Nutrition Ch. 15- Hunger and the Future of Food

What causes famine?

Political and social reasons. Also, environmental

What are food banks, food pantries, and emergency kitchens?

facilities that collect and distribute food donations to authorized organizations feeding the hungry. community food collection programs that provide groceries to be prepared and eaten at home. programs that provide prepared meals to be eaten on-site; often called soup kitchens.

What are greenhouse gases?

gases that contribute to global climate change by absorbing the sun's infrared radiation and trapping heat; examples of greenhouse gases are carbon dioxide and methane

What is chronic malnutrition?

malnutrition caused by long-term food deprivation; characterized in children by short height for age (stunting).

What is severe acute malnutrition (SAM)?

malnutrition caused by recent severe food restriction; characterized in children by underweight for height (wasting).

What is oral rehydration therapy (ORT)?

oral fluid replacement for children with severe diarrhea caused by infectious disease. A simple recipe for ORT: 1⁄2 L boiled water, 4 tsp sugar, 1⁄2 tsp salt.

What is hunger?

physical discomfort, illness, weakness, or pain beyond a mild uneasy sensation arising from a prolonged involuntary lack of food; a consequence of food insecurity

What is agribusiness?

Commercial agriculture characterized by integration of different steps in the food-processing industry, usually through ownership by large corporations.

What are other ways to be sustainable? (2)

1. Eating Lower on the Food Chain - Studies of energy use in the U.S. food system have revealed which foods require the most and least energy to produce. 2. Keeping Local Profits Local

What are the things that are putting the planet at risk for low food supply? (7)

1. Loss of food-producing land 2. Fossil fuel use 3. Atmosphere and global climate change 4. Ozone loss from the outer atmosphere 5. Fresh water shortages 6. Increased flooding 7. Ocean pollution

What are the three ways to reduce waste and stretch food dollars?

1. Plan ahead 2. Shop smart 3. Reduce waste

What are three types of goals that can be used to help a community get sustainable food?

1. Stage 1 Short-Term Goals—Fully Use Resources Currently Available 2. Stage 2 Medium-Range Goals—Network and Connect Food Relief Agencies and Others to Identify and Address Problems 3. Stage 3 Long-Range Goals—Redesign Food and Other Systems for Effectiveness and Longevity

How many people worldwide suffer vitamin and mineral deficiency?

Almost 2 billion people worldwide who consume sufficient calories still lack the variety and quality of foods needed to provide sufficient vitamins and minerals 40 percent of women in the developing world suffer poor health and debilitating fatigue from iron deficiency 25 percent of the world's population suffers from zinc deficiency that contributes to growth failure, diarrhea, and pneumonia.

Why is important to protect the genetic diversity in food?

Crop varieties that are resistant to pests and diseases can reduce the need to apply harmful pesticides

What groups can help change our hunger problem?

Everyone

What is High food security?

No reported food limitation or access problems

What is marginal food security?

One or two reported indications of problems typically of anxiety over food sufficiency or shortage of food in the house. Little or no indication of changes in diets or food intake

What is very low food security?

Reports of multiple indications of disrupted eating patterns and reduced food intake

What is low food security?

Reports of reduced quality, variety, or desirability of diet. Little or no indication of reduced food intake

What is integrated pest management?

Use chemicals only when needed, introduce predators, staying ahead with monitoring

What is water stress?

a measure of the pressure placed on water resources by human activities such as municipal water supplies, industries, power plants, and agricultural irrigation.

What is marasmic kwashiorkor?

a particularly lethal form of severe acute malnutrition, in which a child's dangerously reduced lean body tissue is masked by edema, making the condition harder to detect.

What is a food crisis?

a steep decline in food availability with a proportional rise in hunger and malnutrition at the local, national, or global level.

What are food deserts?

a term used to describe urban and rural low-income neighborhoods and communities that have limited access to affordable and nutritious foods.

What are food recovery programs?

collecting wholesome surplus food for distribution to low-income people who are hungry

What is ready-to-use therapeutic food (RUTF)?

highly caloric food products offering carbohydrate, lipid, protein, and micronutrients in a soft-textured paste used to promote rapid weight gain in malnourished people, particularly children.

What is food poverty?

hunger occurring when enough food exists in an area but some of the people cannot obtain it because they lack money, are being deprived for political reasons, live in a country at war, or suffer from other problems such as lack of transportation.

What is wasting?

in malnutrition, thin for height, indicating recent rapid weight loss or failure to gain, often from severe acute malnutrition.

Why is lead poisoning bad?

inhibits ferrochelatase and ALA dehydratase -> decreased heme synthesis

What is stunting?

low height for age, indicating restriction of potential growth in children, often from chronic malnutrition.

What is kwashiorkor?

severe malnutrition characterized by failure to grow and develop, edema, changes in the pigmentation of hair and skin, fatty liver, anemia, and apathy

What is marasmus?

severe malnutrition characterized by poor growth, dramatic weight loss, loss of body fat and muscle, and apathy. From the Greek word meaning "dying away."

What is aquaculture?

the farming of aquatic organisms for food, generally fish, mollusks, or crustaceans, that involves such activities as feeding immature organisms, providing habitat, protecting them from predators, harvesting them, and selling or consuming them.

What is the world food supply?

the quantity of food, including stores from previous harvests, available to the world's people at a given time.

What is carrying capacity?

the total number of living organisms that a given environment can support without deteriorating in quality

What is the relationship between mental retardation and food intake?

there appears to be some association between certain nutrients in food and emotional well being. These nutrients include omega-3 fatty acids, folic acid, vitamin D, magnesium, B vitamins, and tryptophan

What is precision agriculture?

using computers and technology to farm more efficiently

What are food aversions?

when certain foods make pregnant women uncomfortable. These foods either makes them nauseous, or they hate the taste or they have problems swallowing them

What is famine?

widespread and extreme scarcity of food that causes starvation and death in a large portion of the population in an area.