Nutrition Ch. 3
At what pH level do the gastrin-producing cells stop secreting acid into the stomach?
1.5
A triglyceride breaking down into glycerol and 3 fatty acids is an example of...
An ANABOLIC reaction, which REQUIRES energy.
The cartilage in the throat that guards the entrance to the trachea and prevents fluid and food from entering it when a person swallows is known as the...
Epiglottis
Which nutrients are harder for your body to digest?
Fat and protein
What kind of nutrients does the lymphatic system carry to the bloodstream?
Fats and fat-soluble vitamins
What gastronomical hormone helps maintain the proper pH of the stomach?
Gastrin
The inner surface of the small intestine...
Is covered with projections called villi
What organ is the first to receive nutrients that have been absorbed from the digestive tract?
Liver
What part of the intestinal tract prevents backflow of food from the stomach into the esophagus?
Lower esophageal sphincter
What term applies to the wavelike muscular contractions that move food along the digestive tract?
Peristalsis
The esophagus is an example of A MAJOR organ of the digestive system. Which of the following statements describes the general function of this type of digestive organ?
Physically interacts with the ingested food, for example, storing the food, moving the food along the digestive tract, or absorbing nutrients from processed food.
Gastrointestinal bacteria in the body...
Produce small amounts of several vitamins
Pancreatic juices aid digestion and absorption by...
Releasing bicarbonate to neutralize gastric acidity
The process of facilitated transport for absorbing nutrients...
Requires a specific carrier
Organs of the human digestive system
Salivary gland (glands in the bottom of the mouth) Mouth Pharynx (right after the mouth) Esophagus (below pharynx) Liver (under esophagus, above the stomach) Gallbladder (green thing under the liver) Stomach (left side of the body) Pancreas (spongey circular under the stomach) Large intestine (thicker) Small intestine (thinner and more compact) Rectum (after large intestine) Anus (final step, after rectum)
The salivary gland is an example of AN ACCESSORY organ of the digestive system. Which of the following describes the general function of this type of digestive organ?
Secretes enzymes and other liquids that aid in the digestion and processing of food
The gallbladder is an example of AN ACCESSORY organ of the digestive system. Which of the following describes the general function of this type of digestive organ?
Secretes enzymes and other liquids that aid in the digestion and processing of food.
Water is absorbed in the intestine through which process?
Simple diffusion
Glucose to glycogen
This is an example of an ANABOLIC reaction, which REQUIRES energy.
The macronutrients that we consume are broken down through digestion and then absorbed in order to ultimately BE USED BY CELLS FOR ENERGY. Metabolism is the set of chemical processes involved in utilizing these nutrients and maintaining life in all living organisms. Metabolic processes either require or release energy. These processes can be categorized into 2 categories:
anabolism and catabolism
an enzyme does not change its chemical structure while promoting other chemical reactions.
as a catalyst
The gallbladder stores and concentrates...
bile
A typical volume leaving the large intestine might be180 mL. If the volume exiting the large intestine were 54 mL, then it would most likely be a case of...
constipation
A typical volume leaving the large intestine might be 170 mL. If the volume exiting the large intestine were 476 mL, then it would likely indicate a case of...
diarrhea
An emulsifier is a substance that prevents fats and water from mixing.
false
Cholecystokinin speeds up the process of digestion.
false
In a healthy adult, the small intestine is about 3 feet long.
false
The gastrointestinal tract does not depend on blood for any of its functions.
false
The gastrointestinal tract extends from the mouth to the end of the stomach.
false
The ileocecal valve is the sphincter that separates the stomach and small intestine.
false
Villi are structures in the esophagus that help move food into the stomach.
false
Broken down into smaller molecules by bile salts
lipids
Broken down by enzymes embedded in the cellular membrane of the intestinal wall cell
proteins & carbohydrates
Must first be broken down into smaller units before it can be absorbed by the intestinal wall cell
proteins & carbohydrates
Digestion is the process by which the food we eat is broken down into absorbable units.
true
Goblet cells are cells in the gastrointestinal tract (and lungs) that secrete mucus.
true
In a healthy adult, the gastrointestinal tract can have an estimated 100 trillion microbes.
true
In the small intestine, glucose is absorbed by active transport.
true
Large fats and fat-soluble vitamins travel through the lymphatic system before making their way into the bloodstream.
true
One function of the liver is to detoxify potentially harmful substances before they enter the bloodstream.
true
The hepatic portal vein moves blood from the digestive system to the liver.
true
The small intestine has three segments: duodenum, the jejunum, the ileum.
true
