Nutrition 1020 Module 5 study guide

Match the following nutrients to their functions: 1. Selenium A. Antioxidant 2. Folate B. Blood Clotting 3. Phosphorus C. Conversion of homocysteine to methionine 4. Vitamin K D. Energy transfer E. Regulates calcium and phosphorus balance

1. A - Antioxidant 2. C - Conversion of homocysteine to methionine 3. D - Energy transfer 4. B - Blood Clotting

Gertrude would like to improve her vitamin A status. Categorize the following as provitamin A or previtamin A sources. 1. Whole milk 2. Eggs 3. Carrots 4. Sweet potato 5. Pumpkin

1. Previtamin 2. Previtamin 3. Provitamin 4. Provitamin 5. Provitamin

An excess of _______ causes _______ 13. Iron A. Decreased bone mineral density 14. Choline B.Sensory neuropathy 15. Vitamin B6 C. Hypokalemia 16. Magnesium D. Gray skin 17. Vitamin A E. Fishy body odor

13. D - Gray skin 14. E - Fishy body odor 15. B - Sensory neuropathy 16. C - Hypokalemia 17. A - Decreased bone mineral density

An low of ____ causes _____. 18. Phosphorus - A. Hypophosphatemia 19. Iodine - B. Scurvy 20. Niacin - C. Pellagra 21. Vitamin B12 - D. Hypothyroidism 22. Vitamin C - E. Macrocytic Anemia

18. A - Hypophosphatemia 19. D. - Hypothyroidism 20. C. - Pellagra 21. E. - Macrocytic Anemia 22. B. - Scurvy

Match the following nutrients to the best food source 23. Vitamin B12 - A. Dried Fruit 24. Calcium - B. Green leafy vegetables 25. Vitamin K - C. Yeast 26. Magnesium - D. Tea 27. Fluoride - E. Dairy products

23. E - Dairy products 24. E - Dairy products 25. B - Green leafy vegetables 26. B - Green leafy vegetables 27. D - Tea

Nutrients DRI is affected by _____. 28. Thiamin A. Energy Intake 29. Vitamin C B. Protein intake 30. Iron C. Tobacco use 31.Vitamin B6 D. Vegetarian eating 32. Zinc E. Water intake

28. A - Energy Intake 29. C - Tobacco use 30. D - Vegetarian eating 31. B - Protein intake 32. D - Vegetarian eating

How much water/fluid should you consume each day?

3.7 liters for men and 2.7 liters for women

Match the following minerals to their deficiency sign: 33. Calcium A. Microcytic hypochromic anemia 34. Sodium B. Growth failure and sexual immaturity 35. Iron C. Hyponatremia 36. Fluoride D. Tooth decay 37. Zinc E. Bone loss (osteoporosis)

33. E - Bone loss (osteoporosis) 34. C - Hyponatremia 35. A - Microcytic hypochromic anemia 36. D - Tooth decay 37. B - Growth failure and sexual immaturity

Match the following nutrients to their function 38. Manganese A. Nucleic acid synthesis 39. Potassium B. Potentiates the action of insulin 40. Cobalt C. Bone formation 41. Vitamin B12 D. Osmolarity 42. Chromium E. pH balance

38. C - Bone formation 39. D - Osmolarity 40. A - Nucleic acid synthesis 41. A - Nucleic acid synthesis 42. B - Potentiates the action of insulin

Characteristic of: 43. Niacin A. The DRI is based upon the amount of protein consumed 44. Vitamin B6 B. Is better absorbed in the heme form 45. Vitamin D C. Can be synthesized from bacteria in the intestinal tract 46. Vitamin K D. Can be synthesized from trytophan 47. Iron E. Can be synthesized from cholesterol and sunlight

43. D 44. A 45. E 46. C 47. B

Miscellaneous Matching 48. A symptom of a nutrient deficiency A. An electron-deficient state 49. Oxidative stress B. A subjective complaint 50. Potassium C. An ICF electrolyte D. An ECF electrolyte

48. B - A subjective complaint 49. A - An electron-deficient state 50. C - An ICF electrolyte

Match the following nutrients to their deficiency state or deficiency sign/symptom: 5. Vitamin E (infants) A. Acrodermatitis entropathica 6. Thiamin B. Osteopenia 7. Zinc C. Rickets 8. Calcium D. Beriberi E. Hemolytic anemia

5. E - Hemolytic anemia 6. D - Beriberi 7. A - Acrodermatitis entropathica 8. B - Osteopenia

What % of your body weight is water?

