Nut HESI

red meats contain which types of fats

saturated

foods to avoid while pregnant

shellfish, herbal supplements, soft-scrambled eggs

foods high in rion

spinach and potatoes, meat and cereal

vegetable oild contains which types of fat

unsaturated

what foods are high in vitamin A

yellow/orange veggies, leafy greens

how many kcals does fat have

9/gram

risk factors for gallbladder

4 F's: female fat 40 fertile

A nurse is helping an adolescent with type 1 diabetes establish a consistent meal pattern. What feedback from the adolescent indicates that further teaching is needed? 1 Weighs portion sizes for several months 2 Reads nutrition labels on prepared foods 3 Avoids complex carbohydrate substitutes 4 Limits sugar alternatives containing sorbitol

Avoids complex carbohydrate substitutes Complex carbohydrates may be substituted, depending on caloric content and amount eaten per serving. Flexibility is needed to promote adherence to any dietary regimen. Using consistent portion sizes is a key to maintaining diabetic control. By weighing and measuring portion sizes for several months the adolescent learns to recognize the acceptable amount to be eaten at a glance. The adolescent should read nutrition labels carefully, especially for their carbohydrate and caloric content. Most dietetic foods contain sorbitol. Sorbitol metabolizes to fructose and then glucose, so its use should be restricted when possible.

A client is placed on a heart-healthy diet to control the intake of saturated fats and cholesterol. Which information should the nurse include in a teaching plan to explain best the dietary nature of this diet? 1 Polyunsaturated fats come from animal foods such as meat. 2 Plant sources of cholesterol must be limited in the daily diet. 3 Saturated fats come from plant foods, such as seeds and grains. 4 Cholesterol is a necessary body constituent and cannot be eliminated.

Cholesterol is a necessary body constituent and cannot be eliminated. Cholesterol is an essential precursor of body substances such as vitamin D and steroid hormones; although the body synthesizes some cholesterol, a small amount is needed in the diet. Polyunsaturated fats come from vegetable sources; saturated fats come from animal sources, coconut oil, and palm oil. The diet must contain some cholesterol, and this should come from plant sources. Seeds and grains do not contain saturated fats.

clear liquid diet

Jello, popsicles, clear candies, ginger ale, broth

What should the nurse teach the parents about introducing a 6-month-old infant to solid foods? The infant should be offered one new solid food at a time. The infant may be offered fruit juices or fruit-flavored drinks. The infant should be offered solid foods after the first birthday. The infant should receive iron supplements in addition to solid foods.

The infant should be offered one new solid food at a time. (to test for allergic rxn)

juice lowest in potassium

cranberry

foods that contain phosphate (think foods to avoid with phosphate calculi)

dairy, meat products instead pick fresh fruit

A nurse evaluates a client's understanding regarding oral contraceptives and concludes teaching is successful when the client states, "While I'm taking birth control pills I should increase my intake of foods containing" what nutrient?

folic acid

what's wrong with salt substitutes

high in K

hemodyalysis nutrition

high in carbs, low in protein, sodium and potassium

Remeber! for wound/surgery care think

high protein low fat

sources of vitamin B

red meat, wheat, eggs

foods high in calcium beside milk

leafy greans oranges salmon and sardines black or baked beans waffles

Cachexia

nutrition disorder that may occur due to wasting of muscle mass and weight, resulting in secondary immunodeficiency disorder

what to increase while lactating

protein 25g

The client asks the nurse to recommend foods that might be included in a diet for diverticular disease. Which foods would be appropriate to include in the teaching plan? Select all that apply. 1 Whole grains 2 Cooked fruits and vegetables 3 Nuts and seeds 4 Lean red meats 5 Milk and eggs

1,2,5 With diverticular disease, the client should avoid foods that may obstruct the diverticuli. Therefore the fiber should be digestible, such as whole grains and cooked fruits and vegetables. Milk and eggs have no fiber content but are good sources of protein. For clients with diverticular disease, nuts and seeds are contraindicated, because they may be retained and cause inflammation and infection, which is known as diverticulitis. The client should also decrease intake of fats and red meats.

how many kcals does protein and carbs have

4/gram

how much does a child's weight increase from birth to 2.5 years?

4x

A client is at high risk for heart disease. Which instructions should the nurse include in the client's teaching plan? 1 Avoid eating between meals. 2 Limit unsaturated fats in the diet. 3 Decrease the amount of fat-binding fiber. 4 Increase the quantity of complex carbohydrates.

Increase the quantity of complex carbohydrates. The fiber component of complex carbohydrates helps bind and eliminate dietary cholesterol and fosters growth of intestinal microorganisms to break down bile salts and release the cholesterol component for excretion. It is what, not when, the client eats that is important. Saturated fats should be decreased. Fat-binding fiber should be increased.

A client is being treated for pressure ulcers. The primary healthcare provider advises the client to eat foods with high amounts of vitamin C. What is the role of vitamin C in wound healing? 1 Vitamin C aids in the process of epithelialization. 2 Vitamin C helps in the synthesis of immune factors. 3 Vitamin C increases the metabolic energy required for inflammation. 4 Vitamin C is required for collagen production by fibroblasts.

Vitamin C is required for collagen production by fibroblasts. Vitamin C aids in capillary synthesis and collagen production by fibroblasts. Vitamin A aids in the process of epithelialization. Protein helps in the synthesis of immune factors. Carbohydrates increase the metabolic energy required for inflammation.

