nutrition ch. 5
How much energy is contributed by one gram of lecithin in a dietary supplement?
9 kcal
Approximately what percentage of the lipids in foods are triglycerides?
95
What percentage of stored body fat is in the form of triglycerides?
99
What is the major sterol in the diet?
Cholesterol
What lipoprotein is largest in size?
Chylomicron
Which of the following is a characteristic of eggs in nutrition?
Consumption of one egg per day by most people is not considered detrimental
Which of the following is an omega-3 fat?
Docosahexaenoic acid
Among the following, which would be the least effective method to control blood cholesterol levels?
Eat more insoluble fiber
Which of the following has the highest percentage of its fat in polyunsaturated form?
corn oil
Which of the following is considered a major source of polyunsaturated fat?
corn oil
Bile is known to assist in the absorption of
fat only
What is the storage site of bile?
gallbladder
All of the following compounds may be synthesized from cholesterol except
glucose
A major cause of rancidity of lipids in foods is exposure to
heat and oxygen
The results of blood tests that reveal a person's total cholesterol and triglycerides are called a
lipid profile
What tissue contains special receptors for removing low-density lipoproteins from the circulation?
liver
Which of the following substances cannot be absorbed directly into the blood?
long chain fatty acids
Studies show that regular consumption of fatty fish leads to
low blood pressure
Spherical complexes of emulsified fats are known as
micelles.
Characteristics of hydrogenated oils include all of the following except
products containing them become rancid sooner, contributing to a shorter shelf life.
An important function of fat in the body is to
protect vital organs against shock
Which of the following foods contains cholesterol?
roasted turkey
Ronnie eats a fairly balanced diet, but wants to include a good source of omega-3 fats. Which of the following should be your recommendation?
salmon
What part of the gastrointestinal tract is the predominant site of dietary fat hydrolysis?
small intestine
Which of the following is a feature of phospholipids?
soluble in both water and fat
Which of the following contains the least cholesterol per serving?
steamed coal
What compound is composed of 3 fatty acids and glycerol?
tryglyceride
What is the highest total blood cholesterol concentration (mg/dL) that falls within the desirable range?
199
Approximately how many milligrams of cholesterol are found in an egg?
200
According to the Dietary Guidelines, what should be the maximum daily intake of cholesterol on a 2500-kcalorie diet?
300 mg
According to the Dietary Guidelines, what should be the maximum total fat intake as a percentage of energy intake?
35
Which of the following would be least effective at preventing oxidation of the polyunsaturated fatty acids in processed foods?
Addition of phosphorus
Which of the following characteristics are shared by cholesterol and lecithin?
Both are synthesized in the body
Which of the following is a feature of butter and margarine?
Butter contains more saturated fat and cholesterol than margarine does
What is the immediate precursor for the eicosanoids?
Fatty acids
Which of the following foods provide essential fatty acids?
Fish, beef, and plants
Which of the following is a characteristic of the blood cholesterol level?
It can be lowered more effectively by reducing dietary intake of saturated fat than of cholesterol
How is soluble fiber in the diet thought to help lower blood cholesterol level?
It enhances excretion of bile leading to increased cholesterol turnover
Which of the following is a characteristic of cholesterol?
It is a precursor for bile and vitamin D synthesis
Which of the following is used by the body to synthesize arachidonic acid
Linoleic acid
Which of the following is used by the body to synthesize arachidonic acid?
Linoleic acid
What are the precursors for synthesis of the eicosanoids?
Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids
Your roommate Bob has just come back from the doctor where he was subjected to a blood lipid profile analysis. The doctor provided him with dietary changes because the cholesterol results put him at increased risk for cardiovascular disease. Which of the following results is consistent with the diagnosis?
Low HDL and high LDL
Which of the following lipoproteins contains the highest percentage of cholesterol?
Low-density lipoprotein
Which of the following is not a feature of the bile acids?
Manufactured by the gallbladder
What type of fatty acid is found in high amounts in olive oil?
Monounsaturated
Your aunt Gladys has a family history of heart disease. She decides to begin eating a bowl of oatmeal every morning to help lower her blood cholesterol. After about a month of following this routine, her cholesterol declined about 5 points. Which of the following is the most likely explanation for this effect?
Oatmeal is high in soluble fibers that trap bile, causing the body to use more cholesterol for bile replacement
Which of the following is a feature of the lipid content of foods?
Omega-3 fats are found in fish
Which of the following is a property of dietary lipids?
Omega-3 fatty acids are always unsaturated
Which one of the following compounds is missing 4 or more hydrogen atoms?
Polyunsaturated fatty acid
Which of the following is an example of enterohepatic circulation?
Recycling of bile from the intestine to the liver
When stored at room temperature in loosely capped containers, which of the following dietary lipids would turn rancid in the shortest time?
Soybean oil
In which form are most dietary lipids found?
Triglycerides
A food that represents a visible fat would be
butter
Which of the following foods contains the least amount of cholesterol per serving?
butter
Which of the following sources of lipids should be substituted for saturated fats to help lower blood cholesterol levels?
canola oil
Which of the following vegetable oils is a good source of omega-3 fatty acids?
canola oil
A lacto-ovo vegetarian wishing to ensure a liberal intake of linolenic acid should consume
canola oil and walnuts
What is the major sterol in the diet
cholesterol
Which of the following cannot be found in plants?
cholesterol
After a meal, most of the fat that eventually empties into the blood is in the form of particles known as
chylomicrons.
Oil that is partially hydrogenated sometimes changes one or more of its double bond configurations from
cis to trans
Which of the following has the highest percentage of its fat in saturated form?
coconut oil
Which of the following is a factor that determines the hardness of a fat at a given temperature?
degree of saturation
Lipids differ in their degree of saturation or unsaturation due to their number of
double bonds
A low risk of cardiovascular disease correlates with high blood levels of
high density lipoprotein
Chylomicrons are synthesized within the
intestinal cell
Which of the following is a feature of choline?
it is a part of lecithin
Important factors in the selection of a margarine product include all of the following except
it should contain primarily omega-3 fatty acids.
Each of the following is known to be linked to excessive intake of fats except
lactoce intolerance
in comparison to a low-density lipoprotein, a high-density lipoprotein contains
less lipid
In comparison to a low-density lipoprotein, a high-density lipoprotein contains
less lipids
The oils found in walnuts, soybeans, flaxseed, and wheat germ represent a good source of preformed
linoleic acid
Which of the following lipids is an essential nutrient?
linoleic acid
Which of the following structural features of fatty acids determines their susceptibility to spoilage by oxygen?
number of double bond
All of the following are rich sources of polyunsaturated fatty acids except
palm oil.
Each of the following may act as an emulsifier in the intestinal tract except
pancreatic lipase