Number 2 Psychology Set
hue
Intensity is to brightness as wavelength is to
Sleeptalking may occur during:
any stage of sleep
Milan is upset with his wife because she was over an hour late in picking him up at the airport. He is likely to deal most effectively with his feelings of irritation toward her by telling her:
"im really angry that I had to wait so long for you to get here"
Convergence
(Binocular) The brain calculates the degree of neuromuscular strain what are two eyes turn inward to look at a nearby objects the greater the strain or angle the closer the object
Retinal disparity
(Binocular) The brain computes the relative distance of an object by comparing the slightly different images the object cast on her to rightness. The greater the difference, the closer the object must be.
Interposition
(Monocular) An object that blocks another is closer than the blocked objects
Relative clarity
(Monocular) and hazy object is farther away than object clearly
Light and shadow
(Monocular) nearby objects reflect more light than faraway objects
Relative height
(Monocular) objects higher in our field of vision or farther away
Relative size
(Monocular) smaller is more distant
Texture gradient
(Monocular) when texture changes, coursed distinct objects are close and fine indiscint objects are distant
Relative motion or motion parallax
(Monocular) when you are moving, objects closer than a fixation point appear to move backwards - the near the objects, the faster it moves; objects be on the fixation point appear to move with you
Symptoms of Drug Abstinence (withdrawal)
-(resulting physical signs and symptoms) occur when a drug is terminated usually after prolonged use; or when a specific antagonist is given; the syndrome results in signs and symptoms opposite from the action of the drug; it is highly correlated with dose and duration of use; the signs and symptoms are not usually displayed until at least 12 hours, or longer, after the last dose
Context-Specific Tolerance
-behavioral, learned, or associative—very sensitive to environment or behavioral conditions
Cross Tolerance
-refers to the development of tolerance to one type of drug which results in decreased sensitivity to the effects of another type of drug
Friedman and Rosenman referred to competitive, hard-driving, impatient, and easily angered individuals as _______ personalities
...
axon
...
brain stem; limbic system; cerberal cortex
...
d
...
dd
...
ddd
...
df
...
f
...
ff
...
gg
...
gr
...
gy
...
q
...
...
qqq
...
r
...
rr
...
s
...
ss
...
sympathetic/parasympathetic
...
tuy
...
y
...
yy
...
Peterson and Peterson demonstrated that unrehearsed short-term memories for three consonants almost completely decay in as short a time as:
12 seconds
full and clear communication regarding Kelsey's effectiveness as a customer service manager is enhanced by the performance appraisals she periodically receives from fellow managers, subordinates, customers, and her supervisor. This best illustrates the value of:
360-degree feedback
for which of the following distributions of scores would the median most clearly be a more appropriate measure of central tendency than the mean?
6, 18, 4, 5, 2
12 year old Benjy has an IQ of 75 on the original version of the Stanford-Binet. His mental age is:
9
retinal disparity
A 3-D movie enhances our sense of depth perception by simulating the effects of
Neural Networks
A football quarterback can simultaneously make calculations of receiver distances, player movements, and gravitational forces. This best illustrates the activity of multiple:
Phi phenomenon
A teacher uses distortion goggles, which shifted the Wiers gaze 20°, to demonstrate an altered perception. A student wearing the goggles initially bumped into numerous desks and chairs while walking around but chose to wear the goggles for half an hour. After 30 minutes, the student was able to smoothly avoid obstacles, illustrating the concept of:
Plasticity
A person whose hand had been amputated actually felt sensations on his nonexistent fingers when his face was stroked. This best illustrates the consenquences of
right hand to indicate she saw a mouse
A picture of a cat is briefly flashed in the left visual field and a picture of a mouse is briefly flashed in the right visual field of a split-brain patient. The individual will be able to use her: -(right hand to indicate cat, left hand to indicate mouse, left/right to indicate cat, left/right hand indicate mouse, right to indicate mouse)
below one's absolute threshold for awareness
A subliminal message is one that is presented
REM sleep
After Carlos had been asleep for about an hour and a half, his heart began to beat faster, his breathing became fast and irregular, and his closed and began to dart back and forth. Carlos was most likely experiencing:
With her eyes closed and her nose plugged, Chandra was unable to taste the difference between an onion and a pear. Her experience best illustrates the importance of: A.) Sensory Interaction B.) Sensory Transduction C.) Sensory Adaptation D.) Accommodation E.) Subliminal Stimulation
A.) Sensory Interaction
have very relaxed muscles
After sleeping for about an hour and a half, José enters a phase of paradoxical sleep. He is likely to:
perceptual set
After watching a scary television movie, Julie perceived the noise of the wind rattling her front windows as the sound of a burglar breaking into her house. Her mistaken interpretation best illustrates the influence of
depressant
Alcohol is considered a(n)
Limbic System
Addictive drug cravings are likely to be associated with reward centers in the:
A difference threshold
Aaron is washing her hands adjusts the Fossett handle until the water feels just slightly hotter than it did before. Her adjustment until she feels the difference is example of
Nearer
According to the principle of light and shadow, if one or two identical objects reflects more light to your eyes it will be perceived as:
a relaxed but awake state
Alpha waves are associated with:
absolute threshold
Although Manuel was sitting right next to his parents, he smelled a skunk minutes before they did. Apparently, Manuel has a lower ________ for skunk odor than his parents have
Context effects
Although Sue Yen sees her chemistry professor several times each week, she has difficulty recognizing the professor when she happened to see her in the grocery store. This best illustrates the importance of:
82. During the last few years, 75-year-old Mrs. Yamaguchi has gradually become so mentally disoriented that she can't find her way around her own house and often fails to recognize her husband. It is most likely that Mrs. Yamaguchi is suffering the effects of
Alzheimers disease
a long-tail like structure
An axon is
hypnosis has been associated with quackery, thanks to the false claims made by:
Anton Mesmer
manifest
As Inge recalled her dream, she was dancing with a tall, dark gentleman when suddenly the music shifted to loud rock and the man disappeared. According to Freud. Inge's account represents the ______ content of her dream.
visual cortex
As oxygen deprivation just prior to death turns off the brain's inhibitory cells, neural activity increases in the
perception
As the brain receives information about the lines, angles, and edges of objects in the environment, higher-level cells process and interpret the information to consciously recognize objects. This process best illustrates
sensation
As you look at an apple, its reflected light travels to the eye. The rods and cones absorb the light and help transmit the information to the brain. This process best illustrates
Decreases; increases
As your friend Milo walks towards her, Norco perceives the size as remaining constant because it's perceived distance -- at the same time that her retinal image of him --
REM sleep
At 3 o'clock in the morning, John has already slept for 4 hours. As long as his sleep continues, we can expect an increasing occurrence of:
kinesthesia
Awareness of the position of your arms when you're swimming the backstroke
Texture gradient
Because the flowers in the foreground appear course angry, the tiger for decided that the picture was taken two near the objects. This conclusion was based on which depth cue?
The amplitude of electromagnetic waves determine the _____ of light. A.) Absolute Threshold B.) Brightness C.) Hue D.) Difference Threshold E.) Wavelength
B.) Brightness
Sensation is to ____ as perception is to _____. A.) Encoding; Detection B.) Detection; Interpretation C.) Interpretation; Organization D.) Organization; Accommodation E.) Threshold; Transduction
B.) Detection; Interpretation
Weber's law is relevant to an understanding of: A.) Absolute Thresholds B.) Difference Thresholds C.) Sensory Adaptation D.) Sensory Interaction E.) Parallel Processing
B.) Difference Thresholds
Brightness is to light as ____ is to sound. A.) Pitch B.) Loudness C.) Frequency D.) Amplitude E.) Wavelength
B.) Loudness
Olfactory receptor cells are essential for our sense of: A.) Kinesthesis B.) Smell C.) Touch D.) Hearing E.) Equilibrium
B.) Smell
retina
Bipolar cells are located in the
Grouping
Bringing order in for the stimuli, which illustrates how the whole differs from some of its parts called
51. The part of the left frontal lobe that directs the muscle movements involved in speech is known as:
Brocas area
mental processes.
By 1960, the study of consciousness had been revived by psychologists' renewed interest in:
Some people are better than others at detecting slight variations in the taste of various blends of coffee. This best illustrates the importance of: A.) Sensory Adaptation B.) Subliminal Stimulation C.) Difference Thresholds D.) Parallel Processing E.) The Vestibular Sense
C.) Difference Thresholds
On a cloudy day, a yellow flower is likely to appear ____ it does on a sunny day. A.) Less colorful than B.) Less yellow than C.) Equally as yellow as D.) More yellow than E.) Whiter than
C.) Equally as yellow as
When most people stare at a red square then shift their eyes to a white surface, the afterimage of the square is: A.) Yellow B.) Red C.) Green D.) Blue E.) White
C.) Green
The ability to simultaneously recognize the color, shape, size, and speed of an oncoming automobile best illustrates: A.) Sensory Interaction B.) Kinesthesis C.) Parallel Processing D.) Subliminal Perception E.). Blindsight
C.) Parallel Processing
An exhausted forest ranger may notice the faintest scent of a forest fire, whereas much stronger but less important orders fail to catch her attention. This fact would be of great relevance to: A.) The Young-Helmholtz Theory B.) Opponent-Process Theory C.) Signal Detection Theory D.) Frequency Theory E.) Place Theory
C.) Signal Detection Theory
The semicircular canals are most directly relevant to: A.) Hearing B.) Kinesthesis C.) The vestibular sense D.) Parallel Processing E.) Accommodation
C.) The vestibular sense
The process by which our sensory systems convert stimulus energies into neural messages is called: A.) Priming B.) Sensory Adaptation C.) Transduction D.) Parallel Processing E.) Sensory Interaction
C.) Transduction
psychoactive
Chemical substances that alter perceptions and moods are called ________ drugs.
serial processing; parallel processing
Consciousness is to unconsciousness as ______ is to ______.
our awareness of ourselves and our environment
Consciousness is:
When information that a brief imperceptible message would be flashed repeatedly during a popular TV program, many viewers reported feeling strangely hungry or thirsty during the show. Since the imperceptible message had nothing to do with hunger or thirst, viewers' strange reactions best illustrate: A.) The McGurk Effect B.) Sensory Adaption C.) The Volley Principle D.) A Placebo Effect E.) Accommodation
D.) A Placebo Effect
Cones and rods are to vision as _____ are to audition. A.) Eardrums B.) Cochleas C.) Oval Windows D.) Hair Cells E.) Semicircular Canals
D.) Hair Cells
The light-sensitive inner surface of the eye, containing the rods and cones, is the: A.) Fovea B.) Optic Nerve C.) Cornea D.) Retina E.) Iris
D.) Retina
Kinesthesis refers to the: A.) Quivering eye movements that enable the retina to detect continuous stimulation. B.) Progress by which stimulus energies are changed into neural signals. C.) Diminished sensitivity to an unchanging stimulus. D.) System for sensing the position and movement of muscles, tendons, and joints. E.) Process of organizing and interpreting sensory information.