60%

Match the following nutrients to the best food source. 9. Vitamin C A. Orange-colored Vegetables 10. Vitamin D B. Citrus fruits 11. Copper C. Seafood 12. Iodine D. Fortified Milk E. Olives

9. B -Citrus fruits 10. D - D. Fortified Milk 11. C - Seafood 12. C - Seafood

Henry is also trying to improve his potassium intake. Which of the following foods would be a good source of potassium? A. Sweet potatoes B. Oranges C. Potato D. Soy Sauce

A, B, and C

Since legumes are a good source of non-heme iron, Henry decided that they would be a good thing to eat. He wants to boost the absorption of their iron content, but he is unsure of how to do that. Select whether the following methods would achieve this. A. Eating them with a source of vitamin C B. Eating them with meat C. Eating them alone (no other food) D. Cooking them in a cast iron skillet E. Eating them with a piece of bread

A. Would boost absorption B. Would boost absorption C. Would not D. Would boost absorption E. Would not

What does the electrolyte CI (Chloride) do?

Acid-base balance pH

What are food sources of potassium?

All whole foods and salt substitutes

20 Down. Condition in which the body is unable to deliver oxygen to cells.

Anemia

What is an antioxidant? Which nutrients function as antioxidants? How do they promote health? What are good food sources of antioxidant nutrients?

Antioxidants are molecules that can help your body fight off harmful free radicals, which have been linked to health conditions like diabetes and cancer. They're found Vitamin A,C,and E and in plant foods and is promoted as additives that can prevent heart disease, cancer, cataracts, memory loss, and other conditions.

13 Down. Adequate intake of this vitamin acid prevents scurvy.

Ascorbic

Which fat-soluble vitamin is produced by bacteria in the GI tract?

B Vitamins

Gertrude is six months pregnant. She loves hamburgers and milkshakes. She is a woman of European descent who has anemia, but she did not respond to iron supplements. What is most likely causing Gertrude's anemia? A deficiency of ________. A. Iron B. Folate C. Vitamin B12 D. Vitamin B6 E. Vitamin E

B. Folate

Toxicities of the following nutrients are poorly characterized in human beings: A. Vitamin C and thiamin B. Folate and vitamin B12 C. Vitamin A and pantothenic acid D. Niacin and zinc E. Iodine and potassium

B. Folate and Vitamin B12

A deficiency of vitamin B12 causes: A. Microcytic anemia B. Pernicious anemia C. Hemolytic anemia D. Sickle cell anemia E. None of the above

B. Pernicious anemia

Gertrude is six months pregnant. She loves hamburgers and milkshakes. She is a woman of European descent who has anemia, but she did not respond to iron supplements. What could be Gertrude's problem? A. She could have iron toxicity, as this also causes anemia B. She could have another type of anemia besides iron-deficiency anemia C. She could have calcium toxicity from the milkshakes

B. She could have another type of anemia besides iron-deficiency anemia

Why did it take three years before Henry's deficiency showed up? A. His folate intake masked his vitamin B12 deficiency. B. Vitamin B12 can be stored long term in the liver. C. His stomach had a vitamin B 12 storage reservoir. D. He had extra intrinsic factor to increase absorption of his low vitamin B12 intake.

B. Vitamin B12 can be stored long term in the liver.

What is the recommended supplement for Vegan/avoiding dairy?

B12 (animal foods), calcium, vitamin D

What is the recommended supplement for Older adults?

B12 (atrophic gastritis), vitamin D, calcium

Beriberi

Beriberi

24 Across. Type of test used to determine a nutritional deficiency or toxicity.

Biochemical

16 Down. This vitamin is widely distributed in food.

Biotin

Gertrude is six months pregnant. She loves hamburgers and milkshakes. She is a woman of European descent who has anemia, but she did not respond to iron supplements. What foods are lacking in GErtrude's diet that she would need to eat to correct her anemia? A. Starchy Vegetables B. Melons and berries C. Dark green vegetables D. Fats and oils E. Red and Orange vegetables

C. Dark green vegetables

What could a high intake of sodium do to blood volume and pressure?

