NUR162 Ch2 prepU
A nurse observes that the past five patients referred from a certain community clinic have been treated for drug and/or alcohol overdose. Based on this information, the nurse assumes that the clinic specializes in the treatment of substance abuse. This is an example of what type of reasoning?
Inductive reasoning
A nursing student is describing building nursing theory during a fundamentals nursing class. The student implies that a theory can be built by looking at a group of specific ideas and then drawing conclusions that relate to a general idea. The nursing instructor knows that the student is describing which of the following?
Inductive reasoning
What is the central theme of Florence Nightingale's nursing theory?
Meeting the personal needs of the client within the environment.
A nurse caring for patients in a hospital setting focuses on ill patients as the center of all nursing activities performed daily. The nurse also provides care based on helping patients to adapt to the hospital environment. This nurse is following the principles of:
Myra E. Levine
There are four common concepts in nursing theory. While all concepts are important, the focus of nursing is always on which of the following?
Person
A nurse researcher is studying female patients who have survived breast cancer. The nurse asks each patient to describe her experience and then analyzes the data for the meaning of the experience within each person's own reality. This nurse has used what type of qualitative research method?
Phenomenology
A group of nurses is planning to investigate the effectiveness of turning immobilized stroke clients more frequently in order to prevent skin breakdown. The team has begun by formulating a PICO question. Which of the following will the "O" in the team's PICO question refer to?
Preventing skin breakdown
The nurse researcher would like to gather data about the attitudes of young adults on spirituality and health care. What is the most effective form of research on this topic?
Qualitative research
When a researcher begins to form plans for a research project, the researcher must decide on the method for conducting the research. The nurse researcher that plans to emphasize collection of narrative data and the analyses would select which of the following methods of research?
Qualitative research
A nurse is discussing dietary issues with a Latino client in the clinic. The client states, "I read a research article about the importance of beans in the Latino diet. The findings from the study suggested that inclusion of meat and beans in the diet would help in the development of muscles and bones." The information that the client is expressing is known as what?
Scientific knowledge
Following the identification of a researchable problem, what must the nurse do?
Select literature relevant to the problem.
A nurse providing care for patients has a personal philosophy that nursing interventions should be instituted for patients when they demonstrate ineffective adaptive responses. This nurse's philosophy is based on the theory of:
Sister Callista Roy
The second step in implementation of evidence-based practice includes systematic review. In order to complete a systematic review of the literature the nurse must do which of the following?
Summarize findings from multiple studies that are related to a particular nursing practice.
Nurses on a busy hospital ward plan nursing care for patients. Which nursing action best exemplifies the primary focus of nursing?
The nurse comforts a patient who received bad results from a test.
Which statement best explains the importance of theoretic frameworks?
Theoretic frameworks advance nursing knowledge and practice.
The nursing instructor is explaining sources of knowledge to a group of nursing students. She says, "Some knowledge is passed from one generation to another." One of the students correctly describes this source as being what?
Traditional knowledge
A nursing theorist studies health care systems in communities. Which statement accurately describes a characteristic of these systems?
Boundaries separate health care systems both from each other and from the environment.
A nurse is formulating a clinical question in PICO format. Which of the following is represented by the letter I?
Clearly defined, focused literature review
A nursing student is describing abstract ideas with a group of student peers. The student suggests that these ideas can be a group of objects and the relationships among them. The nursing instructor knows that the student is describing which of the following?
Concepts
A nursing student understands which of the following is true of concepts?
Concepts describe objects, properties, and events and relationships among them.
A nursing student is describing building nursing theory during a fundamentals nursing class. The student describes that a theory can be built by looking at an idea as a whole and then breaking the idea down into smaller, more specific ideas. The nursing instructor knows that the student is describing which of the following?
Deductive reasoning
The nursing instructor asks the students to place the steps of implementing evidence-based practice in order. The correct order is:
Design a question related to a clinical area of interest. Collect the most relevant and best evidence available. Critically evaluate the collected evidence. Integrate the evidence with clinical expertise, client preferences, and values as the decision is made to make a change. Evaluate the decision or change
A nurse is completing a family assessment on a routine home health visit. There is a mother, father, and three children ages 2, 4, and 6 years of age. She watches the children individually as they play and interact with one another. She compares each child with the norms established for the age groups and determines and they are all within normal limits for their ages. The nurse would be utilizing which of the following theories as the basis for this part of the family assessment?
Developmental Theory
A mother has brought her 6-year-old child into the clinic. The mother is concerned that her child does not seem to skip as well as the other children in her class. In planning assessments and care for this child, the nurse might choose which theory as a foundation for decision making?
Developmental theory
The nursing instructor asks a group of students to identify a theory that describes the maturation of humans through stages. One student correctly identifies this theory as what?
Developmental theory
A nurse who works in a pediatric practice assesses the developmental level of children of various ages to determine their psychosocial development. These assessments are based on the work of:
Erikson
When looking at a model for evidence-based practice, what is the final step of the process?
Evaluating practice change
The nursing student studying research exhibits an understanding when informing the instructor that which of the following is the bridge between theory and practice?
