Nutrition Chapter 1 Notecards
How many calories are in a kilocalorie?
1,000
Name two goals of Healthy People 2020
1. Increase quality and years of healthy life. 2. Eliminate health disparities
Healthy People 2020 includes what objectives?
1. Reduce iron deficiency among females of childbearing age 2. Decrease consumption of sodium 3. Increase consumption of whole grains
Lipids are involved in what major functions of nutrients?
1. Regulating body processes 2. Providing energy 3. Promoting growth, development, and maintenance of body tissues
What statements are true about fiber?
1. Type of carbohydrate 2. Not digestible by human enzymes 3. Adds bulk to the feces
What is true about water?
1. Water helps transport waste 2. Water is a solvent and lubricant 3. Water acts as a medium for temperature and regulation.
The prefix "micro-" means?
1/1,000,ooo
Approximately ... of American children and teens are overweight
1/3
The appropriate amount of calories for protein recommended by the Food and Nutrition Board of the National Academy of Sciences is...
10%-35%
My weight is 60 kilograms. What is my weight in pounds?
132
4 grams of protein=how many kcals?
16 kcal
1 kilogram= how many pounds?
2.2
The appropriate amount of calories for fat recommended by the Food and Nutrition Board of the National Academy of Sciences is...
20%-35%
Carbohydrates provide the body with .. kcal per gram?
4
10 grams of carbohydrates=how many kcals?
40kcal
The appropriate amount of calories for carbohydrates recommended by the Food and Nutrition Board of the National Academy of Sciences is...
45%-65%
5 grams of fat=how many kcals?
45kcal
What is the kilocalorie difference between one gram of fat and one gram of carbohydrate?
5 kcals
There are approximately...kilocalories in one from of alcohol
7
Fewer than.. breaths per minute would indicate alcohol poisoning
8
Lipids contain ... kcal per gram
9
Chronic condition characterized by the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells
Cancer
Sugars, starch, and fibers are types of the class of nutrients known as
Carbohydrates
The medical term that refers to any disease of the heart and circulatory system is...disease
Cardiovascular disease
The participants in an experiment who are not given the treatment being tested are know as the ... group
Control
A group of diseases characterized by hyperglycemia
Diabetes
Process by which foods are broken down into smaller units that can be absorbed by the small intestine
Digestion
How is binge drinking defined for a female?
Drinking four or more drinks in a row
What are some things that will help a student avoid unneeded weight gain?
Eat breakfast, exercise regularly, and choose calorie-free beverages
What can influence health behaviors?
Environment, Relationships, Advertising, and Level of Education
a substance which, when left out of a diet, leads to poor health. The body either can't produce this substance or it can't produce enough of it to meet its needs,
Essential
An excess intake of calories is usually linked to overindulgence in which of the following?
Fat, sugar, and alcoholic beverages
What is the term for the substance in plant food that is not digested by the processes that take place in human stomach or small intestine?
Fiber
How is binge drinking defined for a male?
Five or more drinks in a row
The body can derive all the essential nutrients from
Foods and beverages
Over the past few decades, Americans have increased their consumption of which food items?
Frozen vegetables, breakfast cereals, and pasta
What foods are rich in phytochemicals?
Fruits and Vegetables
What are the two main causes of obesity among Americans today?
Inadequate physical activity and Excessive calorie intake
What are external factors that may influence food choices?
Lifestyle, Food availability, and Food marketing
What does not dissolve in water?
Lipids
...is the total of all chemical processes that occur in living cells
Metabolism
Give an example of an inorganic substance
Minerals
Name the class of nutrients that includes structurally simple, inorganic substances, which exist as groups of one or more of the same atoms.
Minerals
Which of the following are examples of simple sugars?
Monosaccharides and Disaccharides
What element do proteins have that carbohydrates lack?
Nitrogen
...are substances obtained from food that are vital for growth and maintenance of the body.
Nutrients
...is a condition characterized by excess body fat
Obesity
What is the main structural material in the body?
Proteins
Which of the following are examples of electrolyte minerals?
Sodium, potassium, and chloride
T/F: A solvent is a substance (usually liquid) in which another substance is dissolved
True
Involves insufficient or no release of the hormone insulin by the pancreas and requires daily insulin therapy
Type 1 Diabetes
Results from either insufficient insulin release or the general ability for insulin to act on certain body cells and might not require insulin therapy
Type 2 Diabetes
Give an example of some water-soluble vitamins?