D.) System for sensing the position and movement of muscles, tendons, and joints.
conduction hearing loss.
Damage to the hammer, anvil, and stirrup is most likely to cause
a good night's sleep
Daniel Kahneman and his colleagues found that the daily moods of working women were most heavily influenced by
Sensory adaptation
David went swimming with his friends who do not want to get in the pool because the water felt cold. David jump in and after a few minutes declared, it was cold when I first got it but now my body is used to it. Come on in! David body became accustomed to the water due to
plasticity
Deaf people whose native language is sign best illustrates:
physical growth
Deep sleep appears to play an important role in
physical growth
Deep sleep appears to play an important role in:
depressants
Drugs such as alcohol and opiates that calm neural activity and slow body functions are called
Which of the following pain control techniques is emphasized in the Lamaze method of childbirth training? A.) Accommodation B.) Acupuncture C.) Subliminal Stimulation D.) Kinesthesis E.) Distraction
E.) Distraction
Sound wave vibrations are transmitted by three tiny bones located in the: A.) Vestibular Sacs B.) Semicircular Canals C.) Inner Ear D.) Cochlea E.) Middle Ear
E.) Middle Ear
The volley principle is most directly relevant to our perception of: A.) Temperature B.) Color C.) Brightness D.) Pain E.) Pitch
E.) Pitch
Accommodation refers to the: A.) Diminishing sensitivity to a nun changing stimulus. B.) System of sensing the position and movement of muscles, tendons, and joints. C.) Quivering eye movements that enable the retina to detect continuous stimulation. D.) Process by which stimulus energies are changed into neural messages. E.) Process by which the lens changes shape in order to focus images on the retina.
E.) Process by which the lens changes shape in order to focus images on the retina.
The detection and encoding of stimulus energies by the nervous system is called: A.) Signal Detection B.) Priming C.) Synaesthesia D.) Accommodation E.) Sensation
E.) Sensation
The cochlear implant would be most helpful for those who suffer: A.) Loss of movement B.) Loss of position C.) Loss of balance D.) Conduction hearing loss E.) Sensorineural hearing loss
E.) Sensorineural hearing loss
News about the supposed effects of briefly presented messages on moviegoers' consumption of popcorn and Coca-Cola involved false claims regarding: A.) Parallel Processing B.) Difference Thresholds C.) Kinesthesis D.) Synaesthesia E.) Subliminal Stimulation
E.) Subliminal Stimulation
If we see a speaker mouthing day while actually hearing may, we may perceive a third syllable bay that blends both inputs. This phenomenon is known as: A.) Prosopagnosia B.) Sensory Adaptation C.) Blindsight D.) Accommodation E.) The McGurk Effect
E.) The McGurk Effect
The fact that the Amazing Randi has never paid off on his claim illustrates that:
ESP phenomena have never been proven to be anything more than chance events or fakery.
Young-Helmholtz
Evidence that some cones are especially sensitive to red light, others to green light, and still others to blue light is most directly supportive of the ________ theory.
Closure
Figures tend to be perceived as a whole, complete objects, even if the spaces are gaps exist and representation, thus demonstrating the principle of:
Sensory interaction
Finding us by is delicious aroma, we are looking meat taste awful, finding that food taste bland when you have a bad cold, finding is difficult to manage your balance when you're having it here infection, finding the cold pool water does not feel so cold after a while
would report a vivid dream if he were awakened during REM sleep
Forty-year-old Lance insits that he never dreams. Research suggest that he probably:
amphetamines
François was dismayed to discover that some of his football teammates were using drugs to enhance their footwork and endurance on the playing field. Which of the following drugs were the players most likely using?
manifest
Freud called the remembered story line of a dream its ________ content.
manifest
Freud called the remembered storyline of a dream its ____ content.
88. Who emphasized that the whole may exceed the sum of its parts?
Gestalt Psychologists
"The whole is greater than the sum of its parts," has been most associated with a:
Gestalt psychologist
Body position
Hairlike receptors in the semicircular
Figure - ground relationships
Hannah and David are the dancing competition. It is easy for the spectators to see them against the dance floor because of
top-down processing
Heather Sellers suffers from prosopagnosia and is unable to recognize her own face in a mirror. Her difficulty stems from a deficiency in
endocrine system
Hormones are the chemical messages of the
2
How many types of binocular cues are there?
heightened openness to suggestion
Hypnosis involves a state of
absolute threshold for light is likely to increase
If an adult develops cataracts, his or her
Webbers law
If principle states that to be perceived as different, two stimuli must differ by a minimum person rather than a constant amount
brainstem
If your _______ is destroyed, the left side of your brain could not control the movements of your right hand.
Which of the following is true of alcohol?
In large doses, it is a depressant; in small doses, it is a depressant
which of the following is true of alchohol?
In large doses, it is a depressant; in small doses, it is a stimulant.
Corpus Callosum
Information is most quickly transmitted from one cerebral hemisphere to the other by the
Change blindness
Is a form of inattentional blindness
10 year old Vito tells his friend 'when you notice that your knees knock, you hands sweat, and you stomach is in knots, then you get really scared'. this statement best illustrates the:
James-Lange theory
An altered state of consciousness in which people experience fantastic images and often feel separated from their bodies is most closely associated with the use of
LSD
Which of the following is a psychedelic drug?
LSD
hallucinations
LSD is most likely to produce
Wavelength; hue
Light's - - - is the distance from one way peak to the next. This dimension determines the - - - we experience
in order to understand the British newspaper headline 'Income for 62% Is Below Average', it is necessary to appreciate the distinction between the _____ and the mean.
Median
By 1960, the study of consciousness had been revived by psychologists' renewed interest in
Mental processes
sympathetic nervous system
Messages are transmitted from your spinal cord to your digestive system's stomach muscles by the
opiates
Morphine and heroin are
sleep apnea
Mr. Dayton occasionally stops breathing while sleeping. He wakes up to snort air for a few seconds before falling back to sleep. Mrs. Dayton complains that her husband snores. Clearly, Mr. Dayton suffers from
sleep apnea
Mr. Dayton occasionally stops breathing while sleeping. He wales up to snort air for a few seconds before falling back asleep. Mrs. Dayton complains that her husband snores. He clearly suffers from:
marijuana
Mrs. Roberts, who suffers from AIDS, has been given an ordinarily illegal drug at the university hospital. Considering her specific medical condition, it is likely that she has received
blindsight
Ms. Shields, a recent stroke victim, cannot consciously perceive the large book on the coffee table in front of her. Yet, when urged to identify the book, she correctly reads aloud the printed title on the book cover. Her response best illustrates
REM; stage 4
Paradoxical sleep is to slow-wave sleep as ______ sleep is to ________ sleep.
subliminal stimulation
News about the supposed effects of briefly presented messages on people's feelings of being thirsty involved false claims regarding
REM sleep; Stage 4 sleep
Nightmares are to ______ as night terrors are to ______.
Top-down processing
Occurs when experience influences our interpretation of data
selective attention
Ohio State University pedestrians were more likely to cross streets unsafely if they were talking on a cell phone. This best illustrates the impact of
hypothalamus
Olds and Milner located reward centers in the brain structure known as the
figure-ground
One of the ways we perceive images is by organizing stimuli into an object seen against its surroundings. What is this perceptual tendency called?
endorphins
Opiate drugs occupy the same receptor sites as:
Consciousness is
Our awareness of ourselves
the circadian rhythm
Our inability to fall asleep early as we had planned, is most likely a reflection of:
Neural networks
People can simultaneously proces many aspects of sensory information such as color, shape, and size. This best illustrates the functioning of multiple:
The activation-synthesis theory best helps to explain why
People often experience sudden visual images during REM sleep
Similarity
People tend to group similar stimuli together
sensory input
Phantom limb sensations best illustrate that pain can be experienced in the absence of
priming
Photographs of people were rated more positively if the photos immediately followed a briefly flashed image of kittens. This best illustrates the impact of
Number of soundwaves that reach the air any given time (frequency)
Pitch depends on which of the following
48. The capacity of one brain area to take over the functions of another damaged brain area is known as brain:
Plasticity
Even though two figures are identical in size, one looks larger due to the ___ illusion.
Ponzo
The complete set of cases from which samples may be drawn
Population
biological psychology
Professor Seif conducts research on the relationship between the limbic system and sexual motivation. Her research interests best represent the psychological specialty known as
nightmares are to ____ as night terrors are to ____
REM Sleep; Stage 4 sleep
After Carlos had been asleep for about an hour and a half, his heart began to beat faster, his breathing became fast and irregular, and his closed eyes began to dart back and forth. Carlos was most likely experiencing:
REM sleep
At 3 o'clock in the morning, John has already slept for 4 hours. As long as his sleep continues, we can expect an increasing occurrence of
REM sleep
At 3 o'clock in the morning, John has already slept for 4 hours. As long as his sleep continues, we can expect an increasing occurrence of:
REM sleep
Nightmares are to _____ as night terrors are to _____.
REM sleep; Stage 4 sleep
Nightmares are to ________ as night terrors are to ________.
REM sleep; Stage 4 sleep
Paradoxical sleep is to slow-wave sleep as ________ sleep is to ________ sleep.
REM; sleep 4
have inadequate neural connections in her visual cortex
Rebecca was born with cataracts that were not surgically removed until she was 3 years old. As a result, Rebecca is most likely to
Frequency theory
Reflects the notion that picture is related to the number of impulses traveling up the auditory nerve in a unit of time
relative size
Renny knew the red tulip was closer to her than the yellow tulip because the red one cast a larger retinal image than the yellow one. This illustrates the importance of the distance cue known as
enables some people to undergo surgery with only a local anesthesia.
