NUTR 3362 exam 2 GD

What is TRUE about alcohol

drinking alcohol on an empty stomach speeds up the rate at which alcohol enters the bloodstream when compared to drinking after eating generally speaking, a woman who is of comparable size to a man will get drunk more quickly when she consumes the same amount of alcohol binge drinking is classified as 5 or more drinks per about 2hrs for males and 4 or more drinks per about 2hrs for females

high to low cholesterol: beef, turkey dark meat, salmon (all 3 0z) whole milk 1 cup and egg yolk 1 egg

egg yolk beef salmon turkey dark meat whole milk

Arteriosclerosis

a heathy artery allows blood to flow freely through it if inflammation occurs the smooth lining is damage cholesterol-containing plaque builds up blood clots form that can block blood flow

Male, waist circumference 29 inches, fasting blood sugar 78 mg/dL, triglycerides 105 mg/dL, HDL 35 mg/dL, blood pressure 110/9 mmHg

not metabolic syndrome

Male, waist circumference 44 inches, fasting blood sugar 95 mg/dL, triglycerides 135 mg/dL, HDL 30 mg/dL, blood pressure 120/80 mmHg

not metabolic syndrome

disaccharide simple sugars

sucrose, lactose and maltose

name the fatty acid: contains partially- hydrogenated unsaturated fatty acids double bond has it's hydrogen atoms on opposite sides of the molecule

trans fatty acid

HDL

transport cholesterol from cells and to the liver

According to the Dietary Guidelines (2015-2020), people should limit their intake of SATURATED FATTY ACIDS to less than 10% of total calories, and keep TRANS FAT AND CHOLESTEROL intakes as low as possible.

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Used bile salts are absorbed in the SMALL INTESTINE. After being absorbed, the used bile salts enter the LIVER. This organ recycles the bile salts to make new BILE

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greatest to lowest % of saturated fatty acids: canola, palm, coconut, olive oil and butter

coconut oil butter palm oil olive oil canola oil

name the fatty acid: alpha-linolenic acid needed to make DHA and EPA

omega-3 fatty acid essential

name the fatty acid: linoleic acid needed to make AA

omega-6 fatty acid typical in american diet

Safflower oil -- high linoleic and Fatty fish are examples of what type of fat?

polyunsaturated fat

name the fatty acid: each carbon atom in this fatty acid's carbon chain has two hydrogens primary type of fatty acid in beef and butter fat

saturated fatty acid

Paulina would like to increase her intake of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Which of the following foods is the best source of EPA and DHA? Walnuts Flaxseed oil Tuna Cheddar cheese

tuna Certain fatty fish are rich sources of DHA and EPA, long-chain omega-3 fatty acids.

Female, waist circumference 42 inches, fasting blood sugar 145 mg/dL, triglycerides 200 mg/dL, HDL 65 mg/dL, blood pressure 132/92 mmHg does she have a metabolic syndrome?

yes; she has a metabolic syndrome

If SOLUBLE fiber is present in chyme, it can interfere with the recycling of used bile salts. As a result, the used bile salts are ELIMINATED in FECES

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To fulfill such recommendations, diets should emphasize the CONSUMPTION OF FISH, NUTS AND VEGETABLE OILS

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When there is a lack of recycled bile salts, the LIVER uses CHOLESTEROL from the bloodstream to make new BILE

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name that component: used to make bile and certain hormones multi-ringed lipid that is a major component of cell membranes

cholesterol

Lana forgot to buy mayonnaise, but she found a recipe for the spread at a website. The recipe's ingredients include olive oil, salt, vinegar, egg yolks, paprika and black pepper. Which of the ingredients is an emulsifier? Salt Egg yolks Vinegar Olive oil

egg yolks Lecithin is used as an emulsifier; an emulsifier is a compound that can suspend fat in water.

explanation for metabolic syndrome

A person qualifies as having metabolic syndrome if he or she has three or more of the following criteria: waist circumference greater than or equal to 40 inches in men or 35 inches in women; hypertension, defined as greater than or equal to 130 mm Hg systolic (upper value) or greater than or equal to 85 mm Hg diastolic (lower value), or taking medication to treat hypertension; triglycerides greater than or equal to 150 mg/dl or taking medication to treat high triglycerides; low HDL, defined as less than 40 mg/dl for men or less than 50 mg/dl for women, or taking medication to treat low HDL; fasting blood glucose of greater than or equal to 100 mg/dl or taking medication to treat elevated glucose.

