Nutri Final Exam review part 2
Approximately what percentage of pregnancies in the United States are unplanned?
50
About how many kcal are supplied by 8 oz of the typical sports drink?
50-100
With what vitamin is opsin usually associated in the body?
A
What is the most likely reason for a pregnant woman to crave pickles?
A change in hormones
Which of the following foods seems to relieve rheumatoid arthritis in some people?
Fatty fish
Lycopene is classified as a(n)
carotenoid.
What is a major function of hemosiderin?
Protects the body against free iron release
Approximately what proportion of people in the United States are believed to have hypertension?
1/3
Approximately what percentage of U.S. adults are affected by Alzheimer's disease after age 65?
12
What is the calcium UL (mg/day) for college-aged adults?
2,500
Approximately what percentage of the body's store of vitamin K is derived from GI tract bacterial synthesis?
50
What is the placenta?
An organ from which the infant receives nourishment
Which of the following are good sources of dietary calcium?
Certain greens such as mustard and turnip greens
Which of the following may be classified as a risk factor for coronary heart disease?
High C-reactive protein levels
What nutrient is important in the transport of oxygen in blood and in muscle tissue and in energy transformation reactions?
Iron
Which of the following is a feature of aspartame?
Two of its breakdown products include methanol and formaldehyde.
During pregnancy, exposure to excessive iodine from foods, prenatal supplements, or medications
can result in the fetus developing a severe, life-threatening goiter
The most common form of cardiovascular disease is
coronary heart disease.
Most people with type 2 diabetes have
excess body fat.
The most common cause of iodine deficiency is
insufficient intake of iodine from foods
The major function of vitamin E is to inhibit the destruction of
polyunsaturated fatty acids
If a child is reluctant to try a new food, it is best to
quietly remove it and present it again at another time.
Beriberi results from a deficiency of
thiamin
Sugar and salt are used as antimicrobial agents in foods because they prevent microbial use of the food's
water.
For adults older than ____, mortality is lowest among individuals who are at the high end of the healthy weight range or slightly to moderately overweight (BMI 23.5-27.5)
65
What population group is at highest risk for osteomalacia?
Adult women
Which of the following is a characteristic of factors associated with hypertension?
African Americans develop high blood pressure earlier in life and their average blood pressure is higher than others.
During pregnancy, which of the following nutrients show a dramatic increase in absorption?
Calcium and iron
Which of the following is a feature of calcium nutrition in the elderly?
Calcium intakes are well below recommendations.
Which of the following is a feature of calcium in the body?
Calcium-rich foods suppress the inflammation associated with overweight
Which of the following is an effective strategy for dealing with obesity in a child?
Engage the individual in at least 1 hour per day of moderate to vigorous physical activity.
Which of the following is a feature of fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)?
FAS cannot be treated, only prevented.
What is the term for the developing infant from the eighth week after conception until birth?
Fetus
Which of the following foods represents a common source of acrylamide intake in the United States?
French fries
What term designates foods that contain nonnutrient substances that may provide health benefits beyond basic nutrition?
Functional foods
When a marathon runner experiences the phenomenon known as "hitting the wall," what nutrient is most likely depleted?
Glucose
What high-energy compound acts as a reservoir of energy for the maintenance of a steady supply of ATP?
Creatine phosphate
Which of the following is a program that provides low-income older adults with coupons that are exchangeable for fresh vegetables and fruits at community-supported farmers' markets and roadside stands?
Senior Farmers Market Nutrition Program
Which of the following is an effect of alcohol intake in the mother who breastfeeds?
It alters the flavor of the breast milk.
What are the known consequences of taking a single two-tablet dose of aspirin?
It doubles the bleeding time of wounds.
Which of the following describes an effect of caffeine use in the athlete?
It may stimulate fatty acid release
How does antidiuretic hormone function?
It stimulates water reabsorption by the kidneys
Which of the following is a feature of potassium?
Liberal intakes may correct hypertension
Which of the following defines nursing bottle tooth decay?
Marked tooth decay of an infant due to prolonged exposure to carbohydrate-rich fluids from a bottle.
Which of the following is a characteristic of fuel use by muscles?
Muscles always use a mixture of fuels at rest or during physical activity
Which of the following nutrients functions to prevent the appearance of a bilateral, symmetrical dermatitis, primarily on areas exposed to the sun?
Niacin
Which of the following is a major form of vitamin K in foods?
Phylloquinone
What is the term given to the accumulation of lipid material mixed with smooth muscle cells and calcium that develops in the artery walls?
Plaques
Which of the following provides the most thiamin per serving size?
Pork chop
What is the name of the condition characterized by high blood pressure and protein in the urine of a pregnant woman?