Research has indicated that hypnosis
infants; adults
Research indicates that the percentage of total sleep spent in REM sleep is higher in ________ than in ________.
some people are able to test their state of consciousness while dreaming
Research on dreaming indicates that:
choice blindness
Research participants picked one of two photographed faces as more attractive. When researchers cleverly switched the photos, participants readily explained why they preferred the face they had actually rejected. Their behavior illustrated
Context
Sarah tells her brother to put on a suit on a warm summer day. Sarah's brother knows to put on a swimsuit instead of a business suit because of
detection; interpretation
Sensation is to ________ as perception is to ________.
Kinesthetic
Sensing the position and movement of individual body parts is a good example of which of these
hallucinations
Sensory experiences that occur without a sensory stimulus are called:
manifest
Shane, a straight-A student, remembers dreaming that he failed an important chemistry test. According to Freud, SHane's account represents the ______ content of his dream.
Transduction
What do we call the conversion of stimulus energies, like sights and sounds, and to neural impulses
Mr. Dayton occasionally stops breathing while sleeping. He wakes up to snort air for a few seconds before falling back to sleep. Mrs. Dayton complains that her husband snores. Clearly, Mr. Dayton suffers from
Sleep apnea
the cessation of breathing during sleep
Sleep apnea is a disorder involving:
any stage of sleep.
Sleep talking may occur during:
effective memory
Slow-wave sleep promotes
heroin
Soon after taking a psychoactive drug, Larisa's breathing slowed, her pupils constricted, and her feelings of anxiety were replaced by blissful pleasure. Larisa most likely experienced the effects of
The brain waves associated with REM sleep are most similar to those of
Stage 1 sleep
Perceptual set
Stereotypes are mental conceptions that can strongly influence the way we interpret the behavior of individuals belonging to a specific racial or ethnic group. A stereotype is most similar to:
Innate
Studies of the visual cliff have provided evidence that much of that perception is:
viral infection
Terry has not had a decent night of sleep in over a week. If this sleep deprivation continues, he will become increasingly susceptible to:
the cocktail party effect
The ability to pay attention to only one voice at a time is called
parallel processing
The ability to simultaneously process the pitch, loudness, melody, and meaning of a song best illustrates
people often experience sudden visual images during REM sleep.
The activation-synthesis theory best helps to explain why
people often experience sudden visual images during REM sleep
The activation-synthesis theory best helps to explain why:
iris
The amount of light entering the eye is regulated by the
brightness
The amplitude of electromagnetic waves determines the ________ of light
the optic nerve
The axons of ganglion cells converge to form
Children who have had a hemiphere surgically removed
The benefits of brain plasticity are most clearly demonstrated in
MRI
The best way to detect enlarged fluid-filled brain regions in some patients who have schizophrenia is to use a(n):
Stage 1 sleep
The brain waves associated with REM sleep are most similar to those of
plasticity
The capacity of one brain area to take over the functions of another damaged brain area is known as brain
Pet Scan
The concentration of glucose in active regions of the brain underlies the usefulness of
minimize sensory adaptation
The constant quivering movements of our eyes enable us to
association areas
The cortical regions that are not directly involved in sensory or motor
action potential
The depolarization of neural membrane can create a(n):
dissociation
The divided-consciousness theory of hypnosis states that hypnosis involves
the opponent-process theory
The fact that people who are colorblind to red and green may still see yellow is most easily explained by
90 minutes
The human sleep cycle repeats itself about every
Simplicity
The idea that people tend to group elements that combined to form a good figure ( goodness is largely a matter of simplicity, asserting that people tend to organize forms in the simplest way possible)
Relative height
The illusion that St. Louis Gateway arch appears taller than it is wide even though it's height and width are equal is based on her sensitivity to which monocular depth Cue
spinal cord
The knee-jerk reflex is controlled by inter neurons in the
narcolepsy
The lack of the neurotransmitter orexin has been linked to
delta waves
The large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep are called:
transduction
The local fire department sounds the 12 o'clock whistle. The process by which your ears convert the sound waves from the siren into neural impulses is an example of
breathing/walking
The medulla is to the control of _______ as the cerebellum is to control of ___________.
Linear perspective
The more two parallel lines converge, the farther away they are
association areas
The most extensive regions of the brain, which enable learning and memory, are called:
action potential
The movement of positively charged ions across the membrane of a neuron can produce a(n):
tolerance
The need to take larger and larger doses of a drug in order to experience its effects is an indication of
seeing/hearing
The occipital lobes are to ________ as the temperable lobes are to _______.
depth perception.
The organization of two-dimensional retinal images into three-dimensional perceptions is called
endocrine system
The ovaries of the females and the testes in males are part of the
Broca's Area
The part of the cerebral cortex that directs the muscle movements involved in speech is known as
Continuity
The principle of reflects peoples tendency to follow in whatever direction they are lead. Thus, people tend to connect points that result in straight or gentle curved lines that create smooth paths
Weber's law
The principle that two stimuli must differ by a constant proportion for their difference to be perceived is known as
association area
The region of your cerebral cortex that enables you to recognize a person as your own mother is:
Ecstasy
The release of stored serotonin and the eventual damage of serotonin-producing neurons is most closely associated with the long-term use of
behaviorism
The school of thought in psychology that systematically avoided the study of consciousness during the first half of the last century was:
touch
The sensory cortex is most critical for our sense of
Myelin sheath
The slowdown of neural communication in multiple sclerosis involves a degeneration of the:
synapse
The spatial conjunctions where impulses are chemically transmitted from one neuron to another are called:
Interpret sensory stimuli
The study of perception is primarily concerned with how we:
visual perception
The surgical removal of a large tumor from Dan's occipital lobe resulted in extensive loss of brain tissue. Dane is most likely to suffer some loss of:
Continuity
The tendency to organize stimuli into smooth, uninterrupted patterns is called:
The middle ear
The three small bones of the ear located in
Retinal disparity
The view of Olivia's left eye is slightly different than the view from her right eye. This is due to which depth cue?
Which of the following is true of psychics who have worked with police departments in an effort to solve difficult crimes?
They have reported visions that are no more accurate than guesses.
Proximity
Things that are near one another belong together
age regression.
Twenty-eight-year-old Theodore has an irrational fear of dogs. His therapist hypnotizes him and asks him to mentally relive his earliest childhood experience with a dog. The therapist is making use of
rods are more light-sensitive than cones
Under very dim levels of illumination
biopsychosocial
Understanding hypnosis in terms of focused attention, distinctive brain activity, and the presence of an authoritative presence in a legitimate context, requires an integrated ________ approach.
Giulio's bag of marbles is twice as heavy as Jim's. If it takes 5 extra marbles to make Jim's bag feel heavier, it will take 10 extra marbles to make Giulio's bag feel heavier. This best illustrates:
Weber's law
Perceptual set
What do we call the mental disposition that influences our interpretation of stimulus
Feature detectors
What do we call the specialize neurons in the optical lobes visual cortex that respond to particular edges, lines, angles, and movement
Cornea
What do you call the transparent, protective layer that light passes through as it was the I
Biological maturation, the context in which stimuli are perceived, expectations
What influences perception?
Conduction
What type of hearing loss is due to damage to the mechanism that transmits soundwaves to the Cochlea
change blindness
When Jason briefly turned to summon the waiter, his wife quickly switched her glass of red wine with his glass of white wine. Jason's failure to notice that his chosen wine had been replaced best illustrates
methamphetamine
When cocaine is injected or smoked, it produces a rush of euphoria that lasts 15 to 30 minutes. But the stimulant drug ________ can trigger 8 hours or so of heightened energy and euphoria.
melatonin
When light strikes the retina, it signals the suprachiasmatic nucleus to alter ________ production by the pineal gland.
muscular paralysis
When the release of ACh is blocked, the result is
signal detection theory
When you are expecting an incoming text message, you are much more likely to notice it the second it arrives. This best illustrates
rods and cones
Which cells for visual processing are located closest to the back of the retina?
Herrings opponent process theory
Which of the following explains reversed - color after images?
Drink a glass of wine 15 minutes before bedtime
Which of the following is bad advice for a person trying to overcome insomnia?
Surprise at hearing and Oklahoma cowboy speak with a British accent
Which of the following is produced by perceptual
cornea, iris, pupil, lens, retina
Which of the following is the correct order of structures light passes through in the eye?
feature detectors
Which of the following types of cells are located in the brain's occipital lobe?
dilation of the pupil
Which process allows more light to reach the periphery of the retina?
cones
Which receptor cells most directly enable us to distinguish different wavelengths of light?
reticular formation
Which region of your brainstem plays a role in arousing you to a state of alertness when someone nearby mentions your name?
frequency theory
Which theory best explains how we perceive low-pitched sounds?
signal detection theory
Which theory emphasizes that personal expectations and motivations influence the level of absolute thresholds?
Closure
You may complete figures that I actually have gaps and then because people often group elements to create a sense of completeness
selective attention
You typically fail to consciously perceive that your own nose is in your line of vision. This best illustrates
Perceptual schemas
Young children tend to draw human figures in a rather unrealistic way. This reflects there:
Thalamus
Your ability to experience the physical pleasure of a hot shower is most likely to be disrupted by damaged to your:
Short wavelength, large amplitude
Your best friend decides to paint a room and extremely bright blue. Which of the following best fits the physical properties of the colors lightwaves
cerebral cortex
Your conscious awareness of your own name and self-identity depends primarily on the normal functioning of your:
Size constancy
Your friend tosses you a frisbee. You know that is getting closer instead of larger because of:
Medulla
Your life would be most immediately threatened if you suffered destruction of the
Sierra, a 28-year-old heroin addict, is pregnant. Her baby will be born:
a heroin addict
Circadian rhythm
a pattern of biological functioning that occurs on a roughly 24-hour cycle
Drug Dependence
a person's use of drugs has led to the user experiencing uncontrollable and unpleasant mood states that in turn lead the user to use the drug compulsively despite the adverse consequences
When informed that a brief imperceptible message would be flashed repeatedly during a popular TV program, many viewers reported feeling strangely hungry or thirsty during the show. Since the imperceptible message had nothing to do with hunger or thirst, viewers' strange reactions best illustrate:
a placebo effect
When informed that a brief imperceptible message would be flashed repeatedly during a popular TV program, many viewers reported feeling strangely hungry or thirsty during the show. Since the imperceptible message had nothing to do with hunger or thirst, viewers' strange reactions best illustrate:
a placebo effect.