Chylomicron

Carries absorbed lipids away from the intestinal tract

LDL

Carries most of the cholesterol in the bloodstream and transports cholesterol to cells

Oxidized LDL

Contains damaged LDL that transports cholesterol into arterial lining

Lipids have many functions in the body as well as in foods. Select all of the statements that are true. Essential fatty acids must be supplied by food. Subcutaneous fat stores triglycerides and helps keep the body warm. Phospholipids are the "building blocks" for various proteins in the body. Phospholipids are a major component of plasma membranes. Phospholipids such as lecithin serve as antioxidants in foods. Cholesterol is used to make certain hormones. Triglycerides supply 7 kcal/g. Cholesterol provides 9 kcal/g.

Essential fatty acids must be supplied by food. Subcutaneous fat stores triglycerides and helps keep the body warm. Phospholipids are a major component of plasma membranes. Cholesterol is used to make certain hormones.

Lactose = glucose +

Galactose

Known CVD risk factor

HDL cholesterol = 31 mg/dL Elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) levels Smoking Inactivity

Female, waist circumference 34 inch, fasting blood sugar 110 mg/dL, triglycerides 100 mg/dL, HDL 45 mg/dL, blood pressure 135/90 mmHG does she have a metabolic syndrome?

Metabolic Syndrome

Olive oil and Peanut Butter are examples of what type of fat?

Monounsaturated Fat

Beef and Butter are examples of what type of fat?

Saturated

VLDL

carries only about 15% of the cholesterol in the bloodstream but carries the largest share of the triglycerides

Which of the following structures stores triglycerides in the form of fat droplets?

adipose cell

An optimal lipid profile has high levels of HDL cholesterol and low levels of LDL cholesterol. Which of the following is a heart healthy way to raise HDL cholesterol? Can select more than one correct response. Choosing more saturated fats, such as butter. Choosing more trans fats, such as shortening. Exercising regularly. Losing excess body fat.

exercising regularly losing excess body fat Saturated fatty acids increase HDL, but also raise LDL, so the overall effect is not heart healthy. Trans fat consumption raises LDL but not HDL levels. Exercising regularly and moderate alcohol consumption both raise HDL.

Sucrose = glucose + ?

fructose

monosaccharide simple sugars

fructose, glucose, and galactose

Maltose = glucose + ?

glucose

Heart disease has both preventable and non-preventable risk factors that contribute to its development. All of the following are lifestyle risk factors for heart disease EXCEPT: increasing age. drinking excessive amounts of alcohol. smoking cigarettes. eating a low-fiber, high-saturated-fat diet. being physically inactive.

increasing age

Marcus has decided to reduce his fat intake to gradually lose some excess body fat. If he follows an 1,800 kcal/day diet and maintains his percentage of fat intake within the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range, how many grams of fat per day should he consume? 40-70 grams of fat per day 40-75 grams of fat per day 360-630 grams of fat per day 47-82 grams of fat per day

40-70 grams of fat per day AMDR for fat is 20-35% of calories: 1,800 kcal × 0.2-0.35 = 360-630 kcal from fat 360-630 kcal from fat divided by 9 kcal per gram fat = 40-70 grams fat per day

Not a known CVD risk factor

Total blood cholesterol = 176 mg/dL Total cholesterol: HDL cholesterol ratio = 3:1 Blood trigylceride levels of 130 mg/dL

About a year ago, Monica decided to save money by feeding her 2 month-old baby a homemade formula prepared with fat-free milk, corn syrup, and a vitamin/mineral supplement. Within a few months, her baby lost its hair and developed scaly skin. According to the baby's physician, the child was not growing properly. Based on this information, Monica's baby probably has an essential fatty acid deficiency. lactose intolerance. an allergy to cholesterol. chronic phospholipidemia.

an essential fatty acid deficiency

Regina is a 22-year-old college student who plays on her school's soccer team. Her coach invited a registered dietitian to talk to the team about sports nutrition. The RD recommended minimizing intake of trans fatty acids from processed and packaged foods, but she explained that some trans fats occur naturally. What foods have naturally occurring trans fatty acids? a. Pastries, pies, and cookies b. Potatoes, rice, and corn c. Beef, whole milk, and butter d. Nuts, seeds, and avocados

beef, whole milk and butter Whole milk and whole milk products, butter, and meat naturally contain small amounts of trans fats. However, processed foods and margarines contribute about 80% of the trans fat in the American diet.