Nutrition Ch. 8

Air-displacement plethysmography

is commonly called the "bod pod"

The basal metabolic rate (BMR) is influenced mainly by the amount of _______ body mass.

lean

Bioelectrical impedance

measures body fat with an electrical current

Excess accumulation of this fat is referred to as central obesity:

visceral fat

Fat accumulated in the abdominal area:

visceral fat

Fat that increases the risk of developing chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease:

visceral fat

Men tend to accumulate more of this fat, which is stored in the upper part of the body:

visceral fat

Assesses fat distribution to determine disease risk:

waist circumference

A person's __________ circumference is a good indicator of central obesity and suggests the presence of __________ fat.

waist; visceral

T or F: For a typical healthy adult, physical activity accounts for the largest share of the total energy expended each day.

False- body's basal metabolism

T or F: The resting metabolic rate is measured while a person is sleeping.

False- resting in a comfortable setting

T or F: Empty calories are ones that don't cause weight gain because they don't contain any nutrients that would make them stick.

False- they stack up and are stored as fat; don't have any nutritional value

T or F: Even adults who maintain an average weight can develop type 2 diabetes.

True

T or F: The abundance of available food is one example of a cognitive influence that often makes people keep eating after they are full.

True

T or F: The thermic effect of food is the amount of energy the body uses to chew, swallow, and digest a meal.

True

A classic rule states that each pound of body fat contains 3500 kcalories. Thus, a person who consistently eats 2300 kcalories per day and expends 2000 kcalories per day for 30 days would be expected to gain: a. 1.5 pounds b. 3.8 pounds c. 2.6 pounds d. 5.2 pounds

c. 2.6 pounds

Calculate the BMI of a person who is 69 inches tall and weighs 200 pounds: a. 24.9 b. 27.1 c. 29.5 d. 31.6

c. 29.5

Water constitutes about what percent of a healthy adult's body weight? a. 30 b. 50 c. 60 d. 70

c. 60

If a slice of chocolate cake contains 500 calories, how many portions would someone have to eat to gain a pound using the classic rule of calorie balance? a. 3 slices b. 5 slices c. 7 slices d. 9 slices

c. 7 slices

Which hormone increases satiety? a. Cholecystokinin b. Ghrelin c. Insulin d. Growth hormone

a. Cholecystokinin

Which of the following is measured by BMI? a. Height and weight b. Body composition c. Body fat d. Fat distribution

a. Height and weight

Which method of assessing body fat measures body density by weighing the person first on land and then again while submerged in water? a. Hydrodensitometry b. Air displacement plethysmography c. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry d. Bioelectrical impedance

a. Hydrodensitometry

Which health concern is associated with the accumulation of fat in the abdominal region? a. Insulin resistance b. Hair loss c. High levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol d. Low blood pressure

a. Insulin resistance

Energy required by the body when in extremely cold temperatures for an extended period of time:

adaptive thermogenesis

What is the biggest that Ramona's waist measurement can be to reduce her risk of disease? Remember that she is 5'7" tall. a. 25 ½ inches b. 33 ½ inches c. 35 inches d. 40 inches

b. 33 ½ inches

If an athlete consumes 3,500 calories in a day, how many calories are likely to be used to digest the food (thermic effect of food)? a. 125 calories b. 350 calories c. 525 calories d. 700 calories

b. 350 calories (10% of total)

What relationship does the body mass index describe? a. The relationship between weight and percent of body fat b. The relationship between weight and height c. The relationship between height and percent of body fat d. The relationship between height and waist circumference

b. The relationship between weight and height

Approximately 50% or more of the energy expended by the body each day:

basal metabolism

Energy expended by the body to keep blood circulating:

basal metabolism

Energy needed to maintain life:

basal metabolism

Which of these statements is NOT true regarding BMI? a. BMI may be used to assess chronic disease risk. b. BMI may be used to monitor change over time. c. BMI may be used as an indicator for body composition. d. BMI may be used to classify overweight and obese individuals. e. BMI may be used as an inexpensive anthropometric nutrition assessment tool.

c. BMI may be used as an indicator for body composition.

Which lists energy metabolism components in the correct order from the highest expenditure to the smallest expenditure? a. Basal metabolism, thermic effect of food, physical activity b. Physical activity, basal metabolism, thermic effect of food c. Basal metabolism, physical activity, thermic effect of food d. Physical activity, thermic effect of food, basal metabolism

c. Basal metabolism, physical activity, thermic effect of food

Where is visceral fat stored? a. Subcutaneously b. In the thighs c. In the abdominal cavity d. In the arms and legs

c. In the abdominal cavity

What is the term for the amount of energy that the body derives from foods? a. Energy balance b. An energy equivalent c. Physiological fuel value d. Thermic energy

c. Physiological fuel value

Which source of calories causes the body to expend the most energy during digestion? a. Carbohydrate b. Fat c. Protein d. Alcohol

c. Protein

Assesses weight but not body composition:

BMI

Which factor raises basal metabolic rate? a. Starvation b. Malnutrition c. Being thin and tall d. Having a high percentage of body fat

c. Being thin and tall

Age _______ BMR.

decreases

Caffein _______ BMR.

increases

Fever _______ BMR.

increases

Fat that is NOT associated with central obesity:

subcutaneous fat

Fat that is generally not correlated with an increase in disease risk:

subcutaneous fat

Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry

uses low dose X-rays to differentiate tissue types

Over the long term, the composition of weight gained or lost is ______ percent fat and _____ percent lean, whereas, during fasting/starvation, losses of fat and lean are about equal.

75; 25

May inaccurately classify muscular individuals as overweight:

BMI

A weight gain of how much after the age of 18 doubles the risk of developing diabetes, even in adults of average weight? a. 10 b. 20 c. 30 d. 40

a. 10

If Ramona weighs 200 pounds and is 5'7", what is a reasonable target weight for weight loss? Remember that you divide inches by 39.7 to convert to meters and divide weight in pounds by 2.2 to convert to kilograms. a. 127 pounds b. 147 pounds c. 167 pounds d. 187 pounds

d. 187 pounds

Which of the following eating disorders is most common in both males and females? a. Anorexia nervosa b. Bulimia nervosa c. Muscle dysmorphia d. Binge-eating disorder

d. Binge-eating disorder

Which of the following is the most common eating disorder in both males and females? a. Bulimia nervosa b. Anorexia nervosa c. Athlete triad d. Binge-eating disorder

d. Binge-eating disorder

Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for metabolic syndrome? a. Elevated fasting blood glucose b. Abnormal blood lipids c. Abdominal obesity d. Dementia

d. Dementia

What does the body mass index (BMI) between 18.5 and 24.9 indicate? a. Underweight b. Overweight c. Obesity d. Healthy weight

d. Healthy weight

What does satiation determine? a. How much food is stored as energy b. The amount of food consumed in a day c. How much food is left in your stomach at the end of the day d. How much food is consumed during one meal

d. How much food is consumed during one meal

A BMI of 32 would indicate that a person is __________. a. Underweight b. Overweight c. At a healthy weight d. Obese

d. Obese

Where does ectopic fat accumulate? a. Subcutaneously b. In the upper body c. In the abdominal region d. Outside of the adipose tissue

d. Outside of the adipose tissue

What is the first dietary objective in treating anorexia nervosa? a. Decrease fat intake b. Eat foods with lower energy density c. Increase physical activity d. Stop further weight loss

d. Stop further weight loss

Which of the following is the control center in the brain that helps regulate and control appetite? a. The cerebellum b. The frontal lobe c. The hippocampus d. The hypothalamus

d. The hypothalamus

Which part of the brain controls hunger? a. The cerebrum b. The pituitary c. The cerebellum d. The hypothalamus

d. The hypothalamus

Which statement is NOT true about estimating energy requirements? a. Women have lower energy requirements than men. b. Lactating women have higher energy needs. c. The average reduction in energy expenditure is about 5 percent per decade. d. The more a person weighs, the less energy is expended on basal metabolism.

d. The more a person weighs, the less energy is expended on basal metabolism.

You weigh a football player team and notice that each player's BMI would indicate that they are obese. Which of the following would you most likely conclude? a. The majority of them are probably obese and should make an effort to lose weight. b. They are very tall. c. They have too much body fat. d. They have denser bones and a higher amount of lean tissue, contributing to their elevated body weights.

d. They have denser bones and a higher amount of lean tissue, contributing to their elevated body weights.

Fasting and starvation ______ BMR.

decreases

Hydrodensitometry

determines body density dry as compared with submerged in water

In general, why does a tall person have a higher basal metabolic rate than a shorter person of the same weight? a. Shorter people have more skin surface area and lose heat more rapidly than a taller person. b. Taller people eat more protein, which takes more energy to digest. c. Tall people are more active than shorter people. d. Shorter people eat less than tall people. e. Taller people have more skin surface area and lose heat more rapidly than a shorter person.

e. Taller people have more skin surface area and lose heat more rapidly than a shorter person.

Assesses how much body weight is composed of fat:

percent body fat

The most changeable component of energy output:

physcial activity

Can make up 30 to 50% of energy needs:

physical activity

The energy requirement over which one has the most control:

physical activity

Women tend to have more of this fat, which is stored just under the skin:

subcutaneous fat

Makes up approximately 10% of the energy expended by the body each day:

thermic effect of food

The daily component that requires the least energy:

thermic effect of food