Nurse Aide 1 module H
describe myocardial infracrtion
(heart attack) a condition where the heart muscle does not receive enough blood and lacks oxygen, causing damage/death to area of heart
describe the four stages of pressure ulcers
1- redness of area, non-bleachable 1- addition of blister-like lesions 3- all thickness of skin lost, possible infection 4- skin, fatty tissue destroyed, muscle/bone involved
function and example of: 1. hinge joint 2. ball and socket joint 3. pivot joint 4. long bone 5. short bone 6. flat bone
1. elbow, knee --> 1 direction 2. hip, shoulder all directions 3. skull to spine --> side to side 4. bear weight (femur humerus) 5. allow skull and ease in movement (carpals, phalanges) 6. protects organs (ribs, skull)
what is the pathway of blood through the heart?
1. superior vena cava and inferior vena cava -> right atrium 2. right atrium -> right ventircle -> pulmonary artery -> lungs 3. left and right pulmonary veins -> left atrium -> 4. left ventricle -> aorta -> delivers blood to all body parts except lungs
what is the daily urine output for the average adults
1000-1500 mL
how many vertebrae are there
24 7 cervical (neck) 12 thoracic (mid back) 5 lumbar (lower back)
list the 7 warning signs of cancer
C- change in bowel/bladder habits A- a sore that does not heal U- unusual blood or discharge from any opening of body T- thickening or lump in breast ot elsewhere I- indigiestion or difficulty swallwoing O- obvious change in wart/mole N- nagging cough or hoarseness
what is the function of the cardiovascular system protection
Protection of the body by white blood cells, antibodies, and complement proteins that circulate in the blood and defe1nd the body against foreign microbes and toxins. Clotting mechanisms are also present that protect the body from blood loss after injuries.
what is the function of the cardiovascular system regulation
Regulation of body temperature, fluid pH, and water content of cells
tuberculosis
TB
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)
a condition in whcih blood vessels in the coronary arteries narrow lowering blood supply to the heart and depriving it of oxygen
what is impetigo
a contagious skin infection
Myocardial infraction (MI)
aka a heart attack
cardiovascular system
also called the circulatory system, and is the continuous movement of blood through the body
gastrointestinal system
also known as the digestive system, extends from the mouth to the anus, and responsible for digestion and elimination
cell theory
basic unit of all living things or organisms, all living organisms made of cells, and cellular function is essential process of living things
what are normal changes due to aging in the cardiovascular system?
becomes less efficient, blood has less force, arteries lose elasticity, blood pressure increases
what is the function of bile
break down fat
what are liver spots
brown spots
what is metastasis
cancer spread to other parts of the body
what is CNS
central nervous system
what is the largest part of the brain and has four lobes
cerebrum- frontal, temporal, partitial, occiptial
describe angina pectoris
chest pain due to decreased blood flow and O2 to heart muscle
name each cavity (4) of the body and what organs are located in each
cranial- brain and 12 cranial nerves thoracic- lungs, heart, esophagus abdominal- stomach, liver, kidneys, pancreas, spleen, gall bladder, small and most intestines pelvic- reproductive organs, lower colon, rectum
CVA
damage to part of brain due to blood clot or hemorrhage cutting off blood supply
what is gongrene
dark skin. necrosis of tissue cells due to blockage of blood supply to an area, or blockage from disease or direct injury
Peripheral vascular disease (PVD)
decreased blood flow to extremities and brain
what are the normal changes due to aging in the urinary system
decreased kidney size/ability to concentrate urine, decreased elasticity, capacity and muscle tone, decreased ability to concentrate urine, difficulty/incomplete emptying of the bladder, enlargement of prostate in males
what are normal changes due to aging in the gastrointestinal system
decreased number of taste buds, constipation, slow absorption of nutrients, loss bow muscle tone, loss of sphincter muscle tone
hypoxia
decreased oxygen in cells
hypoxemia
decreased oxygen in the blood
dyspnea
difficulty breathing
what are the three parts of the small intestine
duodenum, jejunum, ileum
what is the myelin sheath
each heron is protected by the protective covering
where is synovial fluid found
each joint is linked with a synovial membrane that secretes synovial fluid into the bursae
list 10 pressure points on the human body
elbows, shoulder blades, sacrum, hips, knees, ankles, heels, toes, back of head, back of neck
what is the function of red blood cells
erythrocytes carry O2
urinary system function
filters waste from the blood, maintain water and blood pressure, regulates amounts of electrolytes in the body
hypertension
high blood pressure
what is asphasia
inability to speak
what is the greenstick fracture
incomplete break
what is nephritis
inflammation of kidney due to infection
describe phlebitis
inflammation of lining of the vein
pharyngitis
inflammation of the throat
respiratory system
involves the breathing in of oxygen (inspiration) and the breathing out of carbon dioxide (expiration)
which part of the urinary system is responsible for producing urine
kidneys
what is the function of white blood cells
lakocytes fight infection
what is the aorta
largest artery in the body
where is the stomach located
left upper quad LUQ
which are normal changes due to aging in the endocrine system
levels of hormone and insulin production decreases, body cannot deal w stress
where is bile formed and stored
liver, gall bladder
what does the bone marrow makes and store
makes and stores blood cells in bone marrow
what are the three parts of the brainstem?