Alpha waves are associated with:
a relaxed but awake state
alpha waves are associated with:
a relaxed but awake state
kids choose peers who share their own attitudes and interests as their friends. This best illustrates;
a selection effect
79. Fluid intelligence refers most directly to a person's
ability to reason speedily abstractly
Although Manuel was sitting right next to his parents, he smelled a skunk minutes before they did. Apparently, Manuel has a lower ________ for skunk odor than his parents have.
absolute threshold
although Manuel was sitting right next to his parents, he smelled a skunk minutes before they did. Apparently, Manuel has a lower _______ for skunk odor than his parents.
absolute threshold
adjusting current schemas to make sense of new information is called:
accommodation
crystallized intelligence refers most directly to a person's:
accumulated knowledge and verbal skills
tests designed to assess what a person has learned are called _____ tests.
achievement
researchers condition a flatworm to contract its body to a light by repeatedly pairing the light with electric shock. The stage in which the flatworm's contraction response to light is established and gradually strengthened is called:
acquisition
50. A brief electrical charge that travels down the axon of a neuron is called the:
action potential
the depolarization of a neural membrane can create a(n):
action potential
cultural diversity best illustrates our:
adaptive capacities
With respect to the controversy regarding reports of repressed memories of sexual abuse, statements by major psychological and psychiatric associations suggest that:
adult memories of experiences happening before age 3 are unreliable.
28 year old Theodore has an irrational fear of dogs. His therapists hypnotizes him and asks him to mentally relive his earliest childhood experience with a dog. The therapist is making use of:
age regression
Twenty-eight-year-old Theodore has an irrational fear of dogs. His therapist hypnotizes him and asks him to mentally relive his earliest childhood experience with a dog. The therapist is making use of:
age regression
Under hypnosis, Mrs. Mohammed is encouraged by her therapist to vividly experience and describe the details of an argument she had with her father when she was a child. The therapist is employing a technique called:
age regression
23. Social norms have been found to:
all of the above -Facilitates smooth social interaction -vary from 1 culture to another - Free people from uncertainly a lot how the should behave
45. Increasing the intensity of a stimulus above the threshold will not similarly increase the intensity of a neural response to that stimulus. This highlights the nature of the:
all-or-none response
Brightness is to light as ________ is to sound.
amplitude
43. In Psychology, "behavior" is defined as:
any action that can be seen and rewarded
the belief that weather conditions signal the onset of arthritis pain best illustrates:
an illusory correlation
it is characteristic of robins to build nests. This is an example of:
an instinct
The phenomenon of color constancy best demonstrates that:
an object's perceived color is influenced by its surrounding objects.
researchers have discovered that 'cyber-ostracism' by strangers elicits increased activity in the:
anterior cingulated cortex
3. Although identical twins have been shown to have some amazing psychological similarities, one should be cautious about attributing these similarities to genetic factors because:
any 2 strangers are likely to share a string of coincidental similarites
Although identical twins have been shown to have some amazing psychological similarities, one should be cautious about attributing these similarities to genetic factors because:
any two strangers are likely to share a string of coincidental similarities.
a test of your capacity to learn to be an automobile mechanic would be considered a ___ test.
aptitude
Human factors psychologists may use a technique called, "natural mapping," which is:
arranging controls to make them easier to understand
54. The process of anticipating that you will be punished for misbehaving takes place within the: (association area) all that part of the brain not controlling muscles or noticing sensation
association areas
62. The portions of the brain not directly related to sensory or motor function are known as
association areas
the cortical regions that are not directly involved in sensory or motor functions are known as
association areas
74. Foster care that moves a young child through a series of foster families is most likely to result in the disruption of
attatchment
many people overestimate how long they actually remain awake during restless nights because their moments of wakefulness are easier to recall than their moments of sleep. This best illustrates the impact of:
availability heuristic
the part of a neuron that transmits neural messages to other neurons or to muscles or glands is called:
axon
Sheila is more fearful of loneliness than of remaining in a physically abusive relationship with her boyfriend. This best illustrates the potentially harmful impact of ___ needs
belongingness
the earliest stage of speech development is called the ____ stage
babbling
40. Contemporary psychology is best defined as the science of:
behavior & mental processes
professor Seif conducts research on the relationship between the limbic system and sexual motivation. Her research interests best represent the psychological specialty known as:
behaviorism
encouraging people to elaborate on why their own personal views on an issue are correct is most likely to promote:
belief perseverance
the value of generating positive first impressions in your initial interactions with a new employer is best underscored by the research on:
belief perseverance
it is easier to train a dog to bark for food rather than to train it to stand on its hind legs for food. This best illustrates the importance of ____ in learning.
biological predisposition
Those who emphasize that mood fluctuations may be indicative of seasonal affective disorder are highlighting the importance of:
biological rhythms
research on nonverbal communication indicates that:
blind children who have never observed others demonstrate normal facial expressions of emotion
The area of the retina where the optic nerve leaves the eye is called the:
blind spot
Ms. Shields, a recent stroke victim, cannot consciously perceive the large book on the coffee table in front of her. Yet, when urged to identify the book, she correctly reads aloud the printed title on the book cover. Her response best illustrates:
blindsight
55. Endocrine glands secrete hormones directly into:
bloodstream
the sequence of brain regions from the evolutionary oldest to newest is:
brainstem, limbic system, cerebral cortex
a tv producer believes that violent tv programs provide viewers an opportunity to reduce their own anger through fantasy. The producer appears to accept:
catharsis hypothesis
While a student provided directions to a construction worker, two experimenters rudely interrupted by passing between them carrying a door. The student's failure to notice that the construction worker was replaced by a different person during this interruption illustrates:
change blindness
22. The threadlike structures that contain genes are called:
chromosomes
the threadlike structures that contain genes are called:
chromosomes
the letters Y M O M R E are presented. Jill remembers them by rearranging them to spell the word M E M O R Y. This provides an illustration of:
chunking
the use of acronyms to improve one's memory of unfamiliar material best illustrates the value of:
chunking
research on taste aversion in rats led to the discovery that suppression of the immune system can be influenced by:
classical conditioning
Because of motion parallax, when you are moving and fixate on something in the distance:
closer objects appear to be moving in the opposite direction
The perceptual tendency to fill in gaps in order to perceive disconnected parts as a whole object is called:
closure
A brief 15- to 30-minute rush of euphoria followed by a crash of agitated depression is most closely associated with the use of:
cocaine
97. The coiled, fluid-filled tube in which sound waves trigger nerve impulses is called the:
cochlea
the coiled, fluid-filled tube in which sound waves trigger nerve impulses
cochlea
the predictability rather than the frequency of CS-US associations appears to be crucial for classical conditioning. This highlights the importance of ____ in conditioning.
cognitive processes
Professor Thompson's research focuses on the impact of prototype on the speed of object recognition and identification. Which specialty area does this research best represent?
cognitive psychology
when Mr. Thompson lived overseas for a year, he was very surprised at how much respect he received from people simply because he was an elderly person. His sense of surprise suggests that he had not previously lived in a culture characterized by:
collectivism
slender women are considered especially beautiful in one country; in another country, stout women are seen as particularly attractive. In both countries, however, women perceived as very beautiful receive preferential treatment. This best illustrates that ______ often underlie cultural differences.
common psychological processes
111. A cochlear implant would be most helpful for those who suffer:
conduction
76. Five-year-old Tammy mistakenly believes that her short, wide glass contains less soda than her brother's tall, narrow glass. Actually, both glasses contain the same amount of soda. This illustrates that Tammy lacks the concept of
conservation
Dave was listening to sad music when he heard the word, "morning," which he mistook for, "mourning." He was influenced by:
context effect
It wasn't until Clara heard some of her classmates laughing loudly during history class that she began to perceive the professor's ongoing lecture to be very funny. This provides an illustration of:
context effects
When Helen noticed that her classmates were all wearing expensive designer jeans, she suddenly perceived her own offbrand jeans to be very unattractive. This best illustrates the importance of:
context effects
numerous pedestrians calmly walked past an elderly gentleman lying on a city sidewalk without showing any concern. As a consequence, other passersby failed to perceive that the man was in need of immediate medical assistance. This best illustrates the importance of:
context effects
the perceived lightness of an object depends on relative luminance. This provides an illustration of:
context effects
The tendency to see all the individual spokes in a bicycle wheel as part of a larger single unit best illustrates the principle of:
continuity
We see this as two figures together rather than as many curved and straight lines because of the rule of:
continuity
The perception of the letter "t" as two intersecting lines rather than as four nonintersecting lines illustrates the principle of:
continuity.
in an experiment designed to study the effectiveness of a new drug, research participants who receive a placebo are participating in the ____ condition
control
All of the following are monocular cues of depth perception except: A) motion parallax. B) linear perspective. C) convergence. D) relative height. E) texture gradient.
convergence
information is most quickly transmitted from one cerebral hemisphere to the other by the:
corpus callosum
split-brain patients have had their _____ cut
corpus callosum
robert sternberg distinguished among analytical practical, and ____ intelligence
creative
The Müller-Lyer illusion is caused by:
cultural experience
Drug Tolerance
decreased susceptibility (same as decreased response) to a given amount of a drug as a result of previous exposure
habituation refers to the:
decreasing responsiveness to a stimulus to which one is repeatedly exposed
4. Jason was born with cataracts in both eyes. Even though they were removed when he was 5, his lack of visual experiences during early childhood makes it likely that he has experienced:
degeneration of neural connection in visual receptor areas of the brain
Plato's belief that death involves the separation of the mind from the body is known as:
delta waves
The large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep are called:
delta waves
The organization of two-dimensional retinal images into three-dimensional perceptions is called:
depth perception
The visual cliff is a laboratory device for testing ________ in infants.
depth perception
Relative Clarity helps us to determine ___ because:
depth; distant objects appear hazy
113. Weber's law is relevant to an understanding of:
difference thresholds
Weber's law is relevant to an understanding of:
difference thresholds
Sensory adaptation
diminishing sensitivity to an unchanging stimulus
a correlation coefficient is a measure of the:
direction and strength of the relationship between two variables
increased activity in the right prefrontal cortex is to _____ as increased activity in the left frontal lobe is to ____
disgust; joy
The divided-consciousness theory of hypnosis states that hypnosis involves:
dissociation
85. The perceived size of an object is most strongly influenced by that object's perceived
distance
112. If Jared watches a nurse give him an injection, he experiences more pain than if he closes his eyes during the procedure and thinks about his favorite food. This illustrates the value of ________ for pain control.
