larger doses of a drug in order to experience its effects is an indication of:

tolerance

the need to take larger and larger doses of a drug in order to experience its effects is an indication of:

tolerance

People are more likely to perceive a figure and ground illustration as reversible if they are told it is reversible. This best illustrates the importance of:

top-down processing

our experience of pain may be intensified when we perceive that others are experiencing pain. This best illustrates the importance of:

top-down processing

The local fire department sounds the 12 o'clock whistle. The process by which your ears convert the sound waves from the siren into neural impulses is an example of:

transduction

Vaseem experienced excessive fear while flying because he interpreted his rapid heart rate, shallow breathing, and heavy perspiration as a reaction to imminent danger of a plane crash. When his psychotherapist convinced him that this physical arousal was simply a harmless reaction to acceleration, cabin pressure, and confined space, his fear of flying was greatly reduced. The reduction in Vaseem's fear is best understood in terms of:

two-factor theory

when students perceive the arousal that accompanies test-taking as energizing rather than debilitating, they experience much less anxiety. This is best understood in terms of the:

two-factor theory

It has been found that night terrors:

typically occur during Stage 4 sleep.

30. The distinctive feature of the psychodynamic perspective is its emphasis on:

unconscious conflicts

60. After Paul's serious snow-skiing accident, doctors detected damage to his temporal lobe in Wernicke's area. Because of the damage, Paul is most likely to experience difficulty in:

understanding what they are saying

the hindsight bias leads people to perceive research findings as:

unsurprising

your psychology professor has announced that the next test will assess your understanding of sensation and perception. When you receive the test, however, you find that very few questions actually relate to these topics. In this instance, you would be most concerned about the ____ of the test.

validity

a homosexual orientation is:

very persistent and difficult to change

101. The semicircular canals are most directly relevant to:

vestibular sense

Terry has not had a decent night of sleep in over a week. If this sleep deprivation continues, he will become increasingly susceptible to:

viral infections

when there is a conflict between bits of information received by two or more senses, which sense tends to dominate the others?

vision

Damage to the fovea would have the greatest effect on:

visual acuity

As she gazed down from a bridge at the rapidly flowing river, Nancy felt as thought she were moving. Her experience best illustrates the phenomenon of:

visual capture

When the soundtrack for a movie is played in the back of a classroom, students tend to perceive the sound as originating from the picture screen in the front of the room. This best illustrates:

visual capture

100. People who demonstrate blindsight have most likely suffered damage to their:

visual cortex

people who demonstrate blindsight have most likely suffered damage to their:

visual cortex

Iconic memory is to echoic memory as ______ is to _____

visual stimulation; auditory stimulation

41. Which psychologist would most likely agree with the statement, "Psychology should investigate only behaviors that can be observed"?

watson

The amplitude of electromagnetic waves determines the ________ of light.

wavelength

In additive color mixing, the combination of red, green, and blue creates ________; in subtractive color mixing, the combination of red, yellow, and blue creates ________.

white; black

Pablo is a landscape artist who was known for the depth of his paintings. After an accident, he had vision only from one eye. Since then, his paintings:

will have just as much depth

who suggested that 'we feel sorry because we cry... afraid because we tremble' ?

william james

The discomfort and distress that follow the discontinued use of certain drugs is called:

withdrawal

28. Surveys indicate that people are much less likely to support "government welfare" than "government aid to the needy." These somewhat paradoxical survey results best illustrate the importance of:

wording effects

If a person were to wear glasses that distorted vision upside down, that person:

would eventually adapt

40 year old Lance insists that he never dreams. Research suggests that he probably:

would report a vivid dream if he were awakened during REM sleep

Forty-year-old Lance insists that he never dreams. Research suggests that he probably:

would report a vivid dream if he were awakened during REM sleep.

5. A human egg contains ________ chromosome(s) and a human sperm contains ________ chromosome(s).

x,x or y

According to the opponent-process theory, cells that are stimulated by exposure to ________ light are inhibited by exposure to ________ light.

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