Nutrition (CH. 8 + 10) EXAM 3

First try to guess which food is less energy dense and then do the calculations and find out the real numbers. For this activity, use 1 individual cup of soup, potato with bacon (Schlotzsky's) (293.33 kcalkcal in 226.8 gg) and 1 side of salad, potato with bacon (Schlotzsky's) (241.0 kcalkcal in 141.75 gg).

1.3, 1.7

What about replacing pasta with the same amount of cauliflower next to the chicken breast? Calculate the energy content of both foods and see for yourself. Find the energy content of 1 cup of penne pasta, cooked (Aramark Campus) (373.76 kcalkcal in 236.56 gg) and 1 cup cauliflower florets, fresh (26.74 kcalkcal in 107 gg).

1.6, 0.2

Which of the following blood pressure measurements would be considered indicative of hypertension?

140/90

Do you remember Jack from the "Calculating Your Body Mass Index" activity? Jack is 19 years old and is applying to the U.S. Military Academy. He has to meet the physical fitness criteria for weight, height, and percent body fat. Jack is 6 feet 2 inches tall and weighs 192 pounds. His BMI is 24.7 kg/m2kg/m2. What is Jack's predicted percent body fat based on his BMI?

17.8 percent body fat

What is the minimum amount of sodium that you need to consume daily?

180 milligrams

What is the daily EER for Molly? Don't forget to convert her weight and height into metric units.

1976 kcal

A woman needs at least 17%% body fat for normal reproductive function. When the percentage of stored fat is too low, it disrupts ovulation and interferes with getting pregnant. Catherine has always been skinny. She once even thought about trying a modeling career. Catherine is now 29 years old, and she and her husband are thinking about having children soon. Catherine is 5 feet 4 inches tall and weighs 104 pounds. She calculated her BMI as 17.9 kg/m2kg/m2, but all the information about fertility and weight she could "goggle out" was about percent body fat, not BMI. What is Catherine's percent body fat?

22.8 percent body fat

How much (in kilocalories) can Molly increase her EER if she increases her level of physical activity just by one grade by adding a half-an-hour walk after work every day?

224 kcal

What is the daily EER for Deana? Don't forget to convert her weight and height into metric units.

2268 kcal

What is Jack's BMI? Round to one decimal place.

24.7 kg/m2

Jessi is a vegan and knows she needs to consume more iron. She does not want to take supplements, but instead get iron from natural foods. Which of the following would be the best source of iron for Jessi that does not include animal products?

lentils

A function of phosphorus is to ___.

maintain proper pH

Which of the following foods is the best source of iron?

meat

Of the following, the food richest in phosphorus is ___.

milk

Which of the following foods is the best source of calcium?

milk

Of the following foods, which has the highest energy density?

pastries

Which of the following minerals is linked with bone health?

phosphorus

Which of the following minerals is linked with fluid and electrolyte balance?

potassium

The most effective treatment for eating disorders involves a multi-disciplinary team of __________.

psychological, nutritional and medical professionals

Leptin is produced in fat cells and stimulates __________.

satiety

High-protein diets are high in ___.

saturated fat

Which of the following minerals is linked with antioxidant function?

selenium

Of the following, the food with the LEAST amount of iron is ___.

skim milk

One cup of skim milk has approximately 80 kcal. One ounce of low-fat cheddar cheese has approximately 50 kcal. How many kilocalories would need to be consumed to get approximately 300 mg of calcium from each of these two sources individually?

skim milk-80 kcal; low-fat cheddar cheese-125 kcal

Which of the following vegetables would be the best source of iron?

spinach

Which of the following is a consequence of hypertension?

stroke

Positive energy balance occurs when ___.

the amount of energy taken in exceeds the amount expended

Osmosis is __________.

the movement of a solvent from a lower concentration of solutes across a membrane to a higher concentration

The majority of the sodium in your diet is coming from __________.

the sodium that is added to processed foods

Which of the following is a common characteristic of all vitamins and minerals?

they provide no kilocalories for the body.

Selenium is a component of enzymes that help regulate which hormone?

thyroid

Chromium may help lower the risk of __________.

type 2 diabetes

The majority of excess water is excreted through __________.

urine output

Which of the following risk factors for hypertension are modifiable and, therefore, ones that Kegan can work to control, thereby decreasing his risk of hypertension? Select all that apply.

weight diet rich in restaurant foods sedentary lifestyle

The need for iron is greater in ___.

women during pregnancy

A severe deficiency of iodine during adulthood can cause __________.

goiter

A major function of magnesium is to ___.

help regulate blood pressure

The DASH diet is ___.

high in potassium and magnesium

A major function of chromium is to ___.

increase insulin's effectiveness

Which of the following is a characteristic associated with anorexia nervosa?

intense fear of weight gain

Which of the following minerals is linked with blood health?

iron

Which one of the following snack items will provide the most volume, or largest portion size, for a mere 100 calories?

Salad

Weight cycling ___.

is repeated weight gain and loss

A behavioral modification technique to lose weight includes ___.

keeping a food and exercise log

To promote satiety, add ___ to your meals.

lean protein

Which statement(s) correctly describe(s) the role of hormones in calcium metabolism? Be aware that all statements may be correct.

Parathyroid hormone is released when dietary calcium levels are low.

Let's look at some snack foods that she is considering packing: raisins and chocolate. Find the energy content of 50 seedless raisins (77.74 kcalkcal in 26 gg ) and 1 Trader Joe's 66%% cacao, dark chocolate bar (230 kcalkcal in 45 gg ). Calculate the energy densities of raisins and chocolate to help Samantha make a decision.

3.0, 5.1

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

A cell will shrink when the concentration of electrolytes is greater inside the cell than outside the cell.

