NUTR Chapter 8 HW

Vitamins are considered to be ______ nutrients.

essential

Which of the following vitamins are implicated in bone health?

vitamin D vitamin K

Name the fat-soluble vitamins.

vitamin E vitamin D vitamin K vitamin A

Which of these micronutrients are important for blood clotting?

vitamin K calcium

An organic compound that is needed in small amounts in the diet to help regulate and support chemical reactions and processes in the body is a

vitamin.

The B vitamins and vitamin C are _____ vitamins.

water-soluble

Does the FDA have limited resources to police supplement manufacturers?

yes

Pair the term with its best definition. Instructions

zoochemicals: health-promoting compounds found in animal foods phytochemicals: health-promoting compounds found in plant foods

How are trace minerals different from major minerals?

Requirements for trace minerals are less than 100 mg/day, whereas requirements for major minerals are 100 mg/day or more

Which of the following are defining characteristics of vitamins?

The body is unable to synthesize enough of the substance to maintain health. Prolonged absence of the compound from the diet produces deficiency symptoms.

According to DSHEA, products containing vitamins, minerals, amino acids, and botanicals are categorized as

dietary supplements.

Bioavailability refers to the degree to which a nutrient can be

digested and absorbed.

Which micronutrients function as coenzymes in the chemical reactions that yield energy from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins?

B vitamins

True or false: Using dietary supplement brands approved by the United States Pharmacopeia (USP) lessens the risk of consuming supplements contaminated with harmful substances.

True

When selecting a dietary supplement, the ______ on the package label is an indication that the product has been tested for strength, quality, and purity.

USP symbol

Which of the following is an example of a micronutrient?

Vitamin C

Along with protein and essential fatty acids, which of the following micronutrients are implicated in optimal immune function?

Vitamin C Vitamin A Zinc

Which of the following products are considered to be supplements in the United States?

Vitamins Minerals Amino acids

What is the name for health-promoting compounds found in animal food?

Zoochemicals

The consumer is ultimately responsible for protecting himself when using dietary supplements because the ______ cannot regulate supplements as closely as it regulates drugs.

FDA

True or false: All American adults should take a multivitamin and mineral supplement because it is not possible to obtain adequate nutrition from food sources.

False

True or false: Natural food sources of minerals put people at significant risk for mineral toxicities.

False

True or false: Trace minerals are not essential nutrients.

False

True or false: Vitamins are considered non-essential nutrients because we need them in small amounts.

False

The body is able to store which group of vitamins?

Fat-soluble vitamins

Vitamin C improves absorption of which mineral?

Iron

Which of the following are examples of micronutrients?

Iron Sodium Calcium

Considering what you know about minerals so far, which of the following represents safe advice for use of iron supplements?

Iron supplements should be taken to correct iron-deficiency anemia.

Coenzymes play an important role in metabolism because they

aid in the function of activating enzymes.

Current evidence indicates that multivitamin and mineral supplements

are not effective at preventing chronic disease among the general population.

To be classified as a vitamin, a substance should meet which criteria?

Over time, a lack produces deficiency symptoms. The body is unable to synthesize enough to maintain health.

Forming and maintaining ______ are calcium's major roles in the body.

bones

What information is required on the Supplement Facts label for supplements?

% DV Serving Size Ingredients

Points to consider when choosing a multivitamin and mineral supplement include

% Daily Value of each nutrient. cost and availability. full list of ingredients. how the supplement balances with other sources of nutrients (e.g., highly fortified foods).

Information that is required on the Supplement Facts panel on dietary supplements includes

% Daily Value. serving size. ingredients.

Certain population groups may benefit from a vitamin or mineral supplement. Match each population group with an appropriate supplement. Instructions

-Women of childbearing age: Folic Acid-Newborn babies: Vitamin K-Adults with lactose intolerance: Calcium and Vitamin D-Women with heavy menstrual periods: Iron

When considering a multivitamin and mineral supplement, which of the following should you select?

A supplement with less than the Upper Level for any nutrients

Which of the following groups of individuals likely needs a dietary supplement to maintain good nutritional status?

Adults over age 50 Pregnant women Anyone on a calorie-restricted diet

The active vitamin D hormone improves absorption of which mineral?

Calcium

A very high fiber diet may have what impact on mineral absorption?

Decrease mineral absorption

The B vitamins play a role in metabolism by

acting as coenzymes.

The degree to which an ingested nutrient such as minerals is absorbed and available to the body is called its

bioavailability

The vitamin content of fresh fruits and vegetables

can be lost through improper storage.

Supplements ______ claim to prevent, treat, or cure a disease.

cannot

Some minerals, such as copper and selenium, work as _____, enabling various proteins, such as enzymes, to function.

cofactors, coenzymes, or cofactor

Vitamins A, D, E, and K are considered to be _____ vitamins.

fat-soluble

The ______-soluble vitamins are more readily stored in the body than ______-soluble vitamins.

fat; water

A diet high in _____, particularly above daily recommendations, can decrease the absorption of iron, zinc, and possibly other minerals.

fiber

Sodium, potassium, chloride, and phosphorus work together to maintain

fluid balance in the body.

Exposure to ______ can cause a loss of certain vitamins.

heat oxygen light

Vitamin A and vitamin C work together to maintain

immune function.

During the enrichment of refined grain products, _______ is the only mineral added, whereas the selenium, zinc, copper, and other minerals lost during refinement are not replaced.

iron , Fe, nonheme iron, or non-heme iron

One mineral that influences the health of red blood cells is

iron or copper

The more refined a plant food is, such as with white flour, the _____ its mineral content.

lower

Based on current evidence, the National Institutes of Health

makes no recommendation, neither for nor against, use of multivitamin and mineral supplements.

Although requirements for _______ are small, depriving the body of any one of these important dietary components can be debilitating or even deadly.

micronutrients, vitamins and minerals, vitamins, or minerals

A person who relies on vitamin and mineral supplements rather than a balanced diet to obtain adequate nutrition is likely to miss out on

phytochemicals. fiber.

Micronutrients are needed in _____ quantities and are vital to every aspect of human health.

small

Which of the following micronutrients participate in fluid and electrolyte balance?

sodium chloride potassium

The water-soluble vitamins include

the B vitamins. vitamin C.

It is illegal for supplement makers to claim that a dietary supplement

treats osteoporosis. cures dementia. prevents cancer.

A(n) __________ is an organic compound needed in small amounts in the diet to help regulate and support chemical reactions and processes in the body. Listen to the complete question

vitamin