distraction
smokers and nonsmokers have been found to differ in a gene that influences responses to:
dopamine
One theory suggests that the brain activity associated with ________ is helpful for developing and preserving neural pathways in the brain.
dreaming
Three hours after going to sleep, Shoshanna's heart rate increases, her breathing becomes more rapid, and her eyes move rapidly under her closed lids. Research suggests that Shoshanna is:
dreaming
for a thirsty person, drinking water serves to reduce:
drive
Plato's belief that death involves the separation of the mind from the body is known as:
dualism
The belief that death involves the liberation of the soul from a bodily prison illustrates:
dualism
By 1960, the study of consciousness had been revived by psychologists' renewed interest in:
mental processes
For a moment after hearing his dog's high-pitched bark, Mr. Silvers has a vivid auditory impression of the dog's yelp. His experience most clearly illustrates _____ memory
echoic
Which of the following is an amphetamine derivative that acts as a mild hallucinogen?
ecstasy
Although Mr. Tong was obviously busy reading an absorbing novel, his 5-year-old daughter kept interrupting him with comments and questions about the TV cartoons she was watching. Before Mr. Tong becomes irritated with his daughter for being inconsiderate, he should be alerted to Piaget's concept of:
egocentrism
20. An infant's temperament refers most directly to its:
emotional excitability
the ability to control one's impulses and delay immediate pleasures in pursuit of long term goals is most clearly a characteristic of:
emotional intelligence
our inability to remember information presented in the seconds just before we fall asleep is most likely due to:
encoding failure
57. Hormones are the chemical messengers of the:
endocrine system
opiate drugs occupy the same receptor sites as:
endorphins
in order to exercise maximum control over the factors they are interested in studying, researchers engage in:
experimentation
58. Neurosurgeons have severed the corpus callosum in human patients in order to reduce:
eplieptic seizure
31. Professor Smith believes that most women prefer tall and physically strong partners because this preference enhanced the survival of our ancestors' genes. This viewpoint best illustrates the_______________ perspective.
evolutionary
Professor Assad suggested that a cautious attitude toward sexual encounters has proven to be more reproductively advantageous to women than to men because the birth process is time-consuming. This suggestion best illustrates the logic of a(n) ____ theory of sexual behavior?
evolutionary
The false consensus effect refers to the tendency to:
exaggerate the extent to which others agree with us
26. The hindsight bias refers to people's tendency to:
exaggerate their ability to have foreseen the outcome of past events
the hindsight bias refers to people's tendency to:
exaggerate their ability to have foreseen the outcome of past events
Binet and Terman would have been most likely to disagree about the:
extent to which intelligence is determined by heredity
According to B.F. Skinner, human behavior is controlled primarily by:
external influences
Clairvoyance
extrasensory perception of events that occur at places remote to the perceiver
Telepathy
extrasensory transmission of thoughts from one mind to another
the most unambiguous nonverbal clue to our specific emotional state is provided by our:
facial muscles
32. Psychological differences between the genders are:
far outweighed by gender similarities
If we assume that two objects are similar in size, the one that casts the smaller retinal image is assumed to be:
farther away
87. One of the ways we perceive images is by organizing stimuli into an object seen against its surroundings. What is this perceptual tendency called?
figure ground
91. The cocktail party effect is your ability to selectively attend to one voice among many. This ability also illustrates the Gestalt principle of
figure ground
We sometimes reverse images because of changes in the relationship of:
figure-ground
A floating sea vessel is to the ocean water as ________ is to ________.
figure; ground
the inability to take a new perspective on a problem is called:
fixation
A completely focused state of consciousness resulting from optimal engagement of one's skills is called:
flow
cochlea
fluid-filled tube in which sound waves trigger nerve impulses
fourteen-year-old Lisa was asked, "what would happen if everyone in the world suddenly went blind?" she responded, "those who had been previously blind would become leaders." Lisa's answer indicates she is in the _____ stage of development
formal operational
consumers respond more positively to ground beef advertised as 75% fat free rather than 25% fat. this illustrates that the consumer reactions are influenced by:
framing
on monday, the meteorologist forecast a 20 percent chance of rain, so Sheryl took her umbrella to work. On Friday, he reported an 80 percent chance that it wouldn't rain, so Sheryl left her umbrella home. Sheryl's behavior illustrates the impact of:
framing effect
the tendency to think of objects only in terms of their normal uses is called?
functional fixedness
visual information is processed by:
ganglion cells before it is processed by feature detectors
Visual information is processed by:
ganglion cells before it is processed by feature detectors.
78. The tendency to classify various occupations as masculine or feminine has often led men and women to limit themselves to an unnecessarily restricted range of career options. This best illustrates the impact of
gender schemas
15. Six-year-old Jennifer believes that men become doctors and women become nurses. Clearly, Jennifer is already acquiring a knowledge of traditional:
gender schemes
children's tendency to classify toys and songs as either masculine or feminine is most likely to facilitate the process of:
gender-typing
Toddlers taught to fear speeding cars may also begin to fear speeding trucks and motorcycles. This best illustrates:
generalization
the tendency for a CR to be evoked by stimuli similar to the CS is called:
generalization
research on left-handedness suggests that:
genes or prenatal factors play a role in handedness
Who emphasized that the whole may exceed the sum of its parts?
gestalt psychologists
6. Evolutionary psychologists attribute gender differences in attitudes toward casual sex to the fact that men have ________ than do women.
greater reproductive potential
102. When most people stare at a red square and then shift their eyes to a white surface, the afterimage of the square is:
green
When most people stare at a red square and then shift their eyes to a white surface, the afterimage of the square is:
green
when most people stare at a red square and then shift their eyes to a white surface, the afterimage square is:
green
According to the opponentprocess theory, cells that are stimulated by exposure to:
green light are inhibited by exposure to red light.
Perceptual adaptation refers to the:
grouping of stimuli into smooth, uninterrupted patterns.
Killing one person in order to save five by throwing a switch that diverts a runaway trolley is judged as more morally acceptable than killing one person in order to save five by pushing a stranger directly into the path of the oncoming trolley. This best illustrates that moral judgments may reflect:
gut-level intuitions
in order to test whether newborns can visually discriminate between various shapes and colors, psychologists have made use of the process of:
habituation
the best evidence that 4 month old infants possess visual memory capabilities comes from research on:
habituation
Cones and rods are to vision as ________ are to audition.
hair cells
LSD is most likely to produce:
hallucinations
Sensory experiences that occur without a sensory stimulus are called:
hallucinations
typically occur during Stage 4 sleep.
hallucinations
96. Rebecca was born with cataracts that were not surgically removed until she was 3 years old. As a result, Rebecca is most likely to
have inadequate neural connections in her visual cortex
After sleeping for about an hour and a half, José enters a phase of paradoxical sleep. He is likely to:
have very relaxed muscles
Gender differences in heritable personality traits cannot necessarily be attributed to male-female genetic differences because:
heritable traits can be influenced by social environments.
the average difference in intellectual aptitude scores of white and black college graduates has been observed to be the greatest when these individuals are:
high school juniors
7. Those who suggest that our choices today shape tomorrow's possibilities are emphasizing the importance of:
human responsibility
29. Carl Rogers and Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow are associated with _________ psychology
humanistic
Advocates of the social influence theory of hypnosis are likely to argue that:
hypnotized people are simply enacting the role of good hypnotic subjects.
65. Olds and Milner located "pleasure centers" in the brain structure known as the:
hypothalamus
by presenting research participants with three rows of three letters each for only a fraction of second, Sperling demonstrated that people have ____ memory.
iconic
according to Erikson, committing oneself to meaningful social roles would be most indicative of the acheivement of:
identity
36. Karen dreamed that a handsome young man she had met the previous day asked her for a date. When he actually did call for a date several days later, Karen concluded that dreams accurately predict future events. Her belief best illustrates:
illusory correlation
logan is an unsuccessful businessman who feels little satisfaction with life. In order to increase his subjective wellbeing, logan should:
imagine what his life might be like if he were suffering from a fatal disease
in one experiment, most of the participants who viewed a videotape of men tossing a basketball remained unaware of an umbrella-toting woman sauntering across the screen. This illustrates:
inattentional blindness
the influence of personal and cultural experience on our wants and desires can more clearly be seen in the influence of ____ on motivation
incentives
One of the immediate effects of Ecstasy is
increased appetite
by insisting that humans are 'nothing but' products of nature and nurture, we run the greatest risk of undermining:
individual responsibility
babies who are unable to predict how their parents will react to their cries for care and attention are especially likely to show signs of:
insecure attachment
70. Abner, a 70-year-old retired teacher, feels that his life has not been of any real value or significance. According to Erikson, Abner has failed to achieve a sense of
integrity
13. The unique temperaments of children evoke predictable responses from their caregivers. This best illustrates the ________ of nature and nurture.
interaction
have always responded so positively to Alyssa's good looks that she has developed a socially confident and outgoing personality. This best illustrates the:
interaction of nature and nurture
which of the following is a cue used by artists to convey depth on a flat canvas?
interposition
using rewards to bribe people to engage in an activity they already enjoy is most likely to inhibit:
intrinsic motivation
69. The best predictor of a couple's marital satisfaction is the
is the ratio of their positive and negative interactions with each other
We perceive the moon on the horizon as being larger than when it is overhead because:
it seems farther away on the horizon
Nikolaus, a high school junior, is on both the track and golf team. How will a high level of physiological arousal affect his running the 100-meter dash and his accuracy in making long putts in a golf game?
it will enhance his running and will interfere with his putting
109. With her eyes closed, Sierra can accurately touch her mouth, nose, and chin with her index finger. Sierra's accuracy illustrates the importance of:
kinesthesis
59. Severing a cat's reticular formation from higher brain regions causes the cat to:
lapse into a coma
Kamil, a 33 year old lawyer, experiences premature ejaculation. Research suggests that his disorder can be minimized by:
learning ways to control his urge to ejaculate.
compared to identical twins, fraternal twins are:
less likely to be the same sex and less likely to be similar in extraversion
compared to gay men, lesbian women are?
less likely to engage in promiscuous sex and more likely to enter into a committed long-term love relationship.