Preeclampsia
A child known to be allergic to peanuts who begins to show signs such as difficulty breathing, swelling of the tongue, and severe abdominal discomfort is most likely in immediate need of a life-saving injection of
epinephrine.
The first sign of dehydration is typically
fatigue
The seal "Graded by USDA" that appears on packaged meat and poultry means that the product is
assessed for tenderness.
A measure of the rate at which a nutrient is absorbed and used by the body is termed
bioavailability
Which of the following nutrients enhances iron absorption from the intestinal tract?
Vitamin C
Which of the following nutrients need to be supplied first by solid foods in a baby's diet?
Vitamin C and iron
Which of the following is a feature of vitamin K?
Vitamin K participates in metabolism of bone proteins
The muscle stiffness that results from abnormally high calcium levels in the blood is termed
calcium rigor.
The effect of regular exercise on heart and lung function is known as
cardiorespiratory conditioning
A child with a true allergy to milk is actually allergic to the milk's
casein.
A feature of heavy caffeine use in human pregnancy is that it may
increase the risk of stillborn infants.
The synthesis of collagen requires both vitamin C and
iron
The excessive thirst common in diabetes is known as
polydipsia.
Substances that promote oxidation are usually termed
prooxidants
Which of the following blood pressure readings first signifies a diagnosis of hypertension?
140 over 90
What is the minimum number of glasses of water per day recommended for older adults?
6
What percentage of older adults live in poverty?
9
What is colostrum?
A milk-like substance secreted right after delivery
Which of the following was a finding of the Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study?
About one-fourth of the infants and toddlers failed to consume even one serving of fruits or vegetables daily.
Among the following, which should be the first action taken to lower blood cholesterol?
Achieve and maintain appropriate body weight
Which of the following is a feature of choline in nutrition?
Average intakes in the United States are lower than recommended
Which of the following types of drinking water contains the lowest amount of minerals?
Distilled water
What is the international agency that has adopted standards to regulate the use of pesticides?
FAO
What is the primary mechanism associated with the role of fluoride in prevention of dental caries?
Fluoride becomes incorporated into the crystalline structure of teeth, making them less susceptible to decay
Which of the following is an example of food intoxication?
Illness produced from ingestion of food contaminated with natural toxins
Which of the following statements describes an association between nutrient intake and lactation?
Ingestion of garlic may lead to an off-flavor of the milk.
Which of the following describes the primary function of vitamin A in bone health?
It assists enzymes that degrade certain regions of the bone, thereby allowing remodeling to occur
Which of the following is a feature of androstenedione use in athletes?
It is a dangerous alternative to anabolic steroid use
Which of the following is a feature of creatine supplementation in athletes?
It may enhance performance of weight lifters and sprinters
What is the primary action of the medication megestrol acetate?
It promotes weight gain.
What is the primary excretory route for the water-soluble vitamins?
Kidney
Which of the following is a feature of naturally occurring food toxicants?
Lima beans contain deadly cyanide compounds.
What vitamin deficiency disease appeared in people who had subsisted on a diet high in corn and low in protein?
Pellagra
The coenzyme FAD is formed from what vitamin?
Riboflavin
Which of the following formulas is available for infants with lactose intolerance?
Soy
What organism is responsible for producing the most common food toxin?
Staphylococcus aureus
Which of the following is a characteristic of calcium supplement use?
Taking them with a meal enhances absorption of calcium
What component of tea is responsible for its effect on iron absorption?
Tannic acid
What defines the FDA's de minimis rule?
The amount of a food additive that causes no more than a one-in-a-million lifetime risk of cancer to human beings
Which of the following contributes most to the weight of the human body?
Water
The recommended amounts of vitamins and minerals for infants are based on the
average amounts ingested by thriving infants breastfed by well-nourished mothers.
Your father was recently prescribed an anticoagulant medicine and was surprised that the doctor advised him to maintain consumption of consistent amounts of green leafy vegetables every day. You inform your father that
inconsistent intakes of green leafy vegetables will interfere with the regular action of the drug.
What is the origin of goitrogens in the diet?
Naturally occurring
Which of the following is the name of the vitamin A compound that is active in the visual response?
Retinal
What is a chief function of the B vitamins?
Coenzyme participation
What is believed to be the primary cause of type 1 diabetes?
Defect of the immune system
Which of the following is the most reliable source of vitamin D in the diet?
Fortified milk
Which of the following is a feature of phosphorus?
Involved in energy exchange
What vitamin undergoes the most destruction in foods preserved with sulfites?
Thiamin
Which of the following is the coenzyme form of thiamin?
Thiamin pyrophosphate
