NUTR 1030 chp 7

अब Quizwiz के साथ अपने होमवर्क और परीक्षाओं को एस करें!

when a protein is exposed to various conditions that cause it to alter its shape, the protein has undergone

denaturation

When many amino acids are bonded together it is called a polypeptide. What is formed when two amino acids bond and a molecule of water is released in the process?

dipeptide

a(n) ____ Nitrogen balance occurs when a person consumes less protein than is needed

negative

the RDA for protein in a healthy adult is ____ grams/kg of body weight

0.8

how many amino acids are considered essential?

9

a(n) ____ amino acid is one that can be synthesized by a healthy body in sufficient amounts

nonessential

A chemical link that connects to amino acids together is called a

peptide bond

what is a chemical link between the acid group of one amino acid and the amino group of another amino acid?

peptide bond

a(n) ____ ____ Balance occurs when a person consumes more protein daily then he or she loses

positive nitrogen

Protein synthesis begins when a genes coded information about the order of amino acids on a specific protein is copied (transcription) forming

messenger RNA

match the term with its definition

peptide bond- chemical link that connects two amino acids together peptides- small chains of amino acids polypeptides- proteins comprised of 50 or more amino acids

Taking dietary choices based on nutritional genomics, height, weight and health assessment is the concept of ____ ____

personalized nutrition

w.o.t.f. account for the majority of the nitrogen losses that occur each day?

urinary elimination of urea

w.o.t.f. is true about protein?

- contains nitrogen - organic molecules

what are two factors in determining the quality of a protein?

- digestibility - amino acid composition

Women's digest animal proteins better than plant proteins. For this reason, vegetarians may need to increase their protein intake by about ___% To meet their protein requirements

10

proteins are made in your body by following the code found in your ____

DNA

Having a headache and intestinal discomfort from eating a food, without triggering the body's immune response is a sign of a ____ ____

Food intolerance

w.o.t.f occurs when the amount of protein consumed equals the amount of protein loss?

Nitrogen equilibrium

a(n) ____ essential amino acid is a nonessential amino acid that must be made from essential amino acids if insufficient amounts are consumed

conditionally

there are a total of ____ nonessential amino acids and nine essential amino acids that the body needs in order to function

eleven

animal proteins are a good source of all nine ____ amino acids

essential

T/F: DNA doesn't play a vital role in protein syntheis

false

a.o.t.f are good sources of protein except

fruit

what is the most commonly used tool to measure protein quality?

protein digestibility corrected amino acid score

____ Help regulate the acid-base balance in the blood

proteins

during translation, the mRNA code is read by the ____ which indicates which amino acids to use to make a protein

ribosomes

how do proteins contribute to acid-base balance of the blood?

serve as buffers that resist changes in pH

the ____ of a protein influences its function

shape

T/F: every cell contains protein

true

Each organism synthesizes proteins that are ____ to the specific organism

unique

what is the process of altering the 3d structure of a protein by treatment with heat, acids or agitation?

denaturation

a 35-year-old man who is at a healthy body weight of 80 kg has a protein RDA of ____ grams/day

64

a 28 yr old woman who is at a healthy body weight of 60 kg has a protein RDA of ____ grams/day

48

Match the measure of protein quality to the correct definition

Biological value- Based on how well and how quickly the body converts food protein into body tissue proteins PDCAA- Considers how well the body converts food protein into body tissue and also the amino acid composition PER- Measures the weight gain of growing laboratory animals in relation to a specific type of protein

a protein found in the blood, such as albumin, helps

maintain fluid balance in the tissues

a food intolerance may occur after the consumption of nonprotein substances, such as

- sulfites - lactose - MSG

a(n) ____ amino acid cannot by synthesized by humans in sufficient amounts, or at all, and must be included in the diet

- essential - indispensable

a personalized nutrition plan takes into consideration

- genes - height and weight - blood pressure - health assessment

w.o.t.f. elements are combined to make a protein?

- hydrogen - nitrogen - oxygen - carbon

two people with hypertension decide to follow a low sodium diet. one of the person's blood pressure goes down but the other's does not. this may be related to

- nutritional genomics - genes

Plant proteins are a healthy alternative to animal proteins with people who eat this type of diet having lower rates of

- obesity - hypertension - type 2 diabetes

vegetarian diets provide more

- phytochemicals - fiber - vitamins E and C - folic acid

rank the basic steps of protein synthesis

1. DNA unwinds exposing a gene 2. the gene undergoes transcription, forming messenger RNA 3. mRNA transfers the info from the nucleus to ribosomes 4. the ribosomes "read" the messenger RNA 5. RNA molecule conveys a particular amino acid to the ribosome 6. at the ribosome, the amino acid attaches to the peptide chain

What happens to protein production when the supply or "pool" Of amino acids does not have one or more of the essential amino acids needed for constructing the protein?

Production of the protein stops

edema refers to

a buildup of fluid in tissues

proteins are made up of smaller units called ____ ____

amino acids


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