42. Seven members of a Girl Scout troop report the following individual earnings from their sale of candy: $4, $1, $7, $6, $8, $2, and $7. In this distribution of individual earnings, the mean is ________ the mode and ________ the median.
less,less
18. Evolutionary psychologists suggest that when compared to women, men are ________ concerned with maintaining a youthful appearance and ________ concerned with achieving social power.
less,more
A floating sea vessel is to the ocean water as ________ is to ________.
light and shadow; relative height
83. The convergence of parallel lines provides the distance cue known as
linear perspective
The convergence of parallel lines provides the distance cue known as:
linear perspective
The apparent narrowing of a river as it flows directly away from you into the distance best illustrates the depth cue known as:
linear perspective.
110. Cocking your head would be most useful for detecting the ______ of a sound
location
Cocking your head would be most useful for detecting the ______ of a sound.
location
after hamsters learned whether to turn right or left in a maze in order to find food, their body temperature was lowered until the electrical activity in their brains ceased. When the hamsters were revived, they still remembered what they had learned before the 'blackout'. The hamsters' directional memory was apparently a ____ memory
long-term
Psychics who claim to be clairvoyant are able to:
make many guesses, some of which may be true
As Inge recalled her dream, she was dancing with a tall, dark gentleman when suddenly the music shifted to loud rock and the man disappeared. According to Freud, Inge's account represents the ________ content of her dream.
manifest
Freud called the remembered story line of a dream its _____ content.
manifest
Freud called the remembered story line of a dream its ________ content.
manifest
THC, the active ingredient in _____, is classified as a _____.
marijuana; hallucinogen
THC, the active ingredient in ________, is classified as a ________.
marijuana; hallucinogen
Biological growth processes that are relatively uninfluenced by experience and that enable orderly changes in behavior are referred to as:
maturation
the first ejaculation is to an adolescent boy as _____ is to an adolescent girl
menarche
by 1960, the study of consciousness had been revived by psychologists' renewed interest in:
mental processes
sound wave vibrations are transmitted by three tiny bones located in the:
middle ear
Bandura's experiments indicate that _____ is important in the process of learning.
modeling
Jeremy wears his baseball cap backwards because he noticed his older brother does so. This illustrates the importance of:
modeling
the tendency for children to imitate behaviors seen on tv best illustrates the importance of:
modeling
in the words 'lightly', 'shortly' and 'neatly', the 'ly' ending is a:
morpheme
the smallest speech units that carry meaning are called:
morphemes
when male and female students research assistants at FSU sexually propositioned an attractive person of the opposite sex, their invitations were accepted by:
most men but virtually no women
When watching a movie, we see the actors as moving because:
motion is constructed in our heads
a random error in gene replication is known as a:
mutation
53. The speed at which a neural impulse travels is increased when the axon is encased by a(n):
myelin sheath
Which of the following sleep disorders would be the most incapacitating for a commercial bus driver?
narcolepsy
11. If a genetically based attraction to beautiful people contributes to survival, that trait will likely be passed on to subsequent generations. This best illustrates:
natural selection
if a genetically based attraction to beautiful people contributes to survival, that trait will likely be passed on to subsequent generations. This best illustrates:
natural selection
27. Psychologists who carefully watch the behavior of chimpanzees in the jungle without interacting with them are using a research method known as:
naturalistic observation
maturation is to education as _____ is to ______
nature; nurture
lack of body fluids is to cold water as ____ is to ____
need;incentive
47. The strengthening of synaptic connections facilitates the formation of
neural networks
people can simultaneously process many aspects of sensory information such as color, shape, and size. This best illustrates the functioning of multiple:
neural networks
the strengthening of synaptic connections facilitates the formation of:
neural networks
44. Dendrites are branching extensions of:
neurons
37. Professor Evans believes that severe depression results primarily from an imbalanced diet and abnormal blood chemistry. Professor Evans favors a ________ perspective on depression.
neurosclence
Which of the following drugs is classified as a stimulant?
nicotine
25. Coile and Miller's analysis of animal research published during a 5-year period in American Psychological Association journals revealed that psychologists treated animals by...:
none of the above
during a state of emotional arousal, the adrenal glands release ____ into the bloodstream
norepinephrine
a bell-shaped curve that characterizes a large sample of intelligence test scoresis a graphic representation of:
normal distribution
39. When you read a bar graph, it is most important for you to:
note the range size of the scale values
rats easily learn to associate nausea-producing radiation treatments with:
novel tastes
14. Genes are composed of:
nucleotides
in experiments with adult monkeys who were fearful of snakes and their offspring who were not, Susan Mineka discovered that the younger monkeys developed a fear of snakes through the process of
observational learning
without any explicit training from adults, many 8 year old children know how to turn the ignition key in order to start their parent's cars. This best illustrates the importance of:
observational learning
Unconscious information processing is more likely than conscious processing to:
occur simultaneously on several parallel dimensions
unconscious information processing is more likely than conscious processing to:
occur simultaneously on several parallel dimensions
Unconscious information processing is more likely than conscious processing to:
occur simultaneously on several parallel dimensions.
Research indicates that memories retrieved during hypnosis are:
often a combination of fact and fiction.
Which of the following would play a role in quickly alerting you to a gas leak in your home?
olfactory receptors
at 17 months of age, Julie says 'wada' whenever she wants a drink of water. Julie is most likely in the ____ stage of language development.
one-word
at the age of 15 months, Anita repeatedly cried "hoy" when she wants her mother to hold her.Anita is most likely in the ______ stage of language development.
one-word
compared with apartment dwellers whose landlords pay their electricity costs, those apartment dwellers who pay their own electric bills use less electricity. This most clearly illustrates that consumer electricity usage is influenced by:
operant conditioning
seals in an aquarium will repeat behaviors, such as slapping and barking, that prompt people to toss them a herring. This best illlustrates:
operant conditioning
Morphine ad heroin are
opiates
A gestalt is best described as a(n):
organized whole
Consciousness is:
our awareness of ourselves and our environment
consciousness is
our awareness of ourselves and our environment.
33. Jamie and Lynn were sure that they had answered most of the multiple-choice questions correctly because "they simply required common sense." However, they each received a 60% on the exam. This best illustrates:
overconfidence
although steve was certain that he answered between 70 and 80 items correctly on his biology test, he actually was right on only 55. Steve's misjudgment of his test performance illustrates:
overconfidence
104. The human ability to speedily recognize familiar objects best illustrates the value of:
parallel process
107. The ability to simultaneously recognize the color, shape, size, and speed of an oncoming automobile best illustrates:
parallel processing
The ability to simultaneously recognize the color, shape, size, and speed of an oncoming automobile best illustrates:
parallel processing
The activation-synthesis theory best helps to explain why:
people often experience sudden visual images during REM sleep
The activation-synthesis theory best helps to explain why:
people often experience sudden visual images during REM sleep.
114. Damage to the temporal lobe region of the brain essential for facial recognition produces a loss of
perception
Damage to the temporal lobe region of the brain essential for facial recognition produces a loss of:
perception
damage to the temporal lobe region of the brain essential for facial recognition produces a loss of:
perception
93. ESP refers to
perception that occurs apart from sensory input
ESP
perception that occurs apart from sensory input
89. Although he was wearing a pair of glasses that shifted the apparent location of objects 20 degrees to his right, Lars was still able to play tennis very effectively. This best illustrates the value of
perceptual adaptation
the impact of experience on perception is most clearly illustrated by:
perceptual adaptation
The impact of experience on perception is most clearly illustrated by:
perceptual adaption
86. After watching a scary television movie, Julie perceived the noise of the wind rattling her front windows as the sound of a burglar breaking into her house. Her mistaken interpretation best illustrates the influence of
perceptual set
92. Stereotypes are mental conceptions that can strongly influence the way we interpret the behaviors of individuals belonging to specific racial or ethnic groups. A stereotype is most similar to
perceptual set
Stereotypes are mental conceptions that can strongly influence the way we interpret the behaviors of individuals belonging to specific racial or ethnic groups. A stereotype is most similar to a:
perceptual set
When we expect to see something because of prior learning experiences, such as seeing clouds as UFO's, it is because of:
perceptual set
after watching a scary tv movie, Julie perceived the noise of the wind rattling her front windows as the sound of a burglar breaking into her house. Her mistaken interpretation best illustrates the influence of:
perceptual set
motor neurons are an important part of the:
peripheral nervous system
cross-cultural research on human development indicates that:
person to person differences within cultural groups are larger than differences between groups
17. Even though there are many unoccupied chairs in the library study area, Wang chooses to sit in a chair right next to Annest. Annest is most likely to feel uncomfortable because Wang has violated her:
personal space
even though many chairs in the library study area are unoccupied, Wang chooses to sit right next to Annest. Annest is most likely to feel uncomfortable because Wang has violated her:
personal space
When two or more lights blink on and off in quick succession, it gives the appearance of movement. This is called the:
phi phenomenon
the nineteenth-century theory that bumps on the skull reveal a person's abilities and traits is called
phrenology
Which of the following provides the clearest indication of a drug addiction?
physical dependence
unpleasant withdrawal symptoms are indicative of:
physical dependence
Unpleasant withdrawal symptoms are indicative of:
physical dependence.
Deep sleep appears to play an important role in:
physical growth
Deep sleep appears to play an important role in:
physical growth.
the volley principle is most directly relevant to our perception of:
pitch
64. At the age of 22, Mrs. LaBlanc was less than 4 feet tall. Her short stature was probably influenced by the lack of a growth hormone produced by the:
pituitary gland
After a small section of his basilar membrane was damaged, Jason experienced a noticeable loss of hearing for high-pitched sounds only. Jason's hearing loss is best explained by the ________ theory.
place
63. After Greg's serious motorcycle accident, doctors detected damage to his cerebellum. Greg is most likely to have difficulty
playing his guitar
56. Sensory neurons are an important part of the:
pns
Which of the following is true of positive and negative reinforcers?
positive reinforcers increase the rate of operant responding, negative reinforcers increase the rate of operant responding
Just prior to awakening Chinua from a hypnotic state, the therapist told him that during the next few days he would feel nauseous whenever he reached for a cigarette. Chinua's therapist was attempting to make use of:
posthypnotic suggestion
Just prior to awakening Chinua from a hypnotic state, the therapist told him that during the next few days he would feel nauseous whenever he reached for a cigarette. Chinua's therapist was attempting to make use of:
posthypnotic suggestion.
