NUTR 1030 chp 10
Group of chronic disease is characterized by cells that have undergone damage is
cancer
Alcohol is considered to be a ___ A cancer-causing agent
carcinogen
When considering the role of diet and colon cancer, red meat includes all of the following except
chicken
pantothenic acid is a component of ___ ____
coenzyme A
a ___ promotes production of free radicals
prooxidant
Treatment of pernicious anemia usually consists of
regular B-12 injections
___ Is a component of two coenzymes that play key roles in energy metabolism, yogurt and other milk products are some of the best sources of this vitamin
riboflavin
vitamin C absorption occurs in the
small intestine
Anacephaly and _____ _____ The car if a woman's diet is low in folate
spina bifida
A disease has metastasized when cancer
spreads
Vitamin B 12 absorbs more readily in its ___ Form because the vitamin is not attached to an animal protein
synthetic
Most cases of a vitamin ____ Deficiency result from problems associated with intestinal absorption, not from inadequate intakes
B-12
People who eat little or no animal products may have a deficiency of
B-12
Megaloblastic anemia can result from a deficiency of which vitamins?
B-12, folate
The nutrients that, working together, may lower the risk of stroke, depression and dementia are
B-6, B-12, folate
Spina bifida occurs when
Embryos spine does not form properly and the bones not enclose the spinal cord
The recommendation that women of childbearing age should consume sufficient folic acid before conception and in early pregnancy is because
- The neural tube forms about 21 days after conception - Many women are not even aware they are pregnant until after the development of the neural tube
Why does vitamin C enhance the absorption of nonheme iron?
- Vitamin C forms a complex with iron enhancing the body's ability to absorb the mineral - Vitamin C donates an electron to nonheme iron making it more absorbable
What are some good food sources of folate?
- asparagus - leafy vegetables - liver
Compounds in fruits and vegetables that may help prevent cancer include
- carotenoids - vitamin C - phytochemicals
Which of the following are signs of Warnicke-Korsakoff syndrome?
- distorted thought processes - abnormal eye movements - staggering gait
Biotin's roles in the body include
- glucose synthesis - fatty acid synthesis - amino acid breakdown
Healthy diet designed to reduce cancer risk would include
- increasing your intake of whole grains - Limiting consumption of red meat - Increasing your intake of fruits
Decrease the risk for cancer, one can
- limit intake of alcohol - limit intake of red meat - limit intake of fried meats
Who is at greatest risk for vitamin C deficiency?
- smokers - people who do not eat fruits and vegetables - alcoholics
What are some food sources of riboflavin?
- spinach - milk - yogurt
the water-soluble vitamins include
- the B vitamins - vitamin C
Characteristics of pernicious anemia include
- vitamin B-12 deficiency - megaloblastic red blood cells - nerve damage
Rank the steps involved in cancer development and progression beginning with a healthy, specialized cell
1. Genes that control cell division in a healthy specialized cell is damaged by a carcinogen 2. With repeated damage one abnormal cell divides uncontrollably 3. Malignant cells become a tumor 4. Invasive cells multiplies tumor grows and interferes with normal tissue functioning 5. Malignant cells enter circulatory or lymphatic system and form new tumors in other parts of the body 6. Tumor stimulates development of its own blood supply
rank and order the sequence of events in the digestion and absorption of vitamin B 12
1. hydrochloric acid separates B12 from animal proteins 2. The stomach secretes intrinsic factor 3. B12 binds to intrinsic factor 4. the IF/B-12 complex enters the cells and the complex breaks apart 5. B-12 Binds to a carrier molecule for transport in the blood
choose the first and final step in cancer development and progression
1st- an inherited tendency triggers damage to the genes in a cell that control cell division final- tumor stimulates development of its own blood supply
The thiamine deficiency disease ____ Is characterized by weakness, poor muscular coordination, and decreased functioning of the cardiovascular and nervous systems
beriberi
Niacin participates in which of the following?
energy metabolism
Thiamin does not reach toxic levels in the blood because
excess vitamin can be excreted in the urine
T/F: Pantothenic acid is so rare in our foods that nutritional deficiencies are common
false
T/F: The absorption of vitamins 12 occurs more readily when vitamin 12 is in its natural form versus the synthetic form of the micro nutrient
false
the ____-soluble vitamins are not easily excreted from the body, however, the kidney can filter excess ____-soluble vitamins so they are eliminated in the urine
fat; water
Which vitamin cannot be used when vitamin B 12 is unavailable?
folate
Neural tube defect's in newborns has declined by about 30% since foods have been enriched with
folic acid
Taking supplements of ____ may mask a deficiency of B12
folic acid
The synthetic form of folate is called
folic acid
What is the name of the protein in RBCs that transports oxygen?
hemoglobin
vitamin C can ___ the absorption of nonheme iron
increase
Pernicious anemia is a condition caused by the
lack of intrinsic factor
____ helps hold the watery and fatty ingredients together in a product
lecithin
An organ meat that is high in biotin is
liver
The risk of a vitamin B 12 deficiency is
low
The recommendation made by the US public health service recommends that all women are capable of becoming pregnant consume 400 µg of folic acid daily to help prevent
neural tube defects
Pork, legumes, enriched grains and brewers yeast are all good sources of which vitamin?
thiamin
A liquid mixture that provides nourishment to those who are unable to eat normally is called a
total parenteral solution
Folate, vitamin B-12, and vitamin C are all examples of ____-soluble vitamins
water