Can raise both blood volume and pressure

6 Down. Mineral used to make acid for food digestion.

Chloride

8 Across. Substance that can be converted to vitamin D upon UVB light exposure.

Cholesterol

23 Across. Deficiency of ______ contributes to liver damage.

Choline

3 Across. Deficiency of this mineral may affect blood glucose levels.

Chromium

Henry turned vegan three years ago after his father was diagnosed with cancer. He eats a diet of whole foods and does not use vitamin and mineral supplements. He also read a book by John Robbins about reclaiming health, which pointed out the environmental and resource inefficiencies of raising animal protein, the negative health data generated by the overuse of animal products, and the health-promoting characteristics of vegetarian diets. He was recently diagnosed with anemia and complained of numb, cold-feeling fingers and toes Henry can correct his deficiency and maintain his vegan lifestyle by.... A. Taking a vitamin B12 supplement B. Eating foods that are designed for vegans and have vitamin B12 added to them C. Eating more broccoli anc cauliflower D. A and B E. A,B,C

D. A and B

A recent role of vitamin B6, vitamin B12, and folate in health promotion is in the prevention of: A. Bone loss B. Depressed immunity C. Night blindness D. Hyperhomocystemia E. Allergy

D. Hyperhomocystemia

What does the electrolyte K (Potassium) do?

Decreases BP

Vitamin K is a fat-soluble vitamin important for: A. Vitamin E synthesis B. Energy metabolism C. Collagen synthesis D. Lipid antioxidation E. Blood Clotting

E. Blood clotting

Why is it important to eat a varied diet?

Eating a varied diet can benefit our health by reducing risks associated with malnutrition.

True or False: A deficiency of vitamin C causes beriberi

False

True or False: Deficiency and toxicity signs and symptoms are not unique for each nutrient, as are food sources

False

True or False: Deficiency of selenium may contribute to abnormal glucose metabolism.

False

True or False: Fruit provides an excellent source of fat soluble vitamins.

False

True or False: Meat provides an excellent source of all essential vitamins and minerals.

False

True or False: Protein-containing plant foods provide a good source of bioavailable iron.

False

True or False: The fat-soluble vitamins don't have specific chemical forms and functions in the body

False

True or False: More fluid in blood plasma = reduced blood volume = less blood pressure

False, Less fluid = reduced volume = less pressure

17 Down. Trace mineral found in bones and teeth.

Fluoride

What is the recommended supplement for Infants/children?

Fluoride, vitamin D, iron

22 Down. Adequate intake prevents hyperhomocystemia

Folate

Which of the following B vitamins are involved as cofactors in ATP production A. Thaimin B. Riboflavin C. Naicin D. Biotin E. Vitamin B12 F. Folate G. All of the above

G. All of the above

7 Down. Iodine deficiency causes this.

Goiter

What is the recommended supplement for Cigarettes and alcohol use?

Heavy smokers require more vitamin C and possibly Vitamin E. Alcohol consumption affects B vitamins -> more

21 Across. The component of hemoglobin that binds oxygen.

Iron

What is the recommended supplement for Athletes?

Iron, depending on the type of sport

25 Across. Absorption site for vitamin K.

Jejunum

9 Down. Long term excessive intake of niacin may damage this organ.

Liver

What is hypoanatremia?

Low sodium that can cause edema (swelling) in the brain cells and spinal cord, lung congestion, and muscle weakness

2 Down. Mineral put in laxatives to stimulate excretion.

Magnesium

What is the recommended supplement for people taking meds?

May interfere with body's use of certain nutrients

What are some of the functions of water?

Medium for chemical reactions, regulates water temp, maintains blood volume, and lubricates/cushions the joints/organs/eyes.spinal cord.etc

What is the recommended supplement for dieters?

Multivitamin/mineral supplement if <1600 Calories/day

What does the electrolyte Na/K (Sodium) do?

Nerve conduction to generate electrical charge of cells for communication between cells

1 Down. Vitamin used as a drug to improve blood cholesterol levels.

Niacin

What is the recommended supplement for restricted diets?