Vitamin B-12, Vitamin C, and Vitamin B-6
Which of the following are fat-soluble vitamins?
Vitamin E, Vitamin D, and Vitamin A
..are essential nutrients that do not yield energy, but participate in many chemical reactions that release energy from macronutrients
Vitamins
Which two nutrients provide no usable calories for the body?
Vitamins and Minerals
The body is compromised of about 60% of what nutrient?
Water
Which non-energy-yielding nutrient acts as a solvent and lubricant, as a vehicle for transporting nutrients and waste, and as a medium for temperature regulation and chemical processes?
Water
What are the major classes of essential nutrients?
Water, Carbohydrates, and Lipids
The main function of vitamins in the body is to...
aid chemical reactions that release energy
The building blocks of proteins are called
amino acids
Hunger is influenced by
blood levels of nutrients
Give an example of an polyphenol
blueberries, strawberries, and raspberries
linkage between two atoms formed by the sharing of electrons
bond
Give an example of an indole
broccoli, cabbage, and kale
The heat energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius
calorie
...are nutrients that provide the body with a major source of calories
carbohydrates
What nutrient classes yield energy?
carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids
a waxy lipid found in all body cells that can only be obtained from foods of animal origin
cholesterol
A(n) .. disease is one that develops over a long period of time
chronic
Give an example of a flavonoid
citrus fruits, onions, apples, grapes, and chocolate
A(n) .. carbohydrate contains many glucose units
complex
Contains many glucose units
complex carbohydrates
Starch and fiber are examples of
complex carbohydrates
A compound that speeds the rate of a chemical reaction but is not altered by the reaction is an...
enzyme
The study of dietary and disease patterns among various populations is known as
epidemiology
An excess protein intake above that which is used by the body is converted to fat and stored as
fat
Give a few examples of lipids
fats and oils
Which of the following are examples of complex carbohydrates?
fiber, glycogen, and starch
A(n)...provides the instructions for production of a specific body protein
gene
the main 6-carbon simple sugar found in blood
glucose
What is the term for the primarily physiological drive to find and eat food, mostly regulated by internal cues to eating?
hunger
is a chronic disease characterized by consistently elevated blood pressure
hypertension
A unit describing the energy content of food
kilocalorie
The heat energy needed to raise the temperature of 1,000 grams of water 1 degree Celsius
kilocalorie
Nutrients that are needed in quantities greater than a gram are considered
macronutrients
List microgram, kilogram, centigram, and milligram in order from smallest to largest
microgram, milligram, centigram, and kilogram
Includes structurally simple, inorganic substances, which exist as groups of one or more of the same atoms
minerals
Which of the following make up a protein?
nitrogen, hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen
Phytochemicals can be classified as ... nutrients
non-essential
Substances obtained from food that are vital for growth and maintenance of the body
nutrients
Name the science that links food and health
nutrition
Carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids are all .. compounds
organic
What is the chronic disease characterized by decreased bone mass related to the effects of aging, genetics, and poor diet
osteoporosis
A...is composed of many simple sugar units
polysaccharide
The body usually does not use... to meet daily calorie needs
protein
Most enzymes are made of
proteins
Chemical reactions help release the energy trapped in
proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates
Appetite is the primarily...drive to find and eat food
psychological
One liter is nearly the same volume as one...
quart
Term used to describe the feeling of fullness after a meal
satiety
Cells in the...tell us when we are full and when we should stop eating
satiety center of the brain
Carbohydrates come in two forms:
simple sugars and complex sugars
In contrast to oils, fats are...at room temperature
solid
Give an example of a phytosterol
soybeans
Decrease or loss of blood flow to the brain is a
stroke
Eating disorders may lead to
thinning of bones, menstrual irregularities, and heart abnormalities
If daily needs are less than 100 milligrams, the mineral is classified as a... mineral
trace
Which two nutrients provide no usable calories for the body?
vitamins and minerals
What helps to regulate body processes?
water, some lipids, and proteins
Cooking is most likely to destroy ... vitamins
water-soluble vitamins