Evidence-based research
A nurse researcher is examining the cause-and-effect relationship between the consumption of tap water containing minimal amounts of bleach, and the incidence of cancer in rats. The research is taking place in a laboratory setting. What type of quantitative research is being used based upon this description?
Experimental research
In nursing class the instructor asks the students about the nursing research process. The student identifies the first nurse to collect data on clients as which of the following?
Florence Nightingale
Who of the following is considered to be the first nursing theorist who conceptualized nursing in terms of manipulating the environment?
Florence Nightingale
The nurse performs a family assessment in a clinic and discovers that a single mother is experiencing anxiety. The client describes anxiety as being common when all four of her children come home from school and begin afternoon activities. In order to better understand the relationships that exist among the family members, the nurse might base her assessment on which theory?
General Systems Theory
A nursing theorist examines a hospital environment by studying each ward and how it works individually and then relating this information to the hospital as a whole working entity. This is an example of the use of what theory?
General systems theory
A male client 79 years of age who is postoperative Day 3 following hip replacement surgery has been approached by a nurse researcher and asked to participate in a research study. This study will test a new rehabilitation strategy. What aspect of the nursing research process addresses the client's understanding of the potential risks and benefits of this study?
Going through the informed consent process with the client
One of the primary focuses of nursing research is to:
generate knowledge to guide practice.
The researcher must critically appraise evidence following literature review. In order to effectively appraise the information the researcher should ask questions regarding the information collected. Which questions should the researcher utilize for this evaluation? (Select all that apply.)
• "Are the results valid and reliable?" • 'Will the results of the study improve client care?" • "What were the results of the study?"
A group of nursing students were in a study group preparing for their fundamentals class. They were reviewing historical influences on the development of nursing research in the 1970's and 1980's. They correctly identify which of the following as historical events in this time period? (Select all that apply.)
• Research focused on clinical research including clinical interventions. • Primary client care led to research investigating outcomes and quality of care. • The nursing process was studied. • Concerns of nursing education involved student learning experiences and clinical evaluation.
A nurse is using the quantitative research process to study the cause of hospital-acquired infections and how to prevent them. Which actions are examples of the components of this process? (Select all that apply.)
• The nurse collects data from subjects in the study. • The nurse formulates a hypothesis and variables in the study.
A nurse manager is using the AACN PEARL tool as a resource in a hospital setting. Which statements describe examples of the chief focus of this resource? (Select all that apply.)
• The nurse uses PEARL to plan change initiatives for the unit. • The nurse uses PEARL to find tools to improve patient outcomes. • The nurse uses PEARL to share critical learning with staff.
A nursing instructor is explaining to a group of nursing students the importance of understanding the sources of knowledge. Which of the following types of knowledge would the instructor describe as being subjective? (Select all that apply)
• Traditional knowledge • Authoritative knowledge
The nursing instructor asks a group of students to identify a theory that describes, explains, predicts, and controls outcomes in nursing practice. One student correctly identifies this theory as what?
Nursing theory
A nurse is discussing dietary issues with a Latino client in the clinic. The client states, "My grandmother always told me that I needed to include beans in my diet so that my muscles would grow." The information that the client is expressing is known as what?
Traditional knowledge
A nurse researcher must decide on the method for conducting the research. The researcher that plans to emphasize collection of numerical data and analysis would select which method of research?
Quantitative research
Which type of quantitative research is described as follows: to examine cause-and-effect relationships between selected variables?
Quasi-experimental
Which of the following skills is foundational for a nursing student's participation in the evidence-based practice process?
Read and understand a research article.
A nursing student is describing nursing concepts in class. The student states that these concepts can be put together, along with the relationships described among the concepts. The nursing instructor knows that the student is describing which of the following?
Theory
A nursing student is reading a research article from a nursing journal. The student is aware that the opening paragraph summarizing the article (and the findings of the research) is a good place to start. What part of the article is the nursing student reading?
Abstract
As a researcher begins to form plans for a research project the researcher must decide on the method for conducting the research. The nurse researcher that plans to emphasize collection data and the analyses for the purpose of creating a new theory would select which of the following methods of research?
Basic research
Who is considered to be the first nursing researcher?
Florence Nightingale
Christine Grady is a nurse ethicist that proposed a framework for evaluating ethics. Grady suggested that a independent review is needed for ethical research. This principle is correctly defined as:
Informed consent means that "individuals should be informed about the research and provide their voluntary consent."
A nurse manager is attempting to switch the medical records in an orthopedic office to a computerized format. The nurse asks questions about the accuracy and efficiency of the current record keeping system by using the PICO format. Which statements illustrate the components of this process?
• P: The nurse chooses the population involved (orthopedic patients). • I: The nurse considers interventions to make the plan work. • C: The nurse compares the written records to the computerized records.
The nursing instructor is reviewing common concepts in nursing theory with the class. There are four concepts that are related to the practice of nursing. Students identify which of the following as core concepts for nursing theory. (Select all that apply.)
• Person (client) • Environment • Health • Nursing
Nursing theories are important as they are all directed toward improved client care. Which of the following are goals of nursing theory? (Select all that apply.)