75. Henry disapproves of stealing jelly beans from his sister's Easter basket because he thinks his mother will spank him if he does. Henry best represents a ________ morality.
preconventional
68. Avoiding physical punishment is to ________ morality as respecting the laws of society is to ________ morality.
preconventional,conventional
avoiding physical punishment is to ______ morality as respecting the laws of society is to ______ morality
preconventional; conventional
The removal of electric shock is to the receipt of good grades as ____ is to _____
primary reinforcer; conditioned reinforcer
Watching a tv soap opera involving marital conflict and divorce led Andrea to recall several instances in which her husband had mistreated her. The effect of the tv program on Andrea's recall provides an example of:
priming
shortly after you see a missing child poster, you are more likely to interpret an ambiguous adult-child interaction as a possible kidnapping. This best illustrates the impact of:
priming
Accommodation
process by which the lens changes shape to focus images on the retina
Evolutionary psychologists are most likely to be criticized for:
providing hindsight explanations for human behaviors.
The perceptual tendency to group together stimuli that are near each other is called:
proximity
the perceptual tendency to group together stimuli that are near each other is called:
proximity
the adjustable opening in the center of the eye
pupil
to assess the effect of televised violence on aggression, researchers plan to expose one group of children to violent movie scenes and another group to nonviolent scenes. In order to reduce the chance that the children in one group have more aggressive personalities than those in the other group, the researchers should make use of:
random assignment
which technique most clearly minimizes the likelihood that any outcome differences between the experimental and control conditions can be attributed to age or personality differences in research participants?
random assignment
to assess mental age, Binet and Simon measured children's:
reasoning skills
low-pitched sounds are to high-pitched sounds as ___ colors are to _____ colors.
red; blue
drug tolerance refers to the
reduced effect of a drug resulting from its regular usage.
drug tolerance refers to the:
reduced effect of a drug resulting from its regular use
After drinking three cans of beer, Akiva felt less guilty about the way he mistreated his wife and children. Akiva's reduced guilt most likely resulted from the fact that his alcohol consumption has:
reduced his self- awareness
the time span after orgasm during which male cannot be aroused to another orgasm is called?
refractory period
studies of marijuana's effects indicate that:
regular users may achieve a high with less of the drug than occasional users
Although the mountains were over 30 miles away, the morning sky was so clear that Showana thought they were only half the distance away. This best illustrates the importance of:
relative clarity
In order to give greater depth to his painting, Shakir enveloped the background landscape in a misty haze. Shakir was making use of the distance cue known as:
relative clarity
The St. Louis arch appears taller than it is wide. This is due to:
relative height
Lightness constancy is most clearly facilitated by:
relative luminance
researchers assess the correlation between scores obtained on alternate forms of the same test in order to measure the ____ of the test
reliability
the high positive correlations between scores received on comparable sections of the SAT and GRE provide evidence for the ___ of these test scores.
reliability
38. Which technique involves repeating the essence of an earlier research study with different subjects and in different circumstances?
replication
12. Evolutionary psychology is most relevant to an understanding of how behavior contributes to:
reproductive success
the selective permeability of a neural membrane creates a(n):
resting potential
Bipolar cells are located in the:
retina
Holding two index fingers in front of the eyes can create the perception of a floating finger sausage. This best illustrates the effect of:
retinal disparity
95. We compute motion based on the assumption that shrinking objects are
retreating
although Yusef was having difficulty recalling the capital of the Netherlands, he quickly and correctly identified it after being given a list of cities in the Netherlands. Yusef's initial inability to recall the answer was due to a failure of:
retrieval
mood-congruent memory refers to the effect of emotional states on the process of:
retrieval
Sigmund Freud emphasized that the forgetting of painful experiences is caused by a process that involves:
retrieval failure
children's intelligence test scores tend to:
rise during the school year and fall during the summer months
67. A concept or framework that organizes and interprets information is called a(n)
schema
Young children tend to draw human figures in a rather unrealistic way. This reflects their:
schemas
one-year-old Eunice is not overly fearful of strangers but she clearly prefers being held by her mother than anyone else. Her behavior best illustrates:
secure attachment
77. Providing children with a safe haven in times of stress contributes most directly to
secure attatchment
A bank teller was so distracted by the sight of a bank robber's weapon that she failed to perceive important features of the criminal's physical appearance. This best illustrates
selective attention
Felix was so preoccupied with his girlfriend's good looks that he failed to perceive any of her less admirable characteristics. This best illustrates the dangers of:
selective attention
the cocktail party effect provides an example of:
selective attention
You typically fail to consciously perceive that your own nose is in your line of vision. This best illustrates:
selective attention!
The cocktail party effect provides an example of:
selective attention.
8. Dmitry Belyaev and Lyudmilla Trut successfully domesticated wild foxes by means of:
selective mating
Alcohol consumption is least likely to make people more:
self- conscious
72. Researchers have sneakily dabbed rouge on young children's noses in order to study the developmental beginnings of
self-awareness
Alcohol consumption is least likely to make people more
self-conscious
Alcohol consumption is least likely to make people more:
self-conscious
alcohol consumption is least likely to make people more:
self-conscious
Children can better remmeber an ancient Latin verse if the definition of each unfamiliar Latin word is carefully explained to them. This best illustrates ____ memory
semantic encoding
Which of the following play the biggest role in our feeling dizzy and unbalanced after a thrilling roller coaster ride?
semicircular canals
The detection and encoding of stimulus energies by the nervous system is called:
sensation
hearing a sequence of sounds of different pitches is to ______ as recognizing the sound sequences as a familiar melody is to _____
sensation; perception
98. Diminished sensitivity to an unchanging stimulus is known as:
sensory adaptation
After listening to your high-volume car stereo for 15 minutes, you fail to realize how loudly the music is blasting. This best illustrates:
sensory adaption
99. Phantom limb sensations best illustrate that pain can be experienced in the absence of
sensory input
103. With her eyes closed and her nose plugged, Chandra was unable to taste the difference between an onion and a pear. Her experience best illustrates the importance of:
sensory interaction
106. The McGurk effect best illustrates:
sensory interaction
With her eyes closed and her nose plugged, Chandra was unable to taste the difference between an onion and a pear. Her experience best illustrates the importance of:
sensory interaction
The green-colored ham and eggs had such a strange appearance that they tasted terrible to Sam. This illustrates the importance of:
sensory interaction.
52. In order for you to experience the pain of a sprained ankle, ________ must first relay messages from your ankle to your central nervous system.
sensory neurons
Consciousness is to unconsciousness as ________ is to ________.
serial processing; parallel processing
Isaac, a 25 year old law student, is heterosexual: his brother Chaim, a 21 year old college senior is homoesexual. The brothers obviously differ in their:
sexual orientation
Even though a door may reflect quite a different retinal image when it is open than when it is closed, we still see it as the same, rectangular door because of:
shape constancy
Although college textbooks frequently cast a trapezoidal image on the retina, students typically perceive the books as rectangular objects. This illustrates the importance of:
shape constancy.
108. An exhausted forest ranger may notice the faintest scent of a forest fire, whereas much stronger but less important odors fail to catch her attention. This fact would be of greatest relevance to:
signal detection theory
Almost half the birds in the yard were brown cardinals and the rest were bright red cardinals, so Jimmy perceived them as two distinct groups of birds. This best illustrates the principle of:
similarity
Because the two teams wore different-colored uniforms, Cheri perceived the ten basketball players as two distinct groups. This best illustrates the principle of:
similarity
because the two teams wore different colored uniforms, Cheri perceived the ten basketball players as two distinct groups. This best illustrates the principle of:
similarity
90. As the retinal image of a horse galloping toward you becomes larger, it is unlikely that the horse will appear to grow larger. This best illustrates the phenomenon of
size constancy
As Sherod walked away from the camera, the image of his body filled a smaller area of the television screen. Nevertheless, viewers did not perceive Sherod as suddenly shrinking. This illustrates:
size constancy
as Sherod walked away from the camera, the image of his body filler a smaller area of the television screen. Nevertheless, viewers did not perceive Sherod as suddenly shrinking. This illustrates:
size constancy
Mr. Dayton occasionally stops breathing while sleeping. He wakes up to snort air for a few seconds before falling back to sleep. Mrs. Dayton complains that her husband snores. Clearly, Mr. Dayton suffers from:
sleep apnea
olfactory receptor cells are essential for our sense of:
smell
81. Developmental psychologists study physical, cognitive, and ________ changes throughout the human life cycle.
social
Research on dreaming indicates that:
some people are able to test their state of consciousness while dreaming.
Retinal disparity refers to the:
somewhat different images our two eyes receive of the same object
Exposure to high levels of male sex hormones during prenatal development is most likely to facilitate the subsequent development of:
spatial abilities
Tachyphylaxis
special causes of drug tolerance where a decrease in a person's sensitivity to a drug occurs over a very short period of time-sometimes over only a few hours
in anger-provoking situations, sexually aroused people experience more intense hostility than those who are not sexually aroused. This best illustrates the:
spillover effect
a belief that adult personality is completely determined in early childhood years would be most relevant to the issue of:
stability or change
2. A child's temperament is likely to be:
stable over time
The acquisition of a sense of object permanence is most closely associated with the development of:
stranger anxiety
the acquisition of a sense of object permanence is most closely associated with the development of:
stranger anxiety
the perception that Bugs Bunny is hopping across a movie screen best illustrates:
stroboscopic movement
the quick succession of briefly flashed images in a motion picture produces:
stroboscopic movement
by scripting specific job-relevant questions to be asked of all those applying for a particular work position, a personnel psychologist is most clearly developing a framework for:
structured interviews
Parapsychology
study of phenomena such as ESP and psychokinesis
1. A teratogen is a(n)
substance that can cross the placental barrier & harm an unborn child
66. A teratogen is a(n)
substance that can cross the placental barrier and harm an unborn child
messages are transmitted from your spinal cord to your digestive system's stomach muscles by the:
sympathetic nervous system
according to the Cannon-Bard theory, body arousal is related to the subjective awareness of emotion in the same way as the _____ is related to the _____
sympathetic nervous system; cortex
Compared to environmentally impoverished rats, those rats housed in enriched environments experienced a dramatic increase in the number of their:
synapses
compared to environmentally impoverished rats, those rats housed in enriched environments experienced a dramatic increase in the number of their:
synapses
the spatial junction where impulses are chemically transmitted from one neuron to another are called:
synapses
49. Sir Charles Sherrington observed that impulses took more time to travel a neural pathway than he might have anticipated. His observation provided evidence for the existence of:
synaptic gaps
the integration of information processed simultaneously by multiple neural networks can be detected as a pattern of:
synchronized brain waves
a european visitor to the united states asked a taxi driver 'can you please a ride to the airport me give?' The visitor has apparently not yet mastered the ____ of the English language
syntax
Kinesthesis
system for sensing the position and movement of individual body parts.