Which statement regarding water balance is true?

A woman on a daily diet of 2500 kcal needs approximately 3000 ml of water.

Which statement regarding calcium is FALSE?

Approximately 50 percent of calcium is found in the blood.

Which of the following is true about bone health?

Bones are dynamic, living tissue.

Carol is a vegan and does not eat dairy foods. Is it possible for her to obtain the daily recommended amount of calcium from a diet without taking supplements?

Carol can easily obtain adequate amounts of calcium from natural foods, even if she is a vegan.

What should Samantha carry as a snack food on the backpacking trip, chocolate or raisins?

Chocolate. Chocolate has a lot of fat and is more energy dense.

The hormone that is secreted when the stomach is empty and stimulates hunger is __________.

ghrelin

Desiree's doctor suggests she try Xenical (trade name for orlistat) to help her weight-loss efforts. Which piece of advice would the doctor most likely give her to help improve her experience?

Decrease consumption of take-out meals and switch to lower-fat options to decrease gastrointestinal side effects.

Desiree visits her RDN to help support her weight-loss efforts. What might her dietitian recommend?

Eat breads made with unrefined flour, rather than those made from refined flour. Increase consumption of fruit and vegetables for more fiber. Cook more meals at home.

Edgar does not like drinking milk but likes cheese, yogurt, and ice cream. What can you tell about Edgar's calcium intake?

Edgar is getting adequate calcium from his diet. Cheese, yogurt, and ice cream are good sources of calcium.

Approximately 66 percent of our body water is found in the extracellular fluid.

False

Because the body can store water like it does fat, humans can survive for 10 to 15 days without water as long as they have food to eat.

False

Meats are the only food group with a significant amount of iron.

False

The Dairy Group is the only food group with a significant amount of calcium.

False

The amount of urine the body produces depends only on a person's age.

False

The cerebral cortex is the part of the brain that is responsible for satiety, or feeling full.

False

Which of the following is true about ALL bottled water?

It may contain impurities.

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

Leptin is a satiety hormone secreted from the pancreas.

You are snacking on a power bar but want to keep your snack to about 100 calories. How much can you eat?

Less than half of the bar.

Which of the following statements is true about mineral toxicity?

Mineral toxicities usually result from supplement use.

Which of the following is a characteristic of minerals but not vitamins?

Minerals are inorganic molecules, while vitamins are organic.

What is the amount of sodium that Americans, on average, consume daily?

More than 3,000 milligrams

Which of the following statements is/are true regarding satiety and hunger?

Signals from the stomach and small intestine stimulate the hypothalamus to perceive satiety and hunger. Glucagon, released from the pancreas when blood glucose levels are low, stimulates the hypothalamus to perceive hunger. Glucagon, released from the pancreas when blood glucose levels are low, stimulates the hypothalamus to perceive hunger.

Which agency reports data on the trends in adult obesity in the United States?

The CDC tracks and reports trends in obesity with the Behavioral Risk and Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS).

Which of the following is a characteristic of vitamins but not minerals?

They can be either water or fat soluble.

Calcium is actively absorbed in the upper small intestine with the aid of 1, 25 dihydroxyvitamin D.

True

Electrolytes control fluid balance in the cells.

True

Obesity is defined as a BMI, or body mass index, greater or equal to 30.

True

The thyroid hormone calcitonin inhibits the effects of vitamin D on calcium metabolism and works to lower calcium levels in the blood.

True

The type and amount of food you eat can stimulate appetite.

True

Water carries heat away from the body core to cool the body when needed through the process known as evaporation.

True

Which is the correct equation to use when calculating body mass index?

Weight (kg)/Height (m)2

Is Jack's BMI within the range required for admission to the U.S. Military Academy?

Yes, his BMI is within normal weight range

To gain weight healthfully, one can ___.

add nutrient-dense between-meal snacks

Central obesity is ___.

associated with insulin resistance

The average person's major energy expenditure is for ___.

basal metabolism

Which of the following lists presents the foods in order from the best to the poorest source of iron?

beef, dark meat chicken, white meat chicken

Overweight is defined as having a body mass index (BMI) ________.

between 25 and 29.9

Mineral absorption from foods depends on their ___.

bioavailability

Generally, as one's weight increases, so does one's ___.

blood pressure

Which of the following foods contains the LEAST amount of potassium?

chicken

Kegan realizes that dining out has contributed to his weight gain and elevated blood pressure. He decides to prepare food at home. He eats the following for lunch on a Saturday: -canned chicken noodle soup -carrot sticks -skim milk -handful of walnuts -slice of whole-grain bread Which of the items in Kegan's lunch was not the best choice to help with his elevated blood pressure?

chicken noodle soup

Which of the following minerals is linked with energy metabolism?

chromium

Bulimia nervosa involves __________.

cycles of binge eating and purging

Obesity has been associated with an increased risk for __________.

diabetes heart disease and stroke cancer

Which of the following choices most completely describes the functions of water in the body?

digestion transporting nutrients protection and lubrication

Which of the following is a warning sign of eating disorders?

distorted body image

Individuals who want to gain weight should __________ and __________.

eat a healthy diet; exercise to build muscle mass

One key role of copper is as a component of __________.

enzymes

The process that helps the body to cool off to maintain its temperature is called ___.

evaporation

When watching your weight, you want to snack smart. To do that, you want a snack that is going to __________.

fill you up before it fills you out

Which of the following foods contains the LEAST amount of sodium?

fresh corn

Desiree is most concerned about the health consequences of her hypertension, but she is fearful of how drastic and permanent surgical options sound. What surgical intervention might be most appropriate for considering her reservations?

gastric banding