Nutrients in the food categories they avoid

19 Across. A good food source for tocopherols.

Nuts

14 Across. Too much of this nutrient causes bone demineralization.

Phosphorus

11 Down. Mineral concentrated in intracellular fluid.

Potassium

Fluid inside cells are rich in __________ and fluid outside cells are rich in __________

Potassium, Sodium

12 Across. Form of vitamin A required for vision.

Retinal

10 Across. B vitamin functioning in fatty acid metabolism.

Riboflavin

What are food sources of Chloride?

Salt, salt substitute, processed foods, seaweed, lettuce tomatoes, celery, and olives

What are the food sources of sodium?

Salt, sauces, canned food, cured meats, fast food, any processed foods

The following major minerals are involved in water balance: A. Sodium, potassium, and chloride B. Zinc, copper, and chromium C. Calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium D. Selenium, fluoride, and iodine E. A and C

Sodium, potassium, and chloride

How does the blood circulate from the heart?

The high blood pressure pushes water through capillaries out onto tissues

How does water move back into veins?

Through osmosis to balance solute concentration

Gertrude is six months pregnant. She loves hamburgers and milkshakes. She is a woman of European descent who has anemia, but she did not respond to iron supplements. True or False: Gertrude's European ancestry could increase her risk of having low folate status if she exposed her skin to excess sunlight (UV radiation).

True

Gertrude is six months pregnant. She loves hamburgers and milkshakes. She is a woman of European descent who has anemia, but she did not respond to iron supplements. True or False: Gertrude's anemia is probably not due to a vitamin B12 deficiency, because vitamin B12 is found in animal food sources and Gertrude eats plenty of these.

True

Gertrude is six months pregnant. She loves hamburgers and milkshakes. She is a woman of European descent who has anemia, but she did not respond to iron supplements. True or False: Gertrude's unborn baby is at risk for spina bifida.

True

Henry turned vegan three years ago after his father was diagnosed with cancer. He eats a diet of whole foods and does not use vitamin and mineral supplements. He also read a book by John Robbins about reclaiming health, which pointed out the environmental and resource inefficiencies of raising animal protein, the negative health data generated by the overuse of animal products, and the health-promoting characteristics of vegetarian diets. He was recently diagnosed with anemia and complained of numb, cold-feeling fingers and toes True or False: Henry could have a vitamin B12 deficiency because he doesn't consume animal products and doesn't take a vitamin B12 supplement.

True

True or False: DRI's exist for essential fat-soluble vitamins: A,D,E,K

True

True or False: Diagnosing and confirming a nutrient deficiency or toxicity requires analysis of the diet, clinical evaluation, biochemical analysis, and evaluation of the response to corrected intake levels

True

True or False: The fat-soluble vitamins are grouped by their solubility in oil

True

True or False: Toxicities and deficiencies take longer to develop for fat-soluble vitamins than for water-soluble vitamins

True

True or false: a high intake of water without proper electrolytes can cause water intoxication

True

How are fluids lost from the body?

Urination and sweat

What is the recommended supplement for Dark skin pigmentation?

Vitamin D

Which fat-soluble vitamins can be synthesized in the body?

Vitamins A,D,E and K

4 Down. The most essential nutrient for the body.

Water

Why is water so essential for your life?

Your body uses water to sweat, urinate, and have bowel movements. Sweat regulates body temperature when you're exercising or in warm temperatures. You need water to replenish the lost fluid from sweat. You also need enough water in your system to have healthy stool and avoid constipation.

15 Across. Deficiency of _____ delays sexual maturation.

Zinc

Gertrude is six months pregnant. She loves hamburgers and milkshakes. She is a woman of European descent who has anemia, but she did not respond to iron supplements. How could you confirm the cause of Gertrude's nutritional deficiency? a. Do a complete dietary analysis to verify low dietary intake of the suspected nutrient b. Verify clinical symptoms of anemia (weakness, pallor, fatigue, etc.) c. Perform biochemical tests to show a low level of the nutrient in her body d. Provide the nutrient that is believed to cause her anemia back in her diet and consider supplementation e. All of these

e. All of these

What does anti-diuretic hormone do?

helps conserve water when needed at the kidneys

What are the 2 fluid compartments?

intracellular (inside cells) and extracellular (outside cells)

5 Down. Toxicity of this vitamin form leads to nerve damage.

pyridoxine

How would you determine if you are at risk for nutritional deficiency?

weight loss and body mass index (BMI) charts, blood tests for micronutrient status and physical exams