A nurse is caring for a client with hepatic encephalopathy and ascites. Which elements are important to include in this client's diet? Select all that apply. 1 High fat 2 Low sodium 3 High vitamins 4 Moderate protein 5 Low carbohydrates A low sodium intake controls fluid retention and edema and, consequently, ascites. Vitamins help to repair long-standing nutritional deficits associated with cirrhosis of the liver. A moderate-protein diet reduces formation of ammonia, which must be degraded by the liver. High fat intake is avoided because of related cardiovascular risks and the demand for bile that the liver may not be capable of meeting. High, not low, carbohydrate intake is necessary to meet energy requirements for tissue regeneration.

2,3,4

Which instructions given to a client with renal calculi would be most beneficial? Select all that apply. 1 "Drink plenty of water." 2 "Have spinach soup every day." 3 "Substitute lemon juice for tea." 4 "Include high amounts of protein in the diet." 5 "Consume foods rich in omega-3-fatty acids."

1,3 Renal calculi is the formation of kidney stones. Drinking plenty of water will keep the body hydrated and prevent further formation of stones. Tea contains caffeine, a diuretic, which causes dehydration. Therefore the client must be advised to replace tea with lemon juice. Spinach is rich in oxalates. Consuming spinach soup may aggravate the problem, due to the formation of oxalate crystals. Excessive consumption of proteins may precipitate uric acid stones. Therefore the use of proteins should not be encouraged. Foods rich in omega-3-fatty acids are beneficial in maintaining good health. However, the use of omega-3-fatty acids, specifically in the treatment, mitigation, or prevention of kidney stones, is not justified.

A nurse is providing discharge instructions to a client diagnosed with cirrhosis and varices. Which information should the nurse include in the teaching session? Select all that apply. 1 Adhering to a low-carbohydrate diet 2 Avoiding aspirin and aspirin-containing products 3 Limiting alcohol consumption to two drinks weekly 4 Avoiding acetaminophen and products containing acetaminophen 5 Avoiding coughing, sneezing, and straining to have a bowel movement

2,4,5 Aspirin can damage the gastric mucosa and precipitate hemorrhage when esophageal or gastric varices are present. Acetaminophen is hepatotoxic and should not be used by the client with cirrhosis. The client with cirrhosis should avoid coughing, sneezing, and straining to have a bowel movement. These activities increase pressure in the portal venous system and increase the client's risk of variceal hemorrhage. A high-carbohydrate diet is encouraged as the diseased liver's ability to synthesize and store glucose is diminished. To decrease the risk of complications, the client must abstain from alcohol.

The nurse is reviewing discharge instructions for a mother whose school-aged child was recently found to have celiac disease. Which statements by the mother demonstrate understanding of the child's nutritional needs? Select all that apply. 1 "Rolled-up lunch meat with cheese is a good alternative to sandwiches." 2 "I'll try to provide meals that are lower in fats and higher in carbohydrates." 3 "I'll start giving her milk with meals so she gets enough calcium in her diet." 4 "She loves raw carrots for snacking, so I'll have to avoid those when the disease is worse." 5 "I'll be sure to look at the labels more closely from now on—we need to avoid hydrolyzed vegetable protein."

2,4,5 Celiac disease is characterized by bowel irritation on exposure to protein gluten. Dietary management generally consists of a diet high in protein and carbohydrates and low in fats. When the bowel is inflamed, high-fiber foods should be avoided; this includes carrots. Gluten is added to many foods as hydrolyzed vegetable protein; therefore the mother needs to read the ingredient list to identify the presence of this substance. Lunch meat should be avoided because it contains gluten. Some children with celiac disease also have trouble digesting lactose, so lactose also needs to be avoided.

The laboratory values of a client with a new diagnosis of cancer of the esophagus include a hemoglobin of 7 g/dL (70 mmol/L), hematocrit of 25%, and red blood cell (RBC) count of 2.5 million/mm 3 (2.5 X 10 12/L). Which priority goal should the nurse add to the plan of care? 1 The client will be free of injury. 2 The client will remain pain free. 3 The client will demonstrate improved nutrition. 4 The client will maintain effective airway clearance.

Based on the presented data, improving nutritional status is the priority at this time. The decreased hemoglobin and hematocrit levels and RBC count may be a result of malnutrition; also, cancer of the esophagus can cause dysphagia and anorexia. Although maintaining the client's safety is a goal, it is not as high a priority as another concern based on the data provided in the question. The data given do not relate to the presence of pain. The data given do not relate to airway obstruction.

A 24-year-old client who has performed a positive home pregnancy test has presented at her first prenatal visit. She is 5 feet 6 inches tall (168 cm) and weighs 130 lb (59 kg). What should the nutrition plan regarding her daily caloric intake include?

The caloric intake during the first trimester should be about the same as in the nonpregnant state. The increase in caloric intake should be about 460 calories in the third trimester.

foods high in protein, low in fat

skim milk followed by poached eggs, followed by beef

A client who is a heavy smoker has been prescribed a high-calorie, high-protein diet. The nurse should encourage the client to eat foods that are high in which vitamin? 1 Niacin 2 Thiamine 3 Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) 4 Vitamin B 12

smoking oxidizes vit C so need more of that

When you think sodium

think excess fluid retention and excess strain on heart and vasculature

MAO ihibitors

treat depression avoid tyramine rich foods (bean curds, soy sauce, peperoni) stick to low tyramine foods (cottage cheese, yogurt()

foods high in potassium

• Avocado Apricots • Bananas • Cantaloupe • Carrots • Fish • Mushrooms • Oranges • Potatoes • Pork, Beef, Veal • Raisins • Spinach • Strawberries • Tomatoes