medulla, midbrain, ponds
what is gout?
metabolic disease usually affecting the lower leg joints to the inability of the body to metabolize purines in food
what is peristalisis
muscle
where is pepsin screted and what does it do
muscle contraction that moves food and feces through the intestines
what is the sphincter muscle?
muscle guarding the opening of the urethra
what changes due to aging are normal for the musculoskeletal system?
muscles weaken, loose tone, shrink 1-2 in, brittle, joints stiffen, pain when moving, coordination decreased, poorer response to stimuli, slower/muscle nerve interaction
apnea
no breathing
what is psoriasis?
non-contagious chronic inflammatory excessive reproduction of epidermal cells, causing circular patches which are itchy
what should NAs remember when caring for older adults
older adults do not need complete baths everyday older adults often need lotion for moisture layer clothes for extra warmth
quadriplegic
paralysis from neck down - arms, legs
paraplegic
paralysis lower half body
hemiplegic
paralysis one side of body
each lung is covered by a sac called...
pleura
describe Parkinson's disease
progressive nervous disease due to destruction of brain cells causing tumors or the hands, pill rolling, muscular rigidity disappears, shuffle gate
function of integumentary system
protects body from injuries/pathogens, regulates body temp, eliminates waste through perspiration, contains nerve endings for a touch, stores fat/vitamins
what is the function of the musculoskeletal system?
provides structure and movement for the body
what are normal changes due to aging in the respiratory system?
respiratory muscles weaken, lung tissue less elastic, shortness of breath, lung capacity oxygen in blood decreases
what is the name of the fluid that carries the sperm cells outside the body
semen
a common cause of pressure ulcers include-
shearing moisture friction pressure
where are the voluntary muscles?
skeletal
what changes due to aging are normal for the integumentary system
skin is thin, dry, fragile, loss of elasticity, fatty llayer decreases--> colder, hair thin/gray, folds, wrinkles, brown spots, skin tags
where are the involuntary muscles?
smooth and cardiac
the meninges is the protective covering of the...
spinal cord, brain
what is osteoarthritis
spongy-type bone that breaks easily
what is a thrombus
stationary blood clot
what is CVA?
stroke cerebrovascular
reproductive system
system allows human beings to create a new human life
endocrine system
system of glands that secrete chemical directly into the bloodstream to regulate body functions
musculoskeletal system
system of the body that provides structure and movement for the body
what is rheumatoid arthritis
systematic, crippling disease causing deformities, with stiff and painful swollen joints
which reproductive structures produce sperm and testosterone
testes
neurological system
the control and message center of the body
what separates the chest from the abdomen
the diaphragm
integumentary system
the skin; the largest organ and system in the body, responsible for providing a natural protective covering of the body
where is the mitral valve?
the valve between the left atrium and left ventricle of the heart,
pharynx
throat, upper GI structure, back of throat
what is the function of platelets?
thrombrocytes blood clotting- is to stop bleeding by clumping and clotting blood vessel injuries.
what is embolus?
thrombus that breaks lose and travels through blood stream
how does sperm leave the body
through the epididymis
what is TIA?
trans ischmic attack
what is the function of the cardiovascular system transport
transport of nutrients, oxygen, and hormones to cells throughout the body and removal of metabolic wastes (carbon dioxide, nitrogenous wastes).
which of the following can prevent pressure ulcers
turning a resident every two hours, keeping a resident clean and dry, keeping lines clean and dry
what is shingles
viral infection caused by varicella zoster. nerve endings--> redness
larynx
voicebox
what are the functions of the cerebrum?
voluntary movement, hearing, sensation, vision, thoughts/intelligence
desribe multiple sclerosis
weakness of muscle due to loss of myelin sheath; which is the protective covering of muscle
Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)
when one or both sides of the heart start pumping effectively
trachea
windpipe