Kinesthesis refers to the:
system for sensing the position and movement of muscles, tendons, and joints.
Supercell clusters
teams of cells that fire in response to complex patterns, such as the human face.
10. Lynnae is usually timid and fearful, whereas her sister Eileen is typically relaxed and fearless. The two sisters are most strikingly different in:
temperament
16. Pat is normally very restless and fidgety, whereas Shelley is usually quiet and easygoing. The two children apparently differ in:
temperament
Lynnae is usually timid and fearful, whereas her sister Eileen is typically relaxed and cheerful. The two sisters are most strikingly different in:
temperament
61. The sense of hearing is to the ________ lobes as the sense of touch is to the ________ lobes.
temporal,parietal
19. The prenatal development of the external male sex organs is stimulated by:
testosterone
if pregnant sheep are injected with ____ during a critical gestation period, their female offspring will show homosexual behavior.
testosterone
If research suggested that a pregnant mother's use of an artificial sweetener caused harm to the fetus, the artificial sweetener would be considered a(n):
tetrogen
46. Which brain structure receives information from all the senses except smell?
thalamus
comparing the average performance of the initial WAIS standardization sample with the average performance of the most recent WAIS standardization sample provides convincing evidence of:
the Flynn effect
according to Piaget's theory, during the concrete operational stage, a child is still unlikely to demonstrate:
the ability to think hypothetically
According to Piaget's theory, during the concrete operational stage, a child is still unlikely to demonstrate:
the ability to think hypothetically.
Sleep apnea is a disorder involving
the cessation of breathing during sleep
Sleep apnea is a disorder involving:
the cessation of breathing during sleep
Sleep apnea is a disorder involving:
the cessation of breathing during sleep.
our inability to fall asleep early as we had planned, is most likely a reflection of:
the circadian rhythm
Our inability to fall asleep early as we had planned, is most likely a reflection of:
the circadian rhythm.
34. Researchers and subjects in a drug-evaluation study are both ignorant about which subjects have actually received an experimental drug and which were given a placebo. This investigation involves the use of:
the double-blind procedure
35. Jeff mistakenly assumes that everybody around him enjoys listening to country music just as much as he does. Jeff best illustrates:
the false consensus effect
On the day she is to be interviewed for an important new position, Rachel awakens with a severe toothache. During the interview she feels no pain; not until 30 minutes later does she become aware again of the troublesome toothache. Rachel's experience is best explained by:
the gate-control theory
on the day she is to be interviewed, for an important new position, Rachel awakens with a severe toothache. During the interview she feels no pain; not until 30 minutes later does she become aware again of the troublesome toothache. Rachel's experience is best explained by:
the gate-control theory
Hans Selye referred to the body's response to stress as:
the general adaptation syndrome
105. As people grow older, they are most likely to need glasses because:
the lens loses its ability to change shape readily
As people grow older, they are most likely to need glasses because:
the lens loses its ability to change shape readily.
compared to adults, children are more susceptible to:
the misinformation effect
84. The Ames illusion involving two girls who are perceived as very different in size can best be explained in terms of
the misperception of distance
115. On the day she is to be interviewed for an important new position, Rachel awakens with a severe toothache. During the interview she feels no pain; not until 30 minutes later does she become aware again of the troublesome toothache. Rachel's experience is best explained by:
the opponent process theory
The fact that people who are colorblind to red and green may still see yellow is most easily explained by:
the opponent-process theory
24. Gender identity refers to:
the personal sense of being male or female
94. The sequentially flashing Christmas tree lights appeared to generate pulsating waves of motion. This best illustrates
the phi phenomenon
The cocktail party effect provides an example of:
the phi phenomenon
The sequentially flashing Christmas tree lights appeared to generate pulsating waves of motion. This best illustrates:
the phi phenomenon
The relief of pain following the ingestion of an inert substance that is presumed to have medicinal benefits illustrates:
the placebo effect
research on the environmental conditions that influence sexual orientation indicates that:
the reported backgrounds o f homosexuals and heterosexuals are similar
mistakenly concluding that the forgetful acts of an elderly person must be indicative of Alzheimer's disease best illustrates the impact of:
the representative heuristic
The phenomenon of color constancy best demonstrates that:
the retina has three types of color receptors.
the facial expressions associated with particular emotions are:
the same throughout the world
gender identity refers to:
the sense of being male or female
21. Gender role refers to;
the set of expected behaviors for male/female
When people are experiencing vivid dreams:
their eyes are likely to move under their closed eyelids.
the best predictor that infants will develop high levels of intellectual aptitude is:
their tendency to quickly shift their gaze from a familiar to novel picture.
71. In an experiment, children see a doll named Sally leave her ball in a red cupboard and go away. They then observe another doll, Anne, move the ball to a different location. In asking children where Sally will look for the ball upon her return, the investigators are testing the children's
theory of mind
73. Chloe can clearly sense when her sister's teasing is intended to be friendly fun or a hostile put-down. This best illustrates that Chloe has developed a(n)
theory of mind
in an experiment, children see a doll named Sally leave her ball in a red cupboard and go away. They then observe another doll, Anne, move the ball to a different location. In asking children where Sally will look for the ball upon her return, the investigators are testing the children's:
theory of mind
which of the following is true of psychics who have worked with police departments in an effort to solve different crimes?
they have reported visions that are no more accurate than guesses
Children who are visually impaired at birth, but are allowed to see clearly years later have difficulty perceiving because:
they missed a critical period in visual development.
80. Kohlberg emphasized that human behavior becomes less selfish as we mature because of
thinking maturing
The need to take larger and larger doses of a drug in order to experience its effects is an indication of:
tolerance
the need to take larger and larger doses of a drug in order to experience its effects is an indication of:
tolerance
People are more likely to perceive a figure and ground illustration as reversible if they are told it is reversible. This best illustrates the importance of:
top-down processing
our experience of pain may be intensified when we perceive that others are experiencing pain. This best illustrates the importance of:
top-down processing
The local fire department sounds the 12 o'clock whistle. The process by which your ears convert the sound waves from the siren into neural impulses is an example of:
transduction
Vaseem experienced excessive fear while flying because he interpreted his rapid heart rate, shallow breathing, and heavy perspiration as a reaction to imminent danger of a plane crash. When his psychotherapist convinced him that this physical arousal was simply a harmless reaction to acceleration, cabin pressure, and confined space, his fear of flying was greatly reduced. The reduction in Vaseem's fear is best understood in terms of:
two-factor theory
when students perceive the arousal that accompanies test-taking as energizing rather than debilitating, they experience much less anxiety. This is best understood in terms of the:
two-factor theory
It has been found that night terrors:
typically occur during Stage 4 sleep.
30. The distinctive feature of the psychodynamic perspective is its emphasis on:
unconscious conflicts
60. After Paul's serious snow-skiing accident, doctors detected damage to his temporal lobe in Wernicke's area. Because of the damage, Paul is most likely to experience difficulty in:
understanding what they are saying
the hindsight bias leads people to perceive research findings as:
unsurprising
your psychology professor has announced that the next test will assess your understanding of sensation and perception. When you receive the test, however, you find that very few questions actually relate to these topics. In this instance, you would be most concerned about the ____ of the test.
validity
a homosexual orientation is:
very persistent and difficult to change
101. The semicircular canals are most directly relevant to:
vestibular sense
Terry has not had a decent night of sleep in over a week. If this sleep deprivation continues, he will become increasingly susceptible to:
viral infections
when there is a conflict between bits of information received by two or more senses, which sense tends to dominate the others?
vision
Damage to the fovea would have the greatest effect on:
visual acuity
As she gazed down from a bridge at the rapidly flowing river, Nancy felt as thought she were moving. Her experience best illustrates the phenomenon of:
visual capture
When the soundtrack for a movie is played in the back of a classroom, students tend to perceive the sound as originating from the picture screen in the front of the room. This best illustrates:
visual capture
100. People who demonstrate blindsight have most likely suffered damage to their:
visual cortex
people who demonstrate blindsight have most likely suffered damage to their:
visual cortex
Iconic memory is to echoic memory as ______ is to _____
visual stimulation; auditory stimulation
41. Which psychologist would most likely agree with the statement, "Psychology should investigate only behaviors that can be observed"?
watson
The amplitude of electromagnetic waves determines the ________ of light.
wavelength
In additive color mixing, the combination of red, green, and blue creates ________; in subtractive color mixing, the combination of red, yellow, and blue creates ________.
white; black
Pablo is a landscape artist who was known for the depth of his paintings. After an accident, he had vision only from one eye. Since then, his paintings:
will have just as much depth
who suggested that 'we feel sorry because we cry... afraid because we tremble' ?
william james
The discomfort and distress that follow the discontinued use of certain drugs is called:
withdrawal
28. Surveys indicate that people are much less likely to support "government welfare" than "government aid to the needy." These somewhat paradoxical survey results best illustrate the importance of:
wording effects
If a person were to wear glasses that distorted vision upside down, that person:
would eventually adapt
40 year old Lance insists that he never dreams. Research suggests that he probably:
would report a vivid dream if he were awakened during REM sleep
Forty-year-old Lance insists that he never dreams. Research suggests that he probably:
would report a vivid dream if he were awakened during REM sleep.
5. A human egg contains ________ chromosome(s) and a human sperm contains ________ chromosome(s).
x,x or y
According to the opponent-process theory, cells that are stimulated by exposure to ________ light are inhibited by exposure to ________ light.
yellow; blue