• Provides knowledge and a rationale for client interventions • Provides a rationale for appropriate nursing actions in a given situation • Identifies and defines concepts that are important to nursing • Increases the nursing body of knowledge
During an in-class review of nursing research a student asks the instructor why evidence-based practice is considered the best way to practice nursing. The correct response from the instructor includes that the actions by the nurse are based upon which of the following? (Select all that apply.)
• Published research • National standards • National guidelines • Targeted literature
A nurse is writing an article for a nursing journal describing a study of the emergency protocols in a hospital emergency department. Which statements accurately describe elements of this process? (Select all that apply.)
• The introduction reviews the literature and states the purpose of the article. • The method section provides details of how the study was conducted. • The results are often presented in words, charts, tables, or graphs
Nurse researchers use both quantitative and qualitative research in their practices. Which actions are examples of the use of qualitative research? (Select all that apply.)
• The nurse discovers how people describe the effect of illness in their lives. • The nurse examines nursing issues related to the Native American patient. • The nurse investigates past nursing trends to understand the current profession.
The nursing instructor is teaching about nursing theories. Students are asked to identify facts related to nursing theory. Which of the following facts are true regarding nursing theory? (Select all that apply.)
• The ultimate outcome for nursing theory is improved client care. • Nursing theory provides a rationale for the care that nurses provide. • Nursing theories may be descriptive or prescriptive. • Nursing theory provides a focus for care that is delivered to clients
Christine Grady is a nurse ethicist that proposed a framework for evaluating ethics. She suggested that a fair subject selection is needed for ethical research. This principle is correctly defined as:
"Scientific objectives, not vulnerability or privilege, and the potential for and distraction of risk and benefits, should determine communities selected as study sites and the inclusion criteria for individual subject."
Christine Grady is a nurse ethicist that proposed a framework for evaluating ethics. Grady suggested that a independent review is needed for ethical research. This is correctly defined as:
"Unaffiliated individuals must review the research and approve, amend, or terminate the research."
The evolution of nursing research has significant markers in time. Place the following events in the correct order.
-Florence Nightingale kept records while caring for victims of the Crimean War. -Nursing research was deemed to be increasingly important, and research was utilized for the development of nursing practice standards. -Clinical research became the emphasis of nursing research resulting in procedures for primary client care, such as vital signs and treatments. -The National Institute for Nursing Research funded research for the scientific basis for client care.
How would a student nurse define a conceptual framework?
A group if interrelated objects that follow a pattern.
A nurse is completing a family assessment on a routine home health visit. The parents have a child with a severe peanut allergy. The mother states that she does not purchase any foods with peanut or peanut oil for her family. The other children are allowed to have foods containing peanuts while they are at school and visiting with friends and family. The nurse would conclude that which of the following theories would most like be the basis for this family's functioning?
Adaptation Theory
As a researcher begins to form plans for a research project, the researcher must decide on the method for conducting the research. The nurse researcher that plans to emphasize collection data and the analyses for the purpose of improving clinical practice would select which of the following methods of research?
Applied research
The nursing instructor is explaining sources of knowledge to a group of nursing students. The nursing instructor describes "some knowledge is gained from someone with a great deal of perceived experience." One of the students correctly describes this source as being:
Authoritative knowledge
For which of the following research activities is a phenomenological research method most appropriate?
Attempting to understand non-English speaking immigrants' experiences of being hospital clients
A nurse is discussing dietary issues with a Latino client in the clinic. The client states, "My nutritionist told me that I needed to include beans in my diet so that my muscles would grow." The information that the client is expressing is known as what?
Authoritative knowledge
What is the best explanation for the way evidence based practice (EBP) has changed the way nursing care is delivered?
Nursing care now uses EBP as a means of ensuring quality care.
If a nurse describes a study of people and the nursing profession including studies of education, policy development, ethics, and nursing history, then what is the nurse defining?
Nursing research
Nurses in an ICU noticed that their clients required fewer interventions for pain when the ICU was quiet. They then asked a researcher to design a study about the effects of noise on the pain levels of hospitalized clients. How does this demonstrate the ultimate goal of expanding the nursing body of knowledge?
Nursing research helps improve ways to promote and maintain health.
A nurse's personal philosophy is developed by learning through which of the following? (Select all that apply.)
• Interpersonal relationships • Formal and informal education • Religion and culture • Environment
Research is included as an essential component of nursing by which of the following organizations? (Select all that apply.)
• ANA • International Council of Nurses • Nursing specialty organizations
In today's healthcare environment nurses use theories to guide all stages of the nursing process. Which of the following are examples of ways that a nurse can utilize theories to guide client care? (Select all that apply.)
• Collect client data. • Organize client information. • Classify client data. • Analyze client situations.
The nursing instructor is discussing nursing theories and concepts with a group of nursing students in a fundamentals course. In guiding the thoughts and understanding of concepts, the instructor discusses nursing concepts specifically. The purpose of concepts in nursing practice include which of the following? (Select all that apply.)
• Guide the steps of the nursing process. • Suggest appropriate nursing interventions. • Serve in the determination of what information is relevant related to a specific client issue. • Suggest appropriate nursing outcomes for a client.
