NUTR 1030 chp 7
when a protein is exposed to various conditions that cause it to alter its shape, the protein has undergone
denaturation
When many amino acids are bonded together it is called a polypeptide. What is formed when two amino acids bond and a molecule of water is released in the process?
dipeptide
a(n) ____ Nitrogen balance occurs when a person consumes less protein than is needed
negative
the RDA for protein in a healthy adult is ____ grams/kg of body weight
0.8
how many amino acids are considered essential?
9
a(n) ____ amino acid is one that can be synthesized by a healthy body in sufficient amounts
nonessential
A chemical link that connects to amino acids together is called a
peptide bond
what is a chemical link between the acid group of one amino acid and the amino group of another amino acid?
peptide bond
a(n) ____ ____ Balance occurs when a person consumes more protein daily then he or she loses
positive nitrogen
Protein synthesis begins when a genes coded information about the order of amino acids on a specific protein is copied (transcription) forming
messenger RNA
match the term with its definition
peptide bond- chemical link that connects two amino acids together peptides- small chains of amino acids polypeptides- proteins comprised of 50 or more amino acids
Taking dietary choices based on nutritional genomics, height, weight and health assessment is the concept of ____ ____
personalized nutrition
w.o.t.f. account for the majority of the nitrogen losses that occur each day?
urinary elimination of urea
w.o.t.f. is true about protein?
- contains nitrogen - organic molecules
what are two factors in determining the quality of a protein?
- digestibility - amino acid composition
Women's digest animal proteins better than plant proteins. For this reason, vegetarians may need to increase their protein intake by about ___% To meet their protein requirements
10
proteins are made in your body by following the code found in your ____
DNA
Having a headache and intestinal discomfort from eating a food, without triggering the body's immune response is a sign of a ____ ____
Food intolerance
w.o.t.f occurs when the amount of protein consumed equals the amount of protein loss?
Nitrogen equilibrium
a(n) ____ essential amino acid is a nonessential amino acid that must be made from essential amino acids if insufficient amounts are consumed
conditionally
there are a total of ____ nonessential amino acids and nine essential amino acids that the body needs in order to function
eleven
animal proteins are a good source of all nine ____ amino acids
essential
T/F: DNA doesn't play a vital role in protein syntheis
false
a.o.t.f are good sources of protein except
fruit
what is the most commonly used tool to measure protein quality?
protein digestibility corrected amino acid score
____ Help regulate the acid-base balance in the blood
proteins
during translation, the mRNA code is read by the ____ which indicates which amino acids to use to make a protein
ribosomes
how do proteins contribute to acid-base balance of the blood?
serve as buffers that resist changes in pH
the ____ of a protein influences its function
shape
T/F: every cell contains protein
true
Each organism synthesizes proteins that are ____ to the specific organism
unique
what is the process of altering the 3d structure of a protein by treatment with heat, acids or agitation?
denaturation
a 35-year-old man who is at a healthy body weight of 80 kg has a protein RDA of ____ grams/day
64
a 28 yr old woman who is at a healthy body weight of 60 kg has a protein RDA of ____ grams/day
48
Match the measure of protein quality to the correct definition
Biological value- Based on how well and how quickly the body converts food protein into body tissue proteins PDCAA- Considers how well the body converts food protein into body tissue and also the amino acid composition PER- Measures the weight gain of growing laboratory animals in relation to a specific type of protein
a protein found in the blood, such as albumin, helps
maintain fluid balance in the tissues
a food intolerance may occur after the consumption of nonprotein substances, such as
- sulfites - lactose - MSG
a(n) ____ amino acid cannot by synthesized by humans in sufficient amounts, or at all, and must be included in the diet
- essential - indispensable
a personalized nutrition plan takes into consideration
- genes - height and weight - blood pressure - health assessment
w.o.t.f. elements are combined to make a protein?
- hydrogen - nitrogen - oxygen - carbon
two people with hypertension decide to follow a low sodium diet. one of the person's blood pressure goes down but the other's does not. this may be related to
- nutritional genomics - genes
Plant proteins are a healthy alternative to animal proteins with people who eat this type of diet having lower rates of
- obesity - hypertension - type 2 diabetes
vegetarian diets provide more
- phytochemicals - fiber - vitamins E and C - folic acid
rank the basic steps of protein synthesis
1. DNA unwinds exposing a gene 2. the gene undergoes transcription, forming messenger RNA 3. mRNA transfers the info from the nucleus to ribosomes 4. the ribosomes "read" the messenger RNA 5. RNA molecule conveys a particular amino acid to the ribosome 6. at the ribosome, the amino acid attaches to the peptide chain
What happens to protein production when the supply or "pool" Of amino acids does not have one or more of the essential amino acids needed for constructing the protein?
Production of the protein stops
edema refers to
a buildup of fluid in tissues
proteins are made up of smaller units called ____ ____
amino acids