Nutrition Ch.4
Hepatopancreatic/ Oddi sphincter
Control flow of bile from common bile duct into the small intestine
Bile storage is concentrated in the
Gallbladder
Experiencing ____________ two or more times per week may signal the more serious gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).
Heartburn
The most common forms of ____________ are ulcerative colitis and Crohn disease.
Inflammatory bowel disease
Peptide YY
Inhibits gastric and pancreatic secretions
A probiotic food contains
Live microorganisms that colonize the large intestine
Which of the following is a potential benefit of the immune-enhancing effects of probiotics?
Reduced incidence of food allergies
Motilin
Regulates motility of the gastrointestinal tract
Secretin
Stimulates release of pancreatic bicarbonate
Gastrin
Triggers the stomach to release HCl and pepsinogen; stimulates gastric and intestinal motility
True or False: The presence of a large and varied population of bacteria in the large intestine supports immune function.
True
Bile is necessary for some nutrient digestion and absorption; bile is produced in the
Liver
A prebiotic food product contains
substances that stimulate the growth of beneficial bacteria in the large intestine.
Probiotics
A probiotic contains specific types of bacteria that are intended to colonize the large intestine and thereby improve intestinal tract health.
Transport of a nutrient against a concentration gradient requires both a protein carrier and the input of energy. This type of transport is called
Active absorption
With ____________ , the inflammation and ulceration can extend throughout the GI tract and the ulcers can form fistulae between areas of intestine or even to organs outside the GI tract.
Crohn disease
Which of the following is the primary cause of death in children around the world?
Diarrhea
Located near the throat, the ____________ is the flap of tissue that prevents food from entering the trachea.
Epiglottis
The movement of a nutrient down a concentration gradient into the absorptive cells with the help of a protein carrier is
Facilitated diffusion
True or False: Bacterial fermentation of undigested carbohydrates (e.g., fiber) in the small intestine leads to the production of gases and short-chain fatty acids.
False
True or False: The presence of live and active cultures in a food product makes the product a probiotic.
False
____________ are caused by an individual's inability to digest certain food components, usually due to low amounts of specific enzymes.
Food Intolerances
__________ cause an immune response as a result of exposure to certain food proteins.
Food allergies
Somatostatin
Inhibits release of GI hormones; slows gastric emptying, GI motility, and blood flow to the intestine
The stomach also produces an important substance called ____________ that is important for the absorption of vitamin B-12.
Intrinsic factor
Bowel irregularity in ____________ is caused by abnormal intestinal motility; the abdominal pain is caused by a decreased pain threshold for abdominal distension.
Irritable bowel syndrome
The free movement of a nutrient from an area of higher concentration (in the lumen) to an area of lower concentration (in the absorptive cell) is called ____________ .
Passive diffusion
The throat is otherwise known as the ____________ , an organ that is located at the back of the oral and nasal cavities.
Pharynx
Ileocecal valve
Prevents contents from the large intestines from reentering the small intestine
Gastric inhibitory peptide
Signals the stomach to limit the release of of gastric juices and slows gastric motility
Cholecystokinin
Stimulates release of pancreatic enzymes and bile from the gallbladder
Put the digestive system organ or organ component in the proper order needed to digest and absorb nutrients from food.
Stomach, pyloric sphincter, duodenum, jejunum, ileum
What Protects Stomach from Acid?
The stomach is lined with a layer of mucus that protects it.
A good food probiotic
has good sensory qualities when incorporated into foods.
Infants and children taking probiotics may experience
reduced incidence of diarrheal disease.
With ____________ , recurring inflammation and ulceration occur in the innermost layer of the large intestine.
ulcerative colitis
In a type of transport called ____________ , absorptive cells engulf nutrients from the lumen of the GI tract and form a vesicle around the substance to bring it into the cell.
